Chiphunzitso
Pa mwana wazovala zaluso kwambiri za zaka za m'ma 1900 zapitazi, mosemphana ndi zolemba, chilengedwe sichinakane. Ngakhale anali ndi zaka 14, atabedwa ndi misasa yamisala, Lev Gumiler adasiyidwa chizindikiro chowala mu Chikhalidwe cha Russia ndi sayansi. Mbiri yakale, wolemba mbiri, wolemba za m'mabwinja ndi wasayansi ndi wasayansi yemwe adayikapo chiphunzitso chotchuka, kutayamwa pambuyo pa chigawenga chachikulu cholowa cha sayansi. Ndipo adalemba ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo, kudziwa zilankhulo zisanu ndi chimodzi, zidamasuliridwa mazana angapo a anthu ena.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mwana wamwamuna yekhayo wa Anna Akhmatova ndi Nikolai Gumuleev adabadwa pakugwa kwa 1912 pa Vasalyvevsky Island, ku Mailesi ya Mayress Alexandra Fedorovna. Makolo a ana abwera ku Village a ku Royal ndipo posakhalitsa adabatizidwa kutchalitchi cha Ejaterinkyk.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba a moyo, mwana wa olemba ndakatulo awiri anali pa chisamaliro cha agogo ake aamuna, amayi a Nikolai Gumuleev. Mwanayo sanasinthe nthawi zonse za makolo a makolo, amayesa mosavuta komanso nkhawa zonse za mnyamatayo anvanobna chigoli. Pambuyo pake, Lev Nikolayvich adzalemba kuti amayi ndi abambo angowona ali mwana, agogo ake adalowa m'malo mwawo.
Kufikira zaka 5, mnyamatayo anakulira ku khungu, chuma cha agogo, chomwe chili m'chigawo cha Bezheatsy cha Terver. Koma ku Revolury 1917 Gaumalev, akuopa nsomba, kusiya chisa choyimira. Kutenga laibulale ndi gawo la mipando, mayi wokhala ndi mdzukulu asamukira ku Bezhetsk.
Mu 1918, makolo adasudzulana. M'chilimwe cha chaka chomwecho, Anna Ivanovna adasamukira ku mwana wake wamwamuna ku Petrograd. Chaka chomwe mnyamatayo adalankhula ndi abambo ake, adatsagana ndi Nikolai Stesatovich pa zolembedwa, adakhala ku mayi. Posachedwa makolo adapanga mabanja atsopano: Gumilev adakwatirana ndi Anna Grallerd, mu 1919 anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa Elena. Akhmatova ankakhala ndi Asurigir Vladimir Shileko.
M'chilimwe cha 1919, agogo ake aamuna ndi mpongozi wake ndi ana amapita ku Bezheatsk. Nikolai gumalev nthawi zina anali ndi banja. Mu 1921, Leo adaphunzira za imfa ya Atate wake.
Ku Bezheatsk, wachinyamata wa Lev Gumimov adachitika. Mpaka zaka 17 adasintha masukulu atatu. Maubwenzi ndi anzanu sanakulitse chibwenzicho. Malinga ndi zokumbukira za ophunzira mkalasi, a Leva adasungidwa. Malonti ndi Komerol adamuzungulira kuti ndi wosakadabwitsa kuti: Mwana woyamba School "ALIYENSE Eniel" adasiyidwa popanda zolemba, zomwe zimadalira ophunzira.
Agogo adamasulira mdzukulu m'sukulu yachiwiri, njanji, komwe Anna Svanchkova adaphunzitsa, bwenzi ndi mngelo wokoma mtima komanso mngelo wokoma mtima. Lev Gumilev adapanga abwenzi ndi aphunzitsi owerengera Alexander Peregon, yemwe adalembanso mbiri asanamwalire.
Mu sukulu yachitatu, yomwe imatchedwa Soviet 1 soviet, luso la zigawenga lowululidwa. Mnyamatayo analemba nkhani ndi nkhani mu nyuzipepala ya sukulu, atalandira ndalama imodzi mwa izo. Lev adakhala mlendo wokhazikika ku library, komwe amalankhula ndi malipoti. M'zaka izi, mavesi achilengedwe a Peterburger adayamba, "mavesi" oyamba "adawonekera, momwe mnyamatayo adasinthira abambo.
Amayi adapita ku Bezheatsk kwa mwana wake kawiri: Mu 1921, pa Khrisimasi, ndipo patatha zaka 4, m'chilimwe. Mwezi uliwonse adatumiza ma ruble 25, anathandizidwa ndi banjali, koma apa ndakatulo za mwanayo kudawachitikira.
