Chiphunzitso
Thomas Mann ndi wolemba wosafa waku Germany. Mu 1929 adayamba kuchita mphoto ya Nobel m'mabuku. Mann ndi m'modzi mwa mamembala amchere a olemba otchuka.
Nyukuda wamtsogolo adabadwa m'chilimwe, pa Juni 6, 1875, ku Lübeck. Banja la mnyamatayo linali lolemera ndipo sanafunike chilichonse. Ana adakula motukuka, sanadziwe nkhawa. Mutu wa banja - Thomas Johann Manrich Mann - adagwira ntchito ku Nyumba ya Senate. Mayi anatcha Julia Mann. Anali wophunzira kwambiri. Amayi m'milungu anali a Brazil.
Kuphatikiza pa Tomasi, abale awiri ndi alongo awiri adaleredwa m'banjamo. Akuluakulu a Heinrich Mann adasanduka wolemba ulemu. Mu 1891, a Thomas - wamkulu adasiya moyo. Famu Yogulitsa.
M'chaka chomwecho, mayi ndi ana adasamukira ku Munich. Kwa kanthawi, Thomas ndi Henterizi anali ku Italy, koma kenako anabwereranso ku Munich. Kumeneku Essheist adakhala mpaka 1933.
Malembo
Chidwi cholemba Mann chinawonetsa ku Lübeck. Kenako adalenga magazini "mabingu", pomwe zoyambirira zidafalitsidwa. Kenako analemba zofalitsa ku Jourry "zaka makumi awiri". Kuyambira mu 1898 mpaka 1899 Iye anali atakwatirana muofesi ya Entriolial mu The Jourceitures. Kenako ntchito yankhondo inadutsa ndipo, ikubwera, inasindikiza zolemba zonyansa. Kuchokera pamenepa, kafukufuku wakale wa Thomas Mann adapezeka.
Mu 1901, wolembayo adafotokoza zatsopano za buku loyambirira la "Bueedbok", amene adabweretsa ulemerero. Nkhani ya chiwembu chakhala mbiri ya mtundu wachuma. Zochita za anthu am'banja zimatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa mzera wolemekezeka. M'badwo wapano sunamuthandize kuchitika ndi miyambo yakale ndipo sanapitirize mlandu wa makolo awo. Zotsatira zake, panali kutaya tanthauzo la moyo ndi imfa zingapo m'banjamo.
Kutsatira "Bwanamens meyo", a Thomas adasindikiza buku la buku lotchedwa Tristan. Nkhani yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsa inali "Tonya Kröger". Ngwazi ya mbiriyakale idakana malingaliro achikondi omwe kale ankamva kuwawa ndi kusokonezeka, ndipo adadzipereka kuti atumikire zaluso. Koma Hans Gansen ndi Ingerbon Holm anaonekera pa moyo wa mnyamatayo, komwe Toyoo anali ndi malingaliro, anagweranso mu chivundikiro cha zokumana nazo.
Mu 1905, a Thomas adakwatirana ndi mtsikana wochokera ku Pulofesa. Izi zidathandizira kuti wolemba azovala za Bourgeoiiie. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe ophatikizika a wolemba omwe adalimba. Buku Lotsatirali "Lokwezeka" Essuist adayamba mu 1906 ndipo adamaliza mu 1909.
Mu 1911, adamasula "kufa ku Venice". Zomwe zidafotokozedwazo za wolemba gustaba Asishbakh, mwadzidzidzi akondana ndi achinyamata a zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, wolemba adathandizira kumenyanako.
Izi zotere zimayambitsa kukangana ndi mchimwene wina wachikulire, zomwe zidagwirizana mwamtheradi wandale. Anabwerezedwa mu 1922 kokha mu 1922 kokha. A Thomas adasintha dziko la zandale komanso lotsutsa Fascism.
Mu 1924 inafalitsa nkhani ya "phiri lamatsenga". Hun Buku Hans Kstorp adabwera kudzagwira msuwani, matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, mu chidanichi. Zinali zinachitidwanso Hans. Anthu omwe ali pamwamba adakondwera ndi mnyamatayu wanzeru komanso waluntha. Zotsatira zake, Hansa adachedwa kwambiri azachipatala kwa zaka zingapo. Kumeneko anakulitsa nzeru zake ndipo anakhala likulu la uzimu.
Mu 1929, ntchito yonyansa ya mann "buedbomov" idayamikiridwa ndipo amayenera kulandira mphotho ya Nobel. Mu 1930, a Thomas Mann ananenanso zaphokoso popempha kugwirizanitsa ku Nazi. Amakhala ndi malingaliro a kumanzere.
Mu 1933, wolemba ndi mkazi wake komanso ana ake anasamukira ku Zurich. Kumeneko anagwira ntchito yotola nkhani za Yosefe. Wolemba ake mwa iye omwe adamasulira njira ya moyo wa pentateuch. Kutola deta, adapita ku Palestina ndi Egypt.
Mu 1936, Manna sanasankhe nzika za Germany. Zotsatira zake, adakhala nzika komanso nzika ya Czechoslovakia. Patatha zaka ziwiri, Mlengi adasamukira ku USA ndikuchita ndi ophunzira ku Princeton. Mu 1939 linafalitsa buku la "Lotia ku Weimear", komwe ubale wa Goethe wokhala ndi Charlotte Ketlotte Kettener adafotokozedwa.
Mu 1942, Mann anasamukira ku Pacific Thisi-Palisadez. Pamenepo adatsogolera Antiforties aku omvera aku Germany. Mu 1947, owerenga adawona buku la Thomas "Dr. Faustus". Ngwazi ya zofalitsazo zidakhala ndi tsogolo, koma mu XX Zaka za XX.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, Mann adagona ndi milandu yothandiza Soviet Union. Mu 1952, wolemba adabwerera ku Switzerland. Mofananamo, iye anapita ku Germany, koma sanafune kupita kukakhalako.
Mu 1951, adafalitsa "Chidontho", mu 1954 - buku la Black ". Nthawi yomweyo, anapitilizabe kugwirira ntchito "kuzindikira kwa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi Felix ozizira", yomwe inayamba zisanachitike zochitika za nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.
Bukulo lidamasulidwa losalephera. M'bukuli, ngwazi inayamba yaimvi wamakono, omwe, ngakhale anali okongola komanso anzeru, aluntha ankatengedwa ndi ziphuphu ndipo anasandulika kukhala chilombo.
Mabuku ena aolemba adachotsedwa. Mu 1971, "imfa ku Vencice" idasindikizidwa. Mu 1982, omvera adawona zojambula ziwiri nthawi yomweyo: "Dr. Faustus" ndi "Matsenga". Ndipo mu 2008, a Henry Brelor amatetezedwa kuti "buedrokovov".
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1905, Mann adakwatirana ndi Pricehem. Mnzakeyo anapatsa mwamuna wa ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Atatu - Erica, Claus ndi Golo - adapita kumapazi a abambo ndipo adalemba.
Kati anali ndi mizu yachiyuda. Zambiri za izi zidabisidwa mosamala kwa ana. Zimadziwika ndi zokumbukira za mwana wachiwiri Golomo.
Imfa
Wolemba anamwalira pa Ogasiti 12, 1955. Choyambitsa imfa ya madotolo adapezeka ndi mtolo wam'mimba mwamimba. Kuikidwa m'maso.
Atamwalira, zojambulajambula zitapezeka, zomwe wolemba adalemba, pomwe wolemba adaganiza zokhudzana ndi chikondi kwa amuna. Kuchokera pa mbiriyo panali anthu omwe anali ndi chidwi ndi amuna. Amakhala paubwenzi ndi wojambula wa Paul Ehrenberg. Kulumikiza kwa anthu kunatha pambuyo pa kulowa kwa Tomas muukwati ndi Katya Mann.
Mkazi wa mana anaikidwa pafupi ndi mwamuna wake.
M'bali
- 1901 - "Bodeybok"
- 1903 - Donneo Crover
- 1909 - "" Kukwezeka "
- 1912 - "Imfa ku Venice"
- 1922 - 1954 - Kuzindikira Felix ozizira "
- 1924 - "phiri lamatsenga"
- 1930 - "Mario ndi Wizard"
- 1933 - "Kuvutika ndi Ukulu wa Richard Wagner"
- 193343 - "Joseph ndi abale ake"
- 1937 - "Vuto la Ufulu"
- 1939 - "Lotti mu Weimear"
- 1940 - "Kusinthanitsa mitu. Mbiri ya India "
- 1947 - "Dr. Faustus"
- 1951 - "Osankhidwa"
- 1954 - "Swan Black"