Chiphunzitso
Cholembera chakuthwa cha wafilosofi ndi Chingerezi ndi Satiri Jonathan Swift adapanga phokoso lambiri m'moyo wake. Wolemba anali kukumbukira kuti ndi wolemba mapepala omwe anapatsidwa ihule kwambiri, ndipo padziko lapansi anali wotchuka chifukwa cha Roma "a Gulner". Switft nthawi zonse obisika pansi pa pseudonym kapena sanalongosolere wolemba konse, koma owerenga adamuzindikira.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba zam'tsogolo adabadwira ku Dublin pa Novembara 30, 1667 - miyezi iwiri atamwalira, woweruza wachipongwe. Mnyamatayo adasankha dzina la kholo - Yonatani. Mkazi wa Mkulu wa mkulu wasunthika anakhalabe ndi ana awiri ali m'manja mwake ndipo popanda chiwonetsero, kumene, anakhala mwana wopweteka kwambiri ndi matenda obadwanso ndi matenda obadwa.
Mtendere wamtendere kwakanthawi, Amayi anaganiza zoti a Yonatani ataleredwa ndi mchimwene wa mnzake wa mochedwa, Godi Goolina anafulumira, yemwe anali pa nkhani yabwino m'toya.
Mnyamatayo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Ireland "Kilkerchny", zaka zambiri kusukulu anali ndi nkhawa - ndinayiwala za mfulu, koma ndi moyo wosauka, ndikusintha kuzengereza kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka 14, a Jonathan adalowa ku Titi University ku Dublin University, kuchokera komwe adasiya kuchuluka kwa Bachelor komanso kunyansidwa ndi sayansi.
Malembo
Mbizinesi yopanga wolemba idayamba nthawi yosinthira ku England. Amalume adayamba nkhondo, ndipo nkhondo yapachiweniweni idayambika kudziko lakwawo. Jonathan Strat adafuna kupeza ndalama modziyimira pawokha, ndipo adayamba kutuluka kwa mlembi wa mlembi wa mlembi wa wolemera ndi wapakhomo la William William Kachisi. Wolemba waku Novice adapereka ufulu waulere ku laibulale yolimba ya abwana.
Kuyendera Kachisiyu kunali kutchuka ndi nthumwi za Bohemia za nthawi imeneyo, kulumikizana ndi komwenso kunakonza dothi la olemba mwachangu. Ophunzira ndakatuloyo, ochokera ku ndakatulo komanso nkhani zazifupi, Yonatani analowa m'mabuku, m'tsogolo mwake anathandizanso kuti apindule.
Kuchokera ku Britain, Switft anabwerera kudziko lakwawo kawiri. Mu 1694, mnyamata, atamaliza maphunziro agawikidwe ku Oxford, adavomereza San wa Tchalitchi cha Anglican ndikukhala wansembe kutchalitchi chaching'ono cha Ireland. Ndipo kenako anapitilizabe kutumikila ku Metropolitan ku Cathedral of St. Patrick. Mofananamo, imakhala yolemba makilogalamu owala, akuthwa kwambiri kwa tsikulo.
Komabe, maudindo a wansembe Jonatani atopa msanga, nafika ku England. Pano, kuchokera pansi pa cholembera chake, ndakatulo zingapo zinatuluka, komanso mafanizo a "nkhondo ya mabuku" ndi "barchk". Ntchito yomaliza yatchuka kwambiri - anthu ankamukonda, ndipo mpingo udatsutsidwa, ngakhale kuti wolemba sankaganiza kudzudzula achipembedzo, kungonyada.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti, luso la wolembayo silinatiulutse - ntchito zonse zidalengezedwa mosadziwika. M'tsogolomu, lingaliro la Jonathan Swift silinasinthe. Komabe, aliyense amadziwa yemwe anali wolemba mabuku a satirika uyu, ndakatulo ndi opuse.
Healday wa talente ya Satyric ya wolemba adagwa mu 1710s. Jonathan Stitft adapeza ufulu wakudzilamulira, ndikunena za Dean of the Caan of the St. Patrick, ndikusangalala ndi mabuku. Ndakatulo zake, zolembera ndi zolemba zinadzazidwa ndi mkwiyo pankhani ya kupanda chilungamo, kulamulira anthu, kutsutsa kwa mphamvu ndi chipembedzo. Mu 1720, vuto la kudziikira kwawo ku Ireland limakhala mutu wazokhazo, womwe Britesi adayesa kuwonongeka.
Wokhuza wachibale ndi ulemu kugwa pa Yonatani atatha "makalata a Sukrobrik", yomwe inatuluka kuchokera ku makina obiriwira ndi anthu masauzande ambiri. Adayitanitsa kunyalanyaza ndalama za Chingerezi ndipo osagula zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa ku Britain. Mphepo yamkwiyo, kotero kuti London idakakamizidwa kusintha kazembeyo, yemwe adakhazikitsa ndalama zomwe zingasonyeze kuti "zilembo."