Nditamaliza maphunziro kusukulu mu 1930, Lev adabwera ku Leningrad, kwa amayi ake, nthawi imeneyo amakhala ndi Nikola Pinduni. Mumzinda wa Neva, mnyamatayo anamaliza kuwerenganso kwa ophunzirawo ndikukonzekera kuvomerezedwa ku The HMENNOV Institute. Koma mawu a Gumaleva sanavomereze chifukwa chodana.
Nicholas Trin adakumana ndi achisoni ku fakitole. Kuchokera pamenepo, mkango unasinthira ku tram depoot ndikulembetsa ntchito yosinthanitsa ndi komwe adatumizidwa kwa maphunziro, komwe adakonzekereratu. Zaka zachuma, ulendowu unakonzedwa mwadongosolo, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito, sanayang'ane pafupi ndi komwe adachokera. Chifukwa chake Lev Gumilev mu 1931 adapita paulendo wopita ku Bajaker.
Cholowa
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa biograpars, a Levi a Guviler anapita maulendo maulendo 21. Paulendo, adapeza ndalama ndipo adadziona kuti ndi wodziyimira pawokha, osati wodalira amayi ndi punnin, yemwe si wovuta.
Mu 1932, leo anapita kwa miyezi 11 ku Tajiistan. Pambuyo pa kusamvana ndi mutu wa ulendowu (Gumileva kunanenedwa kuti akuphwanya lamulo - kuyesera kuphunzira maphiri) kukhazikika pafamu ya State: Kutengera miyambo ya m'ma 1930s, iwo analipira. Kulankhulana ndi Dehkans, Lev Gumilev adaphunzira chilankhulo cha Tajik.
Pambuyo pobwerera kunyumba mu 1933, zimatengera ndakatulo za olembalemba a Union Reviers, zomwe zidamubweretsa iye kupeza ndalama zochepa. Mu Disembala la chaka chomwecho, wolemba woyamba amangidwa, atagwira masiku 9, koma sanafunsidwe ndipo sanaweruze.
Mu 1935, mwana wamwamuna wa yunivesite iwiri yapamwamba adalowa ku Yunivesite ya likulu lakuthyolako, kusankha luso la mbiriyakale. Ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya yunivesiteyo anali Pentel Torah anali kugwira ntchito pavege, China Nikolai Kuner, yemwe wophunzirayo adatchula mphunzitsi ndi mphunzitsi.
Kugawidwa kwa anthu ophunzirawo ndipo kunayambitsa kusilira kungokondwerera chidziwitso chakuzama ndi kukhululukiridwa. Koma kwanthawi yayitali kuti mwana wa mwana wamwamuna "adawombera" mdani wa anthu "ndi poetesita ya anthu" ndi poetess omwe sanafune kuyimba dongosolo la Soviet, olamulira safuna. Mu 1935 iye anamangidwa kwa kachiwiri. Anna Akhmato anatembenukira ku Stalin Stalin, kufunsa kuti asiye anthu okwera mtengo kwambiri (nthawi yomweyo Pundin adachotsedwa ndi Gumulev).
Onsewa adamasulidwa kukapempha Stalin, koma Leo adachotsedwa ku yunivesite. Kwa wachinyamata, kuchotsera kwasanduka tsoka: katswiri wamakampani ndi buledi - kuchuluka nthawi imeneyo ndalama zomwe zimaloledwa kuti zichotse nyumba osatinso kufa ndi njala. M'chilimwe cha 1936, Lev adapita ku Don, pofukutira kwa Khatsar kukhazikika. Mu Okutobala, chisangalalo chachikulu cha wophunzirayo chinabwezeretsedwa ku yunivesite.
Chimwemwe Chokha Kutalika: Mu Marichi 1938, Mkango wa Guwaleva adamangidwa kachitatu, ndikumupatsa zaka 5 zakumasamu. Kumsasamu, wolemba mbiri wina adapitilirabe kulemba malingaliro, koma sizingatheke popanda magwero. Koma ndi bwalo la kulumikizana linali mwayi: pakati pa akaidi anali mtundu wa aluremiya.
Mu 1944, adafunsidwa kutsogolo. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri yophunzira, gwiritsani ntchito malo osungira ndege. Podzigwetsa, kubwerera mumzinda womwe Neva ndipo anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Eada. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940s anatetezedwa, koma sanalandire digiri ya munthu. Mu 1949, gulelev adalandira zaka 10 za m'misasa 10, kubwereketsa zonena za m'mbuyomu. Chilango cha wolemba mbiriyo chinali ntchito ku Kazakhstan ndi Siberia.
Kumasulidwa ndi kukonzanso zidachitika mu 1956. Pambuyo pazaka 6 zantchito ku Hermitage, Lev Gumileva adatenga dziko la Geogrance Lsu, komwe adagwira mpaka 1987. Chifukwa chake kupuma pantchito. Mu 1961, wasayamba wa asayansi ankateteza zigawo zake zadokotala pa mbiriyakale, ndipo mu 1974 mu 1974 mu geography (digiri yasayansi sinavomereze yak).
Mu 1960s, chigumula chimakhala ndi mwayi wogwira papepala kwatanthauzo pomaliza malingaliro okonda a Ethnogenesis, ndikuyika cholinga chofotokozera za kutheka. Anzathu ogwira nawo ntchito adatsutsa chiphunzitsocho mwa kumutcha za sayansi yonama.
Ambiri mwa olemba mbiri yakale ya nthawi imeneyo ndi ntchito yayikulu ya chigolire, chotchedwa "Ethnogenesis ndi chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi", sunatsimikizire. Wofufuzayo adaganiza kuti ndi mbadwa za ku Russia ndi mbadwa za ku Chitata zomwe zidatenga ubatizo, ndipo Russia - kupitiliza kwa HORDE. Chifukwa chake, Russia amakhala ku Russia-Mongol-Mongol-Mongolia, Euraian. Izi ndi za buku lotchuka la wolemba "ku Russia kupita ku Russia". Mutu womwewo ukupanga chiwonetsero "Rus wakale ndi wamkulu."
Otsutsa a Lev Gummimov, kulemekeza malingaliro atsopano a wofufuza ndi chidziwitso chachikulu, chotchedwa "wolemba mbiri yakale." Koma ophunzirawo adalondera Leo Nikolayvich ndipo adawona asayansi, anali ndi otsatira aluso.
M'zaka zotsiriza za moyo wake, ndakatulo zosindikizidwa, ndipo anthu amasiku a nthawiyo adazindikira kuti ndakatulo za Mwana siotsika pa luso laukadaulo la ndakatulo. Koma gawo la ndakatuloyi latayika, ndipo Levi Gailev analibe nthawi yofalitsa zolemba zomwe zasungidwa. Mtundu wa ndakatulo wa ndakatulo umakhala m'matanthauzidwe, omwe adadzipereka yekha ndakatulo: "mwana wamwamuna womaliza wa m'badwo wasiliva."
Moyo Wanu
Mwamunayo ndi wolenga komanso mwachikondi, kugundana, ku ukapolo wa kuwunika kwa akazi mobwerezabwereza. Mu uningrad yolumikizana, komwe amakhala, abwenzi, ophunzira ndi okondedwa adabwera.
Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1936, Lev Gumilev adakumana ndi a Mongolian adachitidwa ndi Namsericev. Phunziro lachinyamata lolemba, mkango wazaka 24, kumeta ndi kumeta ndi ulemu wa aristocrat, kunapangitsa chidwi. Pambuyo makalasi, awiriwa amayenda limodzi ku yunivesite ya yunivesite, amalankhula za Pustingkin, mbiri, ofukula zakale. Roman adakhalapo kumangidwa mu 1938.
Ndili ndi mayi wachiwiri, Natalia Varbania, adatcha mbalame, Gumilev adakumananso mulaibulale mu 1946. Koma kukongola komwe kumamukonda woyang'anira wake - wolemba mbiri yakale ya Medievist Vladimir Lublinsky.
Mu 1949, pamene wolemba komanso wasayansi adalowa m'ndende, Natalia ndi Lev adalembanso. 60 makalata achikondi adasungidwa zolembedwa ndi mgwirizano wa Gumule wa Boma la Boma la Varbanese. M'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za wolemba pali zithunzi zomwe adatumiza ku msasa. Pambuyo pobweza Lev Gumilev adasokonekera ndi Natalia, fano lomwe Lublin lidakhalabe.
Cha m'ma 1950s, mkango wa Nikolayerevich unaoneka ngati wokondedwa watsopano - wa Natia wazaka wazaka za Natalivich, yemwe adalowa mulaibulale ya Hermitage, patebulo. Pankhani yotsutsana, kugundana ngakhale mtsikanayo, koma makolo adalimbikira kuti pakhale maubwenzi. Mofananamo, C Kuzkavich Lev Nikolayvich amasamaliridwa ndi a Tatiana Kryukov, omwe amawerenga zolemba zake komanso mabuku ake.
Roman ndi Inna nemilovoy, wokwatiwa ku ma hermitage, atenga ukwati wabwino kwambiri wa wolemba mu 1968.
Ndili ndi mkazi wake Natalia Simonkaykaya, Phokoso la Moscow, laling'ono kwa zaka 8, Lev Gumilev adakumana ku likulu m'chilimwe cha 1966. Kuyanjana pang'onopang'ono, kunalibe kubowola kwa chidwi. Koma tonse pamodzi ndi limodzi ndi zaka 25, ndipo abwenzi a olemba adawatcha banja: Mkaziyo adadzipereka kwa mkazi waluso, kusiya maphunziro onse a cante, abwenzi ndi ntchito.
Kunalibe ana kuchokera kwa banja: Anakumana ndi atakumana ndi Gru Humilev adakwanitsa zaka 55, ndipo mayi alipo 46. Thangwi la Natalia Guileva ndi mavuto ake okhudzana ndi mkwatibwi. Nyumbayo, chifukwa cha ntchito yomanga itafika pafupi, adafunsa, awiriwo adasamukira ku nyumba pa kolomna, komwe adakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Masiku ano, wolemba nkhani zakale ndi wotseguka apa.
Imfa
Mu 1990s, matenda a Groumov adapezeka ndi sitiroko, koma wasayansi adatenga ntchito, osathamangira ndi kama. Patatha zaka ziwiri, adachotsedwa ndulu. Mnyamata wazaka 79 wa opaleshoni adadwala kwambiri - magazi adatseguka.
Masabata awiri omaliza a Gundilev anali mu chikomokere. Zinasiyidwa ku zida zothandizira moyo pa June 15, 1992.
Kuyika mwana wamwamuna wa Akhmatova pafupi ndi Alexander Nevsky Lavra, ku Nikolsky manda.
Mu Seputembala 2004, manda a mkazi wake adaonekera pafupi ndi manda a Leo Guleva: Natalia adapulumuka mwamuna wake zaka 12.
Zosangalatsa
- Ndi agalasi a Amayi sanalankhule zaka 5 za moyo wake. Pofunafuna, Akhmatova adatcha Leo "Ndinu mwana wamwamuna ndipo mwachita mantha anga".
- Gumilev sanalekerera mbatata ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amavutika kwambiri moyo wa ku Russia. Natalia Viktoroovna anali ndi pakati powerenga.
- Malo oyendetsa sitima a Gumulev adachokera kuti ola limodzi asananyamuke - bwanji ngati atumiza kale?
- Kwina, a Leviler adachezera nthawi yokhayo mu 1966, ndikupita ku Contalloologioloologioloologiologiolooloogion ku Prague.
- Pamapeto pa moyo, wolemba amaphunzira zopeka ndi sayansi. Amakonda ntchito ya Ray Bradbury, a Arkadey ndi Boris zidapha, Agatu Christie.
- Tendelev Terepo anali wolemera komanso kusuta. Iyenso ananena kuti "vodika ndi lingaliro la malingaliro". GUMENVV imasungunuka mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa "oyera oyera", kutsutsa ndudu yatsopano kuchokera ku Keen. Amakhulupirira kuti kusuta sikunali koopsa.
- Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri cha umunthu wa chigumula chinali Turkopilia. Kuyambira mu 1960s, adasaina makalata ake "aselala-beck" (kumasulira komwe kunatchulidwa pambuyo pa chilankhulo cha Turkic).
M'bali
- 1960 - "Hongna: Pakati Asia kalelo"
- 1962 - "feat Bakhrama Chibina"
- 1966 - "Kutsegulira Kwa Khaazaria"
- 1967 - "Turks wakale"
- 1970 - "Kusaka Ufumu Wopeka"
- 1970 - "ethnogeneis ndi ethnostherte"
- 1973 - "Hunny ku China"
- 1975 - "Zovala Zosalala"
- 1987 - "Zakachikwi kuzungulira Caspian"
- 1989 - "Ethnogeneis ndi fano lapansi"
- 1989 - "Rus wakale ndi wamkulu"
- 1992 - "Kuchokera ku Russia kupita ku Russia"
- 1992 - "Mapeto ndi chiyambi chatsopano"
- 1993 - "ethnophere: mbiri ya mbiri ya anthu ndi mbiri yachilengedwe"
- 1993 - "Kuyambira mbiri ya Eurasia"