Chiphunzitso
Wolemba wa Sovien Soviet ndi ndakatulo, Sponsewwwot, Satirik ndi Kinoster Yuli Olesha Reser-nthano zokhala ndi maziko a zojambulajambula ndi mafilimu ojambula.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba wokondedwa ndi mamiliyoni adabadwa mu 1899 ku Elisovetgrad (tsopano Kupyvyvytsky). Genlus ndi wokalamba, mizu yake imayendetsedwa kuchokera ku Zaka za XV, kuyambira boyarin Oleshi Petrovich, yemwe amateteza Kalori a Bergoyk . Orthodox Olleha Petrovich adalumikizidwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala Chikatolika.
Zaka mazana awiri atangochitika gawo la Commonwealth of Dermaso, ufumu wa ku Russia waku Russia udadutsa, ndipo Oleshi adadzakhala olemekezeka a Belari, kusiya chilankhulo cholumikizirana. Abambo a wolemba mtsogolo - Karl Olesha - inali yovomerezeka komanso yodziwika bwino: anali ndi malo omwe nkhalangoyi imatchedwa "mayunitsi". Karl ndi m'bale - otchova juga - adagulitsa malo kuti apeze ngongole.
M'mapulogalamu a kukumbukira kwa ana a Yuri, Oleshi adakhalabe wokwera ma fries, moyo wokhala ndi nyumba yapamwamba komanso yofinya chifukwa cha omwe tawara ndi mochedwa amabwerera kuchokera ku zibonga. Pambuyo pake, Olesha adzalemba kuti "zibonga ndi imodzi mwa mawu akulu a ubwana wanga." Amayi Yuri - wojambula waluso komanso wokongola olga, womwe umatchedwa Rafael.
Yuri amakhala ku Elisovetgrad kwa zaka zitatu zoyambirira, kenako banjali linasamukira ku Odessa. Kuleredwa kwa mnyamatayo kunali pachiwonetsero cha agogo a agogo a ku Poland. Zosinthira Zizochitika Mecharbuazbuazyaya Banja Olezha adatenga nthawi yayitali. Kufika ku Odessa cha nkhondo yopanduka "Potemkin" kunayambitsa mantha ndikuyembekezera kutha kwa moyo wopambana.
Pa 11, Yuri anayamba kuphunzira masewera olimbitsa thupi a Richelia. Wachichepere wachichepere wonenepa mkalasiwa anali ndi mantha: kulowa m'munda wa chilonda cha Olesce Oleshi amatanthauza kukhala chete kwa onse ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Poyamba ndiye mnyamatayo anali ndi zongopeka kwambiri ndipo anagona pansi.
Mizere yoyambirira ya Yuri Olesha adalemba mu sekondale. Ku Odessa "Southern Herald" Kubweretsa kalembedwe kwa wachinyamata kunachitika: Ofesi ya Ordial adatenga ndakatulo "COPrmomnd" kuti musindikize. Mu 1917, Yuri Olesha adalandira satifiketi yakukula ndikulowa ku Yunivesite ya Odessa posankha luso la malamulo.
Malembo
Achibale omwe sanavomereze kusintha kwa Poland, ndipo anakana ndipo anakhalabe ku South Parmyra, komwe moyo walembedwa unali kuwira. Pamodzi ndi Valentin Kataev ndi Ilya Ilfim, adalowa nawo ndakatulo ". Mudzi wa kunyanja wakuda, wina pambuyo pa wina adayamba kucheza. M'mabwana 8 a ku yunivesite ya Lachinayi ya Lachinayi itamange masana a atodi aluso. A Vumi May Otchedwa Nikolai Gumileva, Alexander Blok, Igor Novertherner.
Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa Oleshi - kusewera kotchedwa "Mtima Wamng'ono" unachitika ku Odessa. Adayikidwa ndi mamembala azungulira zolembedwa. Zolemba zalembazo zidatayika, koma polenga zojambula za wolemba, kusewera kwachita mbali: Yuri adamva mayankho oyamba.