Kuyesera kuti olakwirawo anali chabe pachabe, ndipo England amayenera kupitilira pachuma. Pambuyo pa zochitika izi, othamanga adamangidwa muudindo wa National ngwazi, zojambula zake zidaphedwa Dublin yonse. Posakhalitsa zina zachitika, nthawi ino za mawu akuthwa pa umphawi. Wolembayo adalangiza boma, lomwe silikutha kudyetsa achinyamata, kugulitsa ana pa nyama ndi khungu.
Pakugwira ntchito pachiwonetsero chodziwika bwino kwambiri ponena za maulendo a Gullivier atakhala pansi kumayambiriro kwa 20s ya zaka za zana la 18. Mabuku awiri oyambilira a ntchito yabwino, kunyoza zinthu ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa anthu, kunatuluka mu 1726, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo, owerenga adalandira mavoliyumu awiri. Dokotala wa sitima ya Gulliver amakumana ndi tchire ndi miyambo ya mayiko a Lilipots, zimphona ndi mahatchi oyenera, anthu am'madzi, ngakhale mmalowa m'masiku amenewo ku Europe Japan.
Tetralogy idachita bwino kwambiri m'tsogolo, m'tsogolo mwake idayamba mabuku ndi kudzoza kwa oyang'anira makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ngakhale ku Russia, mabukuwo adagwa mwachangu: Mu 1772, adamasulira kuchokera ku wolemba waku France Yerofey Karkavin. Poyamba bukuli linali ndi dzina lozungulira, limatanthauzira lolondola la choyambirira -
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa Jonathan Sterfard amawoneka mwachilendo. Wolemba ankalumikizana ndi maubwenzi ndi atsikana awiri omwe dzina lake Esther.
Zaka za ntchito, Kachisi, mnyamata wina anakumana ndi nyumba yake ndi mwana wamkazi wazaka 8 wa 14on Johnson. Kusiyana zaka 15 sikunasokoneze anzawo: Yonatani adakhala mlangizi ndi mphunzitsi wa mtsikanayo, yemwe amatchedwa Stella, ndi wokondedwa ndi wokondedwa. Popatukana, wolemba gallifer analemba tsiku ndi tsiku ndi wachifundo, wamalonda, amene anatembenuka atamwalira m'buku la "diaries wa Stella".
Amayi a atamwalira atamwalira, ana amasiye atamwalira ku Ireland, kukakhazikika m'nyumba ya okondedwa ake, ngakhale kuti mtsikanayo sanalinso mwana wa wolemba. Banjali likusonyeza kuti mu 1716 banjali ngakhale linakwatirana, koma sanalandire mfundo imeneyi yotsimikizira.
Mkazi wina yemwe Fleff adawoneka mchibwenzi kuyambira 1707, wotchedwa Esther Vanoversi. Mtsikanayo yemwe anali wamasiye wokhala ndi dzanja lofatsa la Jonathan amavala Vanessa dzina. Amadziperekanso kukhudza, makalata achisoni.
Vanessa wamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu mu 1723, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu Stella adamwalira. Wolemba anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za kumwalira kwa amayi okondedwa, mavuto awa anathetsa thanzi ngati thupi komanso lamaganizidwe. Koma bamboyo anafunikabe kupita njira yayitali ya moyo.
Imfa
Zaka zingapo zisanati imfa ya Jonatha asanamwalire matenda odwala. M'makalata, abwenzi adadandaula za osauka komanso chisoni chonse. Vuto la malingaliro linapita, ndipo mu 1742 wolemba anapulumuka yemwe waphalitchi ndipo anayamba kusuntha konse - sanathe kusuntha, kulankhula zotayika. Munthuyo adasankhidwa. Satiri anamwalira kudziko lakwawo mu Okutobala 1745.
Wothamanga wokonzekera kuphedwa mu 1731 polemba ndakatulo ya "ndakatulo yakufa ya Dr. Swift" M'chaka cha 40, Elitaph adafikiridwa kuchokera ku cholembera, cholembedwa pamtandapo, ndipo adazunguzika pafupifupi zowonjezera pomanga chipatala kuti chipatala. Wolemba adamwalirayo adamwalira, chipatala cha St. Patrick for Imbecil ", zitseko zomwe zidatsegulidwabe.
M'bali
- 1697 - "Nkhondo ya Mabuku"
- 1704 - "nthano za mbiya"
- 1710-1714 - "Diary ya Stella"
- 1726 - "Kuyenda Gulyer"