Chiphunzitso
Wotchuka Russian mbuye, wotchuka kupanga zodzikongoletsera mazira, n'zosadabwitsa woonda ndi filigree, amadziwika aliyense. M'pofunikanso kuti "Faberge Mazira", monga malingaliro ntchito zodabwitsa za luso ku zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala, amene anali kunyadira banja August.
Mu mitsempha ya mbuye aluso magazi German ndipo Franco-Chidanishi anali loyenda kusakanizikana kwa Estonia, koma ndendende Karl Faberge, amene adayima pa mutu wa dera German ku St. Petersburg, anaika Russian zodzikongoletsera sukulu, waukulu mfundo umene unali wopanda khalidwe.
Nthawi, Faberge zodzikongoletsera nyumba awonekere amagulitsa nsombazo dziko ndi kupita ogula kwa mamilioni a madola.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A jeweler tsogolo anabadwa m'chaka cha 1846 ku likulu la kumpoto. Mayi wa mbuye wotchuka - Dane Charlotte Jungststt, mwana ziboliboli. Atate Gustav Faberge anabadwa mu Liflandia (a Baltic German) ku chiwerengero French-Guenotov, amene anapita ku Prussia pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti ya Nange Edicta. Mu 1840s oyambirira, Gustav Faberge anayambitsa zodzikongoletsera msonkhano mu mzinda, koma patatha zaka 20 anasamukira ku Dresden.
luso Luso ku Karl anabwera ku ubwana. mwana The bwino lomwe chidwi zodzikongoletsera chibwenzi bambo ake anapereka maphunziro kwapadera: ku St. Petersburg, mnyamata chinaperekedwa ku zolimbitsa thupi payekha. Ndiye mnyamata anaphunzira bizinesi malonda ku Dresden.
Titayenda ulendo wautali pakati pa mizinda ya Europe, Karl anaphunzira zodzikongoletsera mu Frankfurt ku Master Joseph Friedman.
Atapachikidwa kudziwa luso, Faberge anaphunzira kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito ndi anabwerera ku North Palmyra mu 1864. Mu msonkhano wa bambo ndi Hermitage, ndi jeweler wamng'ono ndikubwezeretsedwanso ndi zodzikongoletsera wakale.
Mu 1872, Gustav Faberge, amene ankakhala Dresden, m'manja mwa mwana 25 wazaka ulamuliro ndi udayesedwa mutu wa olimba St. Petersburg. Poyamba, antchito 100 boma lake anazilemba: ambuye ambiri mwaluso Karl ndinayang'ana pamene iye anayenda mu Europe.
Zodzikongoletsera Business
Patatha zaka 10, nyumba za Nyumba ya Faberge anagwa ku Moscow luso ndi mafakitale chionetsero, kumene iwo anaona ndipo anayamikira mfumu Alexander III. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndi yonena za Jewelela ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi banja lachifumu, zomwe patronizes Karl Faberge ndi popularizes zopangidwa ku Europe. Romanovs Analamulidwa kuti miyala yamtengo wapatali zodzikongoletsera, omwe akutipatsa achibale Denmark, Britain, Greece.
Mu 1900th roust, dzina la "Master of Parish of Paris of Terwelers" adalemekezedwa ndipo dongosolo la bungwe lolemekeza lidakhazikitsidwa ndi Napoleon adawonetsedwa. Pa lalikulu apanyanja msewu mu mzinda, nyumba zikuluzikulu za kampaniyo anaonekera: m'nyumba udaikidwa ndi wachibale banja - Karl Schmidt. Pansi pa pansi panali zokambirana ndi malo ogulitsira, pansi ena atatu adatenga banja.
Dzira lokongola la faberi la Faberi linaonekera mu 1885. Ndidalamulira mfumu yomwe mkazi wa Maria Federovna ngati mphatso ya Isitala. Dzira limatchedwa "nkhuku" kapena "nkhuku". Poyerekeza ndi ena onse, malonda amawoneka osavuta: Pamwamba pa enamel oyera, mkati - mu Golden "Yolk" - nkhuku yopangidwa ndi golide, momwe korona wa ruby anali kubisala.
Lingaliro la dzira lomwe linadabwitsidwa, alibe ku Karl Faberge: Makope oyamba a mazira adatuluka mu Nthambi ya XVIII. mankhwala amenewa anali mu chuma cha Mfumu Denmark, atate wa mkazi wa Alexander III, nee Maria Sophia Frederica Dagmar. Mfumu ya ku Russia inkafuna kuti mkazi wake akhale mphatso yake yomwe ingakumbutse kudziko lakwawo.
Mfumukazi Isitala anadabwa zinandisangalatsa Karl Faberge anakhala bwalo jeweler ndipo analandira kuti: chaka chilichonse kusangalatsa August banja ndi watsopano dzira wamtengo wapatali ndi chinsinsi a. Nicholas II adalandira chipembedzo ndipo adakonzanso dongosolo: Karl Faberge pachaka kwa Isitala adatulutsa mazira awiri - amayi a Mfumu ndi mkaziyo.
The sewero dzira anali ovomerezedwa ndi mutu wa malonda nyumba, kenako ambuye bwino anatengedwa ntchito. Mbiri idasunga mayina a Mikhal Phirrin (Karellian Nugget), Augustus Holstrom, Eric Collin. Ndi Nyumba Yamanov Inriber Faberge adakwera antchito 500.
"Fashion" chifukwa mphatso ya Isitala mazira Faberge, amene Romanov kunachitika anafalikira Europe: madongosolo analandira Russian zodzikongoletsera nyumba kuchokera kunja. Amadziwika kuti ndi zinthu 15, zomwe a Karl Faberge adapanga wogolide wagolide Alexander Kelha. Otsala 8 mazira mbuye ndi ophunzira ake anachita kwa Felix Yusupov, ndi Duchess wa Malboro, Rothschilds.
Zinthu za Jussian Jeweler zidagunda zosankha zosayembekezeka. Karl Faberge adayesa molimba mtima: Maziko a Brooches atha kupanga karelch birch, kuchira nkhuni m'ma diamondi. Nthawi zambiri ankagwira ntchito ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndipo zida zamtengo wapatali zimawerengedwa kuti "zosavomerezeka". Koma ntchitoyi idasindikizidwa kotero kuti adamenya makasitomala ofunikira kwambiri.
msonkhano Faberge anali wotchuka chifukwa enamel lapadera: mazana a mtundu mumthunzi ndi guilloche njira (notches unatengera pa maziko chachikulu, TACHIMATA ndi zigawo za varnish) anatembenuka mankhwala mu mwaluso lapansi. Owola zithunzi, mawotchi, mabokosi, tobacker ndi setles ngati wotchuka kuchokera mkati ndipo ankaoneka Mipikisano magawo.
Malonda nyumba kutulutsa onse zodzikongoletsera za mtengo lowoneka ndi mankhwala a kuŵeta. Mu 1914, mndandanda wa zipinda mkuwa mkuwa, akaidi anafika. Koma ulemerero wamkulu wa nyumba anabweretsa zodzikongoletsera mazira Faberge wa Isitala: kwa banja lachifumu mu msokhano uno, makope 54 zinalengedwa.
Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma ndi fakitale ndi masitolo ya mfumu Jeweler nationalized. Mu Petrograd, ndi Bolsheviks expropriated mankhwala atha ndipo nkhokwe ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo, popanda kulipira palibe cholembera chipukuta misozi. Mankhwala ena anakwanitsa akachotse ana a Karl Faberge kwa Finland.
Inalandidwa katswiri wa mphamvu anagulitsa, nadzaza chuma cha boma wamng'ono. mazira Six Isitala kuthi woimira kugula nyumba British Wartski Emmanuel Snouumen mu Petrograd sitolo ya Faberge.
Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1918, Karl Faberge mwamseri anathawa Riga: ndi jeweler lachifumu mantha kumangidwa ndi kuphedwa. Pambuyo nkhondo ya Bolsheviks ku Latvia, mbuye anapita Germany. Pamene Berlin kuphimba November utasintha, Faberge anasamukira ku Frankfurt am Main, komwe iyenso sindinazengereze.
Zaka zomalizira za moyo Faberge zinathera ku Wiesbaden. Pambuyo zodabwitsa kunachitika ndi kulandidwa kwa chuma mwini wotchuka anagwa mu mzimu ndiponso mobwerezabwereza kuti "palibenso moyo."
Mu 2004, wazamalonda Russian ndi billionaire Victor Vekselberg kwa $ 100 miliyoni anagula mazira 9 Malcolm mazira 9 (pakati pawo woyamba - "nkhuku") ndipo anabwerera ku Russia. Chifukwa cha bizinesi ku St. Petersburg, ndi Faberge Museum anaonekera.
Moyo Wanu
Karl Faberge wokwatira kamodzi kokha: Mkazi Wake mu 1872 anakhala mtsikana wina dzina lake Auguste Julia Jacobs. Mu 1874, Auguste anabereka mwamuna wake wotchedwa Eugene. Iye anapita mu mapazi a bambo wake, anaphunzira nkhani zodzikongoletsera, ntchito mu msonkhano makolo, ndi mu 1920s oyambirira anasamukira ku France.
Mu 1876, mwana wachiwiri anabadwa - Agafon Faberge. M'chaka cha 1895, iye anayamba bizinesi, ndipo pa mapeto a 1890s anakhala ndi appraiser a pabwalo lachifumu. Ubale wa Agafon Karlovich ndi bambo ake ukali pambuyo milandu mu kuba (pambuyo bwenzi la banja anali anavomereza). Mu 1920s, mwana wa jeweler wotchuka ntchito ndi udindo Gokhran. Mu 1927, panatuluka mu Finland, komwe ankakhala mu umphawi.
Mwana wachitatu wa jeweler achifumu - Alexander anabadwa mu 1877. Ine anasamukira ku Paris ndipo pamodzi ndi M'bale Evgeny anayambitsa Faberge ndi K kampani. Wachinayi, wamng'ono, mwana wa Charles - Nikolai - Anabadwa mu 1884. Anakhala zodzikongoletsera mlengi. Kuyambira 1906 iye ankagwira ntchito ku nthambi ya Faberge ku likulu la Britain.
Mu zaka 56, mutu wa nyumba zodzikongoletsera chibwenzi ndi woimba 21 wazaka Cafeshantana Amalia Crybel, Czech. Iwo sanali kupita angayerekeze kusudzula mkazi wa jeweler ndi Romanov ndi kulemekezedwa jeweler a, komanso kumulakalaka amalie wamng'ono sanathe kupambana. Chaka chilichonse Karl Faberge anapita kwa miyezi 3 ku Ulaya, tagwira imba.
Mu 1912, Kribel anakwatira Prince wa banja wakale Chijojiya ndipo anatenga dzina la Cycianov. mwamuna wanga nthawi yomweyo, ndi kugwirizana ndi Karl sanali kusiya. Amalia amatchedwa chachiwiri Mata Hari. Ctsianov wakhala alemba ntchito ku Germany ndi Austrians. Kuti tifike Russia pa nkhondo anawathandiza Faberge. M'chaka cha 1916, Amalia anagwidwa ndi ku Siberia. Ndi Carl Faberge wokondedwa lomaliza sanalinso, ndi Jeweler anavutika chifukwa kulankhulana ndi kazitape Austria.
Imfa
Madokotala Kwalamulidwa ndi jeweler 74 wazaka bata ndi kuyeza moyo, mosamalitsa-atakhala forboving kusuta: Faberge anali ndi mtima odwala.
Amtundu kusamutsidwa mutu wa banja gombe la nyanja Geneva, umene unali wotchuka pa nyengo. Wazamalonda amene anataya moyo talandidwa ndi Bolsheviks ndi - malinga ndi ziwerengero osiyana - $ 500 miliyoni, osati kuwerengera malo, ndipo sanali achire Menya.
Mu September 1920, Karl Faberge, ngakhale malamulo oletsa madokotala, reckled ndudu amphamvu. Ine analibe nthawi kutha: anafa, chibwenzi mpaka theka. Kumizidwa Faberge pa manda Grand Jas mu Cannes.
Kukumbuka
- Mu St. Petersburg pali lalikulu la Charles Faberge
- November 19, 2013 ku St. Petersburg mu Palace ya Naryshkin-Shuvalov, ndi Faberge Museum linatsegulidwa
- Mu Kiev, pali chikwangwani cha chikumbutso polemekeza jeweler wotchuka
- Mu Odessa, pa nyumba ya fupi Hotel, kumene zodzikongoletsera okonzera a Charles Faberge inali mu madongosolo yapamwamba malonda ku Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik, chikwangwani cha chikumbutso anakhazikitsidwa
- Mu Baden-Baden, pali Faberge Museum - woyamba mu dziko, kwathunthu wodzipereka kwa ntchito za Jewelira
- Mu Moscow pali koleji ya maina kukongoletsa ndi ntchito luso Karl Faberge