Mu 1920s, ngale ya m'nyanja, yemwe anali kusuntha mobwerezabwereza kuchokera m'manja kuti, adatenga gulu lankhondo lofiira. Mafunde othawirako amabweretsedwa kwa anthu onse ochokera ku Ufumu wowonongedwa. Wolemba ndakatulo ndi a Grorisyiik Vladimir Narbut adafika mumzinda, zomwe zidapangitsa moyo wa yulhi.
Tsopano odessa olemba akusokonekera ku zikwangwani ndi timapepala, zomwe zimachitika mu zikopa zogwira ntchito, zomwe zimatsegulidwa m'malo odyera omwe kale anali ndi malo odyera ndi ma caf. Kusewera kwatsopano kwa oleshi "Plach Plach" pa siteji ya zisudzo za Satore.
Chapakatikati pa 1921, Olesha ndi Kataev adasunthira kumbuyo kwa Pularkkov, komwe wolemba adapatsidwa bungwe la Wikraine wa Tekrain. Yuri Olethe adakhazikika mu "zisudzo" za "balant", koma chaka pambuyo pake kampaniyo idasamukira ku likulu. Ku Moscow, Odessans adakhazikika m'nyumba ya wolemba ndipo adapeza ntchito ku nyuzipepala ya Gudok, pa masamba omwe mikhal bulgakov, Ilya Ilf ndi Yevgeny Perrov adasindikizidwa. Wolemba anati "Gudkovsky" nthawi yabwino kwambiri m'moyo.
Yuri adatumikira mu dipatimenti yazidziwitso komwe maenlopes ndi zilembo za okonza: ku Moscow, atayamba kuwonongeka kwa Odessa, Olesha adayamba ntchito yake. Chaka chotsatira, mutu wa dipatimentiyi, kuwerenga zolemba za wogonjera, kupatsidwa kuti alembe chiwidzi m'mavesi. Kwa funso loti asaine, adalangiza "chitseu".
Chodetsa chowongola bwino. Mu "bepi" wina ataonekera kopangidwa ndi ma Ferlon atsopano omwe amasainidwa ndi "chizel". Zipangizo zotsekeredwa zidayambitsa matenda osakhazikika omwe adalemba za kuba, kulimba mtima, magwiridwe antchito ndi zilonda zina zamisinkhu. Owerenga ndakatulo yoyera yoyera ya Yury Oleshi ankakonda, adafika pamazana a mayankho.
Mu 1924, wolembayo adafotokoza owerenga Bayibulo Sciepis Slouay - Book-nthano "za abambo atatu". Adasindikizidwa zaka 4 pambuyo pake. Lingaliro lolemba nthano yochokera ku Yuri Oleshi ku Hostel "Hoodkey" (Ichi ndi chipinda chake chopanda mipando kumbuyo kwa gawo la Chlipping Ilf ndi Petter ". Pazenera moyang'anizana ndi wolemba adawona kukongola kwachichepere, kuwerenganso mwachangu buku. Mtsikanayo adatchedwa Valentina wa arinade. Pambuyo 4 zaka, adadzakhala mkazi wa Evgen Petrov.
Ndipo apamba a Valea wazaka 15, wokondweretsedwa, wokondweretsedwa powerenga nthano za nthano kuti atchule nthano yabwino kuposa ya dane. M'nyumba yosindikiza idagwira pepala ndipo, ndikugudubuza pansi, bukulo lidalemba usiku. Makina oyamba anali odzipereka kwa Valentina wa ruunzide.
Ode ode ankangoganiza za mafuta am'madzi. Nkhani yachibadwa yokhala ndi chiwembu chosinthika chowerenga mosavuta, zopeka komanso zopeka za wolemba komanso aluso amasilira ana ndi akulu. Mu 1930s, nthanoyi idangophunzitsidwa ku MCAT. Kubwezeretsa kachiwiri kumamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo 17 ndipo masiku ano kumayikidwa pazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1966, alexen Baalov ndi Joseph Shapiro adachotsa chithunzicho "Abambo atatu".
Posindikizidwa, nthanoyi idabwera pokhapokha ngati zikuyenda bwino kwambiri pakhungu lachiwiri la Oleshi, yemwe adatuluka mu 1927 oitanidwa. Buku lonena za tsoka la anzeru pambuyo potembenukira litawerengedwa bwino kwambiri mu cholowa cha Yuri Oleshi. Wolota kuchokera ku "nsabwe" Nikolai Kavalerov, momwe zikhalidwe za wolemba zimaganiziridwa, anthu omwe amadziwikanso nthawi ya ngwazi. Pakati pa 1930s, malo a Abulamu adachotsa seweroli "Mnyamata Wokhazikika."
Buku lalikulu la bukuli linatsegula njira ya "amuna atatu onenepa": Katswiri "wakale" sanasindikizidwe chifukwa cha kukana kwa mtundu wa chibwenzi cha achinyamata.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930s, Olesha adalemba "kanya kansanje" kusewera "chizolowezi champhamvu", koma openyerera adatsutsidwanso m'mbuyo ndikuletsedwa. Wolemba adalemba ntchitoyi, ndikuyitanitsa "mndandanda wake" wake ". Mu 1931, sewerayo idatenga ku AItate rettolod Meyer. Kupanga kunapita nyengo itatu mu okonda anthu ambiri, koma posakhalitsa anabwera pansi pa chiletso: Akuluakulu anapezanso kramol.
Wolemba anali chete kwa nthawi yayitali. Anzathu ambiri, abwenzi apamtima, Oleshi woponderezedwa, ndipo chiletsocho chinaikidwa pantchito yake. Kuyamba kwa nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko yuni Olesha adapulumuka pochotsa ku Turkmenistan.
Mabuku oletsedwa pamabuku adachotsedwa mkati mwa 1950s, koma Olezha adalemba pang'ono. Awa anali kukongola kwambiri m'mabuku a kalasi - Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Yuri Karlovich anali atakhala kumbuyo kwagalasi mu lesitilanti ya nyumba ya olemba, pomwe ogwira nawo ntchito anali olemekezeka kuti amulemekeze. Zolemba za zigawozo, zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa ndikufalitsidwa atamwalira koyambirira kwa 1960s, kuchitira umboni za mphatso yopanda chidwi cha wolemba.
Moyo Wanu
Makina a atsikana a Suok kuchokera ku "amuna atatu onenepa" anali alongo lydiya, Olga ndi Seraphim, yemwe amavala dzina lomweli. Ndi atsikana, Yuri adakumana ku Odessa, komwe banja laomwe kale la ku Austrian linakhazikika.
Mwezikulu wawo, Simi, Yuri Olezha adayamba kukondana. Iwo amakhala muukwati waboma kwa zaka zitatu, koma mphepo yosungirako mphepo yamvula idathawa ku Oleshi. Kwa nthawi yachiwiri - kwa bwenzi Vladimir Natulu.
Cha m'ma 1920, wolembayo anakwatirana ndi azilongo apakati - olga, omwe adakhalako kumapeto kwa masiku. Panalibe ana wamba, ndipo Yuri Karlovich anakweza mwana wa Olga kuchokera ku banja loyamba.
Imfa
Moyo wa Yuri Oleshi wachepetsa kumwa kwambiri. Atatsala pang'ono kufa, wolemba, m'matumba omwe mphepo yomwe idayenda, idafunsa anzake, kodi ndi maliro amtundu wanji omwe amaperekedwa. Adayankha kuti njira yomaliza idachitikira m'gulu lalitali kwambiri. Ndi chipongwe chowawa, Olessha adafunsa ngati sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lotsika, ndipo kusiyana kukapereka ndalama tsopano.
Anamwalira wolemba munthawi ya 1960. Anaikidwa m'manda pa Novodevichy. Malowo adatengedwa pa "gulu lalikulu" - mu mzere woyamba wa gawo loyamba.
M'bali
- 1920 - ndakatulo ya Agasfete
- 1920 - ndakatulo ya Beatrice
- 1920 - Gawo "Plaki"
- 1924 - nthano "abambo atatu"
- 1927 - Chiroma "
- 1929 - Chidule "chanzeru"
- 1930 - Mndandanda "Wamkulu"
- 1934 - Strenario "Waunyamata Wokhazikika"
- 1938 - Asitikali "a Botov
- 1939 - Injiniya "Wovuta wa Cochin"
- 1958 - Chigawo "Idiot"
- 1959 - Gawo "Maluwa"
- 1959 - chidutswa "cha Pomerazate"
- 1961 - Diari "Palibe Tsiku Popanda Chingwe"