Chiphunzitso
A John Zlattoust ndi amodzi mwa anthu olemekezeka kwambiri omwe amamangidwa mu oyera a oyera mu miyambo yachikhristu. Wophunzitsa zamaphunziro ndi St. Saicen aona kuti woteteza ndi wosauka wa ofooka ndi osauka, komanso omwe ntchito yawo imagwirizana ndi zojambulajambula: Malamulo, aphunzitsi. Ndipo izi siziri mwa mwayi, chifukwa nthawi ya moyo wa John, Zlatist chifukwa mphamvu ya mawu ndi chikhulupiriro zimathandiza anthu ambiri panjira yolungama ndikubwera kwa Mulungu.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A John Zlatist kuchokera kubadwa adalandira dzina la Johnlandstom. Tsiku lenileni la olungama silikudziwika. Amaganiziridwa kuti Woyera wamtsogolo adawonekera zaka 347. Amayi John - Antiokeya (tsopano ndi mzinda wa ku Hantakya kumwera kwa Turkey). Banja la mnyamatayo linali lodziwika bwino komanso lotetezedwa, koma bambowo ndi wankhondo wotchedwa masekondi - adasiya moyo wake pomwe John anali mwana woyera. Mayi wa Anfus anali kuchita maphunziro a ana.
Pa nthawi ya imfa ya mwamuna wake, Anfus anali ndi zaka 20 zokha. Komabe, mayiyo sanayang'ane wokondedwa watsopano, koma wodzipereka m'moyo wa ana (Yohane anali ndi mlongo amene, mwachidziwikire, adamwalira ali mwana). Ngakhale zovuta, avvus adayesa kupatsa Mwana wake maphunziro abwino. A John Podtanatar komanso a Sayansi (mabuku, nthano, nzeru), komanso zamaphunziro ndi kuphunzira za Malemba Opatulika. Chilengedwe cha Gitold ndi aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri adalola kuti John akhale munthu wophunzira kwambiri komanso wodziwa zonse.
Kulankhulana Ndi Bishopu Umuna Alendo Antiokesky adapangitsa John kuganiza zoti abatizidwe, ndipo mu 367 wansembe adabatizidwa a Johnlaust. Mkristu wopangidwa kumene kumene adatsata nsanje ya Malemba Opatulika ndipo adapita kutchalitchi cham'deralo. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, Mefti adakweza Yohane kumbali ya owerenga malembo, ndipo adatha kutenga nawo mbali popembedzera.
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mayi ake okondedwa atamwalira, John adaganiza zovomereza usiku. Pambuyo pa kanthawi, anaperekedwa ku Bishopani, koma Yohane anakana kulemekezedwa. Kenako olungama adalembedwa ndi ntchito yotchedwa "mawu asanu ndi limodzi onena za unsembe", komwe adafotokoza masomphenya ake a zomwe amayenera kukhala opatulika.
Pakapita kanthawi, John adakwaniritsa maloto onena za Hermit ndikusiya zonse zomwe adalipo. Kumpositi, mapemphero ndi malingaliro a Yohane adakhala zaka zinayi, pomvetsetsa nzeru zaumulungu ndi smoysya chikondi chadziko ndi zikhumbo.
Kuyesedwa koopsa, mosakayika, kunapindula ndi moyo wa Yohane, koma, mwatsoka, silinali mphatso ya dziko lapansi la olungama: thanzi la amuna lidayamba kulephera, ndipo adakakamizidwa kuti abwerere kwa ake Antiokeya waku Natiokeya. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa Yohane kudzadwala matenda a chapamimba, omwe amapezeka nthawi ya Thirnam.
Komanso munthawi imeneyi, olungama adalemba ntchito zingapo, zomwe zimakondabe zokhulupirira komanso zomwe zimakhala zachikhalidwe kulumikizana ndi mphindi.
Utumiki wachikhristu
Kubwereranso ku Sosait Society, Yohane anavomera kuvomereza mpingo San, ndipo mu 381 mu 381 maulendo anali ndi olungama a olungama a San Datakon, ndipo wazaka zisanu ndi mu Presby. Imodzi mwa ntchito za Yohane inali kuwerenga maulaliki. Maphunziro amalandila mu unyamata wake, mphatso ya Mawu, komanso chikhulupiriro chenicheni chinathandiza John kukhala mlaliki wotchuka. Anthu ochokera m'mizinda ina anayamba kumumvera, kumasulira kwa Yohane kunasamutsidwa pakamwa pa kamwa, ndi kumva kuchokera kwa mlaliki wa chipangano ndi kulimbikitsidwa kunali chimodzimodzi ndi madalitso a Mulungu.
Kwa mphatso yotere, mawu a mlaliki nickyoun atlatst. Kwa zaka 12, a John Zlalauto adalalikidwa m'Kachisi, wopezeka ndi matekedwe a Mawu a Mulungu, adalemba mapemphero ake a Malembo ndi mapemphero ndi malangizo a okhulupilira. Peru John Zlatou ndi ntchito za "mkazi wamasiye", "za kudalirika" ndi ena ambiri.
Mu 397, bishopu wamkulu wa makonda a Konstantinople amafa. Yohane adamsintha m'malo mwake ngati kholo lakale. "Ntchito" yapamwamba ngati iyi Yohane adayamba ndi kuyambira. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zikhale atsogoleri azipembedzo, Yohane ankagwiritsa ntchito kuchipatala ndi kuthandiza ndi maulendo osauka komanso oyendayenda. Mphete za kukoma mtima ndi chilungamo za Yohane zidafalikira pakamwa mpaka pakamwa, ndiye kuti dzina lake lidadziwika kwa okhulupirira.
Osati wopanda mikangano. Tsiku lina, ampatsa Euddoxia (wokwatirana wa Emperor Arkady) adalamula kuti achotse katundu wonse kuchokera kumasiye ndi ana a valmazby. A John Zlatoust anaimirira kwa mkazi wosalakwa wokhala ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, omwe anadalitsa mkwiyo ndi chidani chachikulu. Zinthu sizinachedwe kuti mugwiritse ntchito nsanje ndi ma Swibls: Posakhalitsa Euddoxy idanenedwa kuti Yohane akuti a John akuti adalalikira za akazi opuwala.
Joht wa zelatst anapereka khothi. Chilangowu chinali chonyansa: Olungama akadalandidwa kutchalitchi kutchalitchi, kenako nkuwanyoza. Komabe, a Emperor arkady adakhala munthu wachifundo komanso wachifundo. Wolamulira adasinthanso kuti aphedwe. KARAARAARA sanadzipangitse kudikirira: usiku womwewo m'mene John zlatst adachoka mumzinda, mwana wa euddoxy adamwalira ali ndi crib, ndipo chivomerezi chowopsa chidagwa mumzinda.
Kuthana ndi mkwiyo wa Mulungu, mkaziyo adanyamuka mwamuna wake kuti abwerere Yohane ku Konstantinontinople, kutumiza kumbuyo kwa munthu wolungama. Komabe, kuopa kokhazikika komwe kunayamba kumene ku Euddoxy - miyezi iwiri kale, ufumuwo udatseguliranso kukhothi motsutsana ndi John Wauaust, pokhulupirira chipembedzo china choyipa. Ndipo wolungama wolungama adadzudzulira ukapolo.
Pofotokoza zopanda chilungamo za chiganizochi, John adapempha kuti apeze pempho la Papa Snonkentia I. Ananyozedwa pa Yohane ndipo ngakhale okonzedwa ku Konstantino. Tsoka ilo, akazembe a paptaldators sanafike ku cholinga: woyamba ansembe adamangidwa, kenako adabweza.
Chifukwa chake John Zlattoust anali ku Armenia. Ngakhale kuti anachotsedwa kwa abwenzi, anthu ndi a parishi, olungama sasiya konse kutumikira Ambuye. Yohane ankalemba makalata, omwe anatumizidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza ku Constantinople. Mauthenga awa, ena omwe adapulumuka mpaka pano, ali ndi malangizo a okhulupilira, komanso mawu achithandizo ndi otonthoza kwa iwo omwe akufunika.
Imfa
M'nyengo yozizira, zaka 406 chimoyo cholungama chaipiraipira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha matendawa, John, zlattist kungotuluka pabedi. Komabe, izi sanaleke olamulira matauni: dongosolo linasindikizidwa pa kulanda John kwa Pythyant (tsopano kuli mzinda wa Pitsunda umene uli Abkhazia). Kusintha kwa miyezi itatu mumvula ndi dzuwa lolocha pamapeto pake kunapangitsa thanzi la John chattoust. Kuphatikiza apo, olungama amayenera kugwedeza monyoza komanso kunyoza.
Ioann sanafike ku Pythwanyte: Olungama anali m'mudzi wa Kona, olungama adapempha mgonero, atangomwalira. Malinga ndi nthano, mawu omaliza a John zTetoout anali: "Tiyamikani Mulungu pachilichonse." Bizinesi yapadziko lapansi ya a John Zlatroust inatha pa Seputembara 14, 407.
Mpaka 438, zotsalira za olungama zidayikidwa m'dera lamakono abkhazia, ku Koyav. Kenako polamula kuti kholo lakale la kubala, adasamutsidwira ku likulu. Malinga ndi nthano, fumbi la oyera lomwe lili m'bokosi linakhala lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo womwalirayo anponthentinople yemwe adamwalira ndi okhulupirira, nakhumba dziko kwa aliyense. Kumaso kwa oyera, a John Zlatoust adalemba mu 1568 ndi ADE Papa V.
Mu 1204, zinthu za John wa Zelatoust zimayendetsedwa kupita ku Roma, komwe adakhalabe ndi zaka mazana asanu ndi atatu. Ndipo mu 2004 mwa lamulo la John II II, omwe adalowa paparoli wa Roma, otsalira a woyera a woyera mtima adabwerera ku Konstantinople (tsopano mzindawu umatchedwa Istanbul). Tsopano mphamvu ya John, limodzi ndi zotsala, wazamulungu wambiri amapuma mu tchalitchi cha St. George ku Istanbul.
Woyera John watlastst amadziwika kuti ndi "mphunzitsi wamkulu." Panali chilungamo chachifumu cholungama - Katswiri wazachipembedzo komanso wamkulu kwambiri. Januware 30, okhulupirira, miyambo ya ku Byzantine iyi, konzani ntchito polemekeza tchuthi mu ulemerero wa oyera mtima awa.
Kuphatikiza apo, pa Januware 27, tsiku la kutha kwa moyo wapadziko lapansi la John Zlatroust limakondwerera, ndipo pa Novembara 13, limawerengedwa tsiku la Woyera (tsiku la chokhazikitsidwa ndi John ku San Archriaple).
M'mayiko John, zTTeoust akuwonetsedwa ndi Lemba loyera m'manja mwake. Ili ndi chikumbutso cha wokhulupirira kuti pakamwa pa munthu wapadziko lapansi uno adathandizira kumasulira ndikumvetsetsa uthenga wa Mulungu. Amakhulupirira kuti fanizo ili limathandiza kuchotsa zosowa ndi njala, komanso chifukwa cha nzeru m'banjamo (komanso nthawi yaumoyo wa olungama, ndikuthandizira pakufunika kwa olimbikitsa ndipo khonsolo lidathandiza mawu).
Komanso, chithunzi cha John cha Zelatoust chimatchedwa mascoot, oteteza milandu - anthu omwe amathandiza kudziwa ndi mphatso kwa ena. Makolofe a ana omwe sangalankhule kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri ndimawapemphereranso kuti apemphere kwa woyera mtima uja. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhulupirira kuti John Woyerawo amathandiza kuchotsa kaduka komanso umbombo, komanso monga iyenso, kamodzi, atapirira ndi zizolowezi izi.
Kukumbuka
- Januware 30 - Tsiku la St. John Zlatist, wazachipembedzo wazachipembedzo kwambiri
- Januware 27 - Tsiku la Imfa ya A John Zlatist
- Novembara 13 - St. John wa ZTlaust