Chiphunzitso
Nikolai Leskova amatchedwa kuti kungochitika kwa Russia kwa Russia - pankhaniyi, wolembayo adayima mzere umodzi ndi Nikolai Gogol. Wolembayo adatchuka ngati wolemba mabuku ndi pachimake, kupangitsa zonunkhira za anthu wamba. Ndipo pambuyo pake adadabwitsidwa anzawo pakudziwa za psychology, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu adziko lapansi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Leskov adabadwira m'mudzi wa Gorongovo (Orlovk Gubernia). Tate wa wolemba, Semen Dmitievich, anali wachikale kwambiri kuchokera mu mtundu wakale wauzimu - agogo ndi abambo ake anali ndi ansembe kutchalitchi m'mudzi wa Leskey (chifukwa cha dzina lake).
Inde, ndipo kholo la wolemba mtsogolo iye yekhayo adamaliza maphunziro a seminare, koma kenako adagwira ntchito mu Oryol kuchinga chipinda cha Oryol. Ndinkasiyanitsidwa talente yayikulu ya wofufuzayo, wokhoza kuwulula ngakhale nkhani yovuta kwambiri, yomwe adadzuka pasitepe yamasitepe ndikulandila ulemu. Amayi Maria petrovna adachokera ku mafupa olemekezeka.
Mu banja la masamba, omwe adakhazikika pamalo oyang'anira chigawo, adapanga ana asanu - ana aakazi awiri ndi ana amuna atatu, Nikolai anali wamkulu. Mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 8, abambo ake anali ndi mwakachetechete kwambiri ndi abwana ndipo atagwira ntchito yam'mudzimo, komwe adapuma pantchito, komwe adalipo kale. Adabzala m'mundamo.
Ndi kuphunzira, ziwerengero zazing'onozi zinali zonyansa. Zaka zisanu, mnyamatayo adaphunzira ku Oryol Wosewera Wosewera, ndipo patapita nthawi anali ndi umboni wonena za maginisi onse awiri m'manja mwake. Banjali la A Leski limadzudzula dongosolo la maphunziro a nthawi zomwe zachabe ndi zotemberera zimasokoneza chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa sayansi. Makamaka muzodabwitsa zozizwitsa zoterezi, zolengedwa zolengedwa, monga kohl Leskov.
Ndinayenera kupita kuntchito. Abambo anaphatikizana ndi chimbale cha Chamber, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi adamwalira kuchokera ku kolera. Nthawi yomweyo, chisoni china china kuwonongeka pa banja la kadzidzi - nyumbayo idawotcha nyumbayo ndi katundu wonse.
Achinyamata a Nikolay anapita kukayenerezedwa ndi dziko. Malinga ndi m'malo mwake, mnyamatayo adasamutsidwira ku State Chat chipinda ku Kiev, komwe amakhala ndi amalume a kusekondale kwambiri. Mu likulu la Leskov la leskov lomwe lidalowa mu moyo wokondweretsa, - mabuku, nzeru, amakhala pa desiki lokhala ku yunivesite, yoluka m'mabwalo a magulu akale.
Popeza talemeretsa zokumana nazo za moyo wamtsogolo kwa amalume ya wina. Mwamuna wa ku American amatcha Mphongo kwa m'bale wake kuti "a Shott ndi Wilkens", malowa adadziwonetsa maulendo ataliatali komanso nthawi zambiri ku Russia. Apa kuti wolemba adayitanitsa zabwino kwambiri pankhani yake.
Malembo
Lingaliro lodzipereka pa luso la mawuwa limapezeka leskov kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mnyamatayo adaganiza za munda wa wolemba, bondo pa nthawi ya ku Russia ndi ntchito zochokera ku kampaniyo "Shott ndi Wilkens" - maulendowa adapatsidwa zochitika zowala komanso mitundu ya anthu omwe adapemphedwa kuti apereke pepala.
Njira zoyambirira m'mabuku a Nikolai Semenovich adachita monga wolemba mabuku. Ndinalemba nkhani za "Zoipa za tsikulo" mu nyuzipepala ya St. Petersburg ndi Kiev, kutsutsidwa mu ziphuphu ndi apolisi. Kupambana kwa zofalitsa kunali kofunitsitsa, kunabweretsa zofufuzira zingapo zingapo.
Chitsanzo cha cholembera monga wolemba ntchito zaluso zidachitika kokha pazaka 32 - Nikolay Leskov adalemba nkhani "moyo wa mkazi m'modzi" wa Amur m'malonda owerenga.
Kuyambira ntchito yoyamba yolemba, adalankhula ngati Mbuye yemwe amadziwa kufinya bwino zithunzi zachikazi. Ndipo zonse chifukwa, pambuyo pake, pambuyo pa nkhani yanzeru, yolowera ndi zovuta "donal Macbeth MTSnsky County" ndi "wankhondo" Tulukani. Leskov mwaluso analowa m'maganizo a moyo woseketsa ndi kunyoza, akuwonetsa mawonekedwe apadera, omwe pambuyo pake adazindikira mtundu wa nthano.
Pozungulira zokonda zolembedwa, Nikolai Semenovich analinso sewero. Kuyambira mu 1867, wolemba adayamba kupanga makonda azosangalatsa. Mmodzi mwa otchuka - "wotchukitsa".
Leskov adanena mokweza za iye ndi wofananira. M'mabuku "Palibe paliponse,", "pamipeni" yosenzedwa matembenuzidwe ndi Nihililins, akunena kuti simunadziwe Russia kuti isinthe kwambiri. Kuunika kotereku kwa wolemba nkhaniyo pambuyo powerenga bukuli "pamipeni" idapatsidwa maxim Grusary:
"... Pambuyo pa buku loipalo" pa mipeni ", ntchito yolemba za Leskov nthawi yomweyo imakhala penti yowala kapena, m'malo mwake, kupaka utoto-utoto - amayamba kupanga chizindikiritso cha choyera ndi Russia."Kutulutsidwa kwa mabuku, kutsutsa matembenuzidwe asinthasintha, okonza magazini adakonzanso leskov boycot. Sindinakana kugwirira ntchito ndi wolemba katkov yekha, akupita ku "Bulletin waku Russia", koma zinali zosatheka kugwira ntchito ndi wolemba uyu - malamulo opanda pake.
Chotsatira chotsatira, chomwe chidalowa chosungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe. "Levsh". Mmenemo, mawonekedwe apadera a Leskov adaswa m'magazi atsopano, wolembayo adayang'ana ndi neogism tokha, atagona pa zochitika zonse, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ovuta. Za Nicolae Semenovich analankhula ngati wolemba wamphamvu.
M'zaka 70, wolemba adakumana ndi mavuto. Utumiki wa anthu wophunzitsira adayika Leskov ngati wozindikira mabuku atsopano - adathetsa, mutha kudumpha mabuku kwa owerenga kapena ayi, ndipo ndinalandira malipiro ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhani yotsatira "yomwe inali ndi woyendayenda" adakana akonzi onse, kuphatikiza Katkova.
Ntchitoyi ya wolembayo amaganiza ngati njira ina yazikhalidwe zachikhalidwe. Nkhaniyi iphatikizana ndi ziwembu zosagwirizana, ndipo sizinamalizidwe. Kutsutsa "kwaulere" kudasokonekera mu fluff ndi fumbi, ndipo Nikolai Semenovich adayenera kufalitsa ziphuphu za gulu lake.
M'tsogolomu, wolemba adapempha kuti apangidwe kukhala oyenera. Kuchokera pa nthenga zake, nkhani zopeka ", zomwe zimaphatikizapo zojambula" munthu pa nthawiyo "," Chithunzi "ndi ena. Wolemba anali ndi anthu odzipereka padziko lonse lapansi, kukangana kuti aliyense anakumana ndi aliyense. Komabe, otsutsa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito amalandiridwa ntchito ndi sarcasm. Mu 1980, olungamayo olungamawo - Leskov adalemba za ngwazi za Chikristu choyambirira.
Poyamba kulowa kwa moyo wa moyo, Nikolai Semenovich anatembenukiranso ku nduna za asitikali, asitikali, oimira tchalitchi "," Bugago ". Ndipo ngakhale pakadali pano, kutayikira kwa nkhani za kuwerenga kwa ana, zomwe zinatenga olemba magazi mosangalala.
Mwa zina zamtundu, zotchuka pambuyo pake, panali mafani a Nikolai Leskov. Mkango Tolstoy amaganiza zochokera ku ma Oryal kuya kwa "wolemba wamkulu waku Russia", ndi Ivan Turgenev ndi Anton ChekhV adamangidwa ndi munthu m'manja mwa alangizi awo.
Moyo Wanu
Mwa miyendo ya zaka za zana la 19, moyo wa Nikolai Semenovich sunaphule kanthu. Wolemba adatha kupita pansi pa korona kawiri, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri ndi mkazi wamoyo.
Leskov wokwatiwa msanga, pa 22nd. Olga Smirnova, olowa m'malo a Kiev Businneneur adasankhidwa. Mu ukwatiwu, mwana wamkazi wa ku Kera ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Miwa, yemwe adamwalirabe ana adabadwa. Mnzakeyo adadwala matenda a Psyche ndipo nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ku chipatala cha St. Petersburg of St. Nicolas.
Nikolai Semenovich, makamaka, adataya mkazi wake ndipo adaganiza zokwatirana ndi akatswiri okhala ndi Cathenova, wopsinjika kwa zaka zingapo. Mu 1866, Leskov anakhala bambo kachitatu - mwana wa Andrei adawonekera padziko lapansi. Pamtunduwu mu 1922, ballet wamtsogolo wa Baltiana Leskov's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet's Ballet adabadwa Koma ndi mkazi wachiwiri, Nikolai Semenovich sanakhalepo, patatha zaka 11, okwatirana adasiyanitsidwa.
Leskov Masamba a Leskov Othetsa Masamba Awoological, omwe amakhulupirira kuti nyama sizingaphedwe chakudya. Mwamunayo adalemba nkhani yomwe Vigano adagawika pamisasa iwiri - omwe amadya nyama, kusunga mtundu wa positi, ndipo iwo omwe amadandaula zolengedwa zopanda pake. Nayenso adatchulapo komaliza. Wolemba analimbikitsa kupanga cookbook kwa anthu aku Russia, omwe angaphatikizepo maphikidwe "obiriwira" kuchokera pazomwe zimapezeka kwa Russia. Ndipo mu 1893 Bukuli lotere lidawonekera.
Imfa
Nikolay Leskov adakumana ndi moyo wake kuchokera ku mphumu, m'zaka zaposachedwa matendawa adakula, zowawa za kukