Chiphunzitso
Cyril ndi Methodius adatchuka chifukwa cha dziko lonse lapansi monga zipinda za chikhulupiriro chachikristu ndi olemba a Alevic Abc. Bizinesi yochuluka kwambiri, cyril imadzipereka ngakhale yofunikira kwambiri, idapangidwa ngati munthu atamwalira. Komabe, masiku ano ndizotheka kudziwa mbiri yachidule yakutsogolo kwa alaliki awa ndi oyambitsa zilembo pogwiritsa ntchito ana. Abale ali ndi chisonyezo chawo, komwe akuwonetsedwa limodzi. Amalandira mapemphero onena za maphunziro abwino, mwayi kwa ophunzira, kuwonjezera malingaliro.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Cyril ndi Methodius adabadwira mumzinda wachi Greek wa Sununi (Thessaloniki tsopano m'banja la mkulu dzina lake mkango dzina lake mikango, yomwe olemba a madalitso a awiriwa amadziwika kuti "wokoma mtima komanso wolemera." Amonke amtsogolo adakula m'gulu la abale ena asanu.
Asanakhale wamwamuna, Mikhail ndi Konstantin anali atavala, ndipo woyamba anali wachikulire - wobadwa mu 815, ndipo konstantin mu 827th. Ponena za kuyanjanitsa banja m'mafanizo a olemba mbiri, mikangano siyikulembetsabe. Ena ali m'gulu la Asilavo, chifukwa anthu awa ali ndi a Slavic. Ena amati ndi Chibugarian ndipo, inde, mizu yachi Greek.
Anyamatawo adalandira maphunziro abwino, ndipo atadzipereka, mayendedwe awo adasiyana. Methodius adafotokoza mwachidule usilikali kuti ateteze kwa mnzake wokhulupirika wa banja ndi a Doros ngakhale kwa kazembe wa m'chigawo cha Byzantine. Pa "Slavic Prince" adadzikhazikitsa ngati wolamulira wanzeru komanso woyenera.
Kuyambira kwa Cyrill Kumayambiriro kwa mabuku owerenga, kugunda malo okhala ndi malingaliro abwino ndi mabungwe a Polyglot - mu Chichewa, adalemba Chihebri ndi Chihebri. Zaka 20, mnyamata, womaliza maphunziro a Magnavra, adaphunzitsa kale zoyambira zanzeru m'bwalo la khothi ku TSARRAD.
Utumiki wachikhristu
Cyriri anakana kukhala ndi ntchito yodzitukumula, ngakhale mwayi woterowo unaperekedwa. Ukwati wa mafupa a mkulu wa ofesi ya Pesarist ku Byzantium adatsegula chiyembekezo - utsogoleri wa dera ku Makedonia, kenako udindo wa gulu lalikulu. Komabe, akatswiri azaumulungu achichepere (Konstantin adatembenuka kokha zaka 15) adasankha kutsata njira ya mpingo.
Ataphunzitsa kale ku yunivesite ya ku Yunite, bambo amatha kupambananso mu mikangano yazamulungu poyerekeza ndi Aconigota, omwe nthawi ina anali kholo lakale la Yohane Grammar, lomwe limadziwikanso ndi dzina la Amoni. Komabe, nkhaniyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi nthano chabe.
Ntchito yayikulu ya boma la Byzantium nthawi imeneyo linali kulimbikitsidwa komanso lolimbikitsa la orthodoxy. Pamodzi ndi maboma, omwe amathana ndi mizinda ndi midzi, pomwe kukambirana ndi adani achipembedzo kunachitika. Anakhala mu 24, konstantin, atakhazikika ndi ntchito yoyamba kuchokera ku Boma - kuphunzitsa Asilamu panjira yoyenera.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, abale azaka za m'ma 900, charder kuchokera ku kukangana kwadziko, komwe kunapuma pantchito, komwe zaka 37 zidatenga positi. Komabe, Kirill sanalole nthawi yayitali kuti apumule: Mu 860, bambo wina adayitanitsa mpando wachifumu wa Emperor ndikulangiza kuti alumikizane ndi gulu la Khatsar.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti Khazar Kagan adalengeza za mkangano wotchuka, pomwe akhristu adafunsidwa kuti atsimikizire chowonadi cha chikhulupiriro kwa Yuda ndi Asilamu. Khazars anali wokonzeka kale kumbali ya orthodoxy, koma adakhazikitsa vutoli - pokhapokha ngati chigonjetso cha Byzantine chimatsutsana.
Cyril adatenga m'bale wake ndipo adakwaniritsa ntchito yomwe idaperekedwa pamapewa ake, koma pomwepo cholinga chinalephera kwathunthu. Mkhalidwe wa Khazar wachikhristu sunatero, ngakhale Kagian ndikuloleza anthu kuti abatizidwe. Ulendowu unachitika kwa okhulupilira chochitika cha mbiri yakale. Panjira, a Byzantines adayang'ana ku Crimea, komwe kirill adapeza zojambula za chisanu, papa Woyera, wachinayi, yemwe anali ataperekedwa ku Roma pafupi ndi ma Cherlones.
Abale amakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ina yofunika. Nthawi ina thandizo kuchokera ku Constantinople adafunsa wolamulira wa mayiko a Moravic (Ruvic State) Ristavin) RusstiSlav - mphunzitsi wazachikulu amafuna kuti anthu omwe ali m'chinenerocho adauza anthu za chikhulupiriro choona. Chifukwa chake, kalongayo adathawa kuutseko kwa mabishopu - Ajeremani. Ulendowu wasanduka chizindikiro - A Slavic Affav adawonekera.
Ku Moravia, abalewo adagwira ntchito yopotoza manja: adamasulira mabuku achi Greek, adaphunzitsa ma slavs a kuwerenga, makalata, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adaphunzira kupembedza. "Kuyenda" kunatenga zaka zitatu. Zotsatira za ntchitoyi zinagwira ntchito yayikulu pokonzekera ubatizo wa Bulgaria.
Mu 867, abale anayenera kupita ku Roma kuti ayankhe "mwano." Kirill ndi Methomment Tchalitchi cha kumadzulo, akuimba kuti awerenga maulaliki kuphatikizaponso ku Greek, Chilatini ndi Chilatini.
Paulendo wopita ku likulu la Italiya, adaima mchikumbumtima chowala, komwe adaphunzitsa anthu a bukulo. Kwa iwo omwe adafika ku Roma ndi zojambula za chisanu kotero tinali osangalala kuti Abambo atsopano Adrian II adalola kuti amapembedzere kupembedza ku matchalitchi. Mu msonkhano uno, Methodius adalandira Sigropian San.
Mosiyana ndi mchimwene wake, ma cyril amangotsala pang'ono kufa, adang'ambika kwa amonke - zinali zofunika. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mlaliki, Methodius, yemwe adatulutsa ophunzira, adabwerera ku Moravia, komwe adalimbana ndi atsogoleri achi Germany. Womwalirayo wa ku Rostisla adasintha Mbewa ya Svétopolk, yemwe adagwirizana ndi ndale za Ajeremani, omwe sanagwire ntchito mwakachetechete kugwira ntchito ndi wansembe wa Byzantine. Kuyesa kulikonse kuti musinthe chilankhulo cha Chilankhulo monga mpingo zidayimitsidwa.
Methodius ngakhale anali atakhala pansi pamapeto pake a amonke. Papapa a John Viii anathandiza kuti akhale mfulu, omwe adaletsa chiletso mpaka Memotoni m'ndende. Komabe, kuti musakamize zinthu, Yohane analetsa kupembedza ku Slavic. Maulaliki okhawo sanalange lamulolo.
Koma kusiya ku Tesaloniki pochita mantha kwawo komanso chiopsezo kunapitilizabe kugwirabe ntchito mobisalira ku Slavic. Nthawi yomweyo, malo osungira malo omwe anawabatiza ku Czech Prince, pomwe pambuyo pake anawonekera ku Khothi ku Roma. Komabe, mwayi adazida za Methodius - sanangolandira kulangidwa, ndipo nayenso ng'ombe ndi mwayi wotsogolera kupembedza ku Slavic. Posakhalitsa munthu asanathe kutanthauzira Chipangano Chakale.
Kupanga ABC
Abale ochokera ku Tesalonikov adalowetsa nkhaniyo monga opanga zilembo za Alevic. Nthawi ya zochitika - 862 kapena 863 chaka. Moyo wa Kirill ndi Methodius ukunena kuti lingaliroli lidabadwira mu 856, pamene abale pamodzi ndi ophunzira a Angeriria, Naum ndi chimbudzi adakhazikika paphiri laukali wa Olympronch ku Polychronch. Apa Methodiyo anali a Abbot.
Kulemba kwa zilembozi kumadziwika kuti Krill, ndipo chobisika ndi chiyani kwenikweni. Asayansi amakonda mawu, akuwonetsedwa ndi zilembo 38 zomwe zilimo. Ponena za Cyrillic, zinali zophatikizidwa ndi olambid. Komabe, ngakhale zitakhala choncho, wophunzirayo adagwiritsabe ntchito ntchito za Kirill - sizinatenge mawu a lilime, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri popanga zolemba.
Maziko a zilembozo anali ngati Tyrine Agiriki, makalatawo ndi ofanana kwambiri, motero mneni wasokonezedwa ndi zilembo za kumayiko ena. Koma chifukwa cha mawu achiberekero, malembedwe achiyuda adatenga, mwachitsanzo, "sh".
Imfa
Konstantin-Kirill paulendo wopita ku Roma adadwala matenda oopsa, ndipo pa February 14, 869 Adamwalira - tsikuli lachikatolika lidadziwika kuti ndi tsiku la oyera. Thupi lidapereka nthaka mu mpingo wa Roma wa Clement. Krill sanafune kuti m'baleyo abwerere ku Moravia kupita ku Moravia, ndipo asanayimbedwe, zinali zofunikira:
"Apa, m'bale wanga, tinali nanu nthawi ziwiri ngati zingwe, timalima mzere umodzi, ndipo ine ndimagwa ku nkhalango, ndikumaliza tsiku langa. A, ngakhale mumakonda phirilo, koma osati mogwera chifukwa cha phirilo kusiya sukulu yanu, chifukwa chani chomwe mungapulumutsire chipulumutso? "Methodius anapulumukanso wachibale wanzeru kwa zaka 16. Imfa imodzi, adadzilamulira kuti iwerenge mpingo kuti uwerenge ulaliki. Wansembeyo anamwalira pa kanjedza pa Epulo 4, 885. Methodius anathawa m'zinenelo zitatu - Chigriki, Chilatini, ndipo, mwachidziwikire, Slavic.
Pa post Methodius adasinthirako mapiri a Ophunzira, kenako zolengedwa za oyera mtima zinayamba kugwa. Ku Moravia, matembenuzidwe omasulirawo adaletsedwanso, otsatira ndi ophunzira adatsegula kusaka - adalondola, adagulitsanso ukapolo kapena kuphedwa. Mbali ya otsatira adathamanga m'maiko pafupi ndi khomo. Ndipo zikhalidwe za Scict zapereka, likulu la buku la The Moved linasamukira ku Bulgaria, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku Russia.
Oyera a Protoole aphunzitsi amapembedza kumadzulo ndi kummawa. Ku Russia, tchuthi chidakhazikitsidwa kukumbukira za abale - pa Meyi 24, tsiku la zikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe chimakondwerera.
Kukumbuka
Malo
- 1869 - Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mudzi wa Methodiviyka pafupi ndi Noverrossiysk
Matutu
- Chipilala kwa Cyril ndi Methodius pa mlatho wa mwalawo mu skopje, Makedonia.
- Chipilala kupita ku Kirill ndi Methodius ku Belgrade, Serbia.
- Chipilala kwa Cyril ndi Methodius ku Khanty-Mansuysk.
- Chipilala polemekeza Kirill ndi Methodius ku Tesaloniki, Greece. Sitampu mu mtundu wa mphatso idasamutsidwa ku Greece ndi tchalitchi cha Bulgaria Orthodox.
- Chithunzithunzi polemekeza Kirill ndi Methodius Kunyumba yadziko lonse la Oyera kwa Cyril ndi Methodius ku Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Basilica kukwera kwa namwali Mariya ndi oyera cyril cyril ndi Methodius ku Tellegrada, Czech Republic.
- Chipilala polemekeza Kirill ndi Methodius, kukhazikitsidwa pamaso pa nyumba yachifumu ku Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Chipilala kwa Cyril ndi Methodius ku Prague, Czech Republic.
- Chipilala kwa Cyril ndi Methodius ku OHerid, Makedonia.
- Cyril ndi Methodius akuwonetsedwa patsiku la 1000th ku Russia ku Vuliky Novgorod.
Mabuku
- 1835 - ndakatulo "Kirillo-Menodiada", Jan Halle
- 1865 - "Cyril-Mefodievsky Kusonkhanitsa" (Kusinthidwa ndi Mikhal Pogodin)
- 1984 - "Khazar Dictionary", Milarad Pavice
- 1979 - "Abale Sostong", Slav Karaslavov
Mafilimu
- 1983 - "Mfilorisi wa Konstantin"
- 1989 - "Abale Sostong"
- 2013 - "Cyril ndi Methodius - Atumwi a Atumwi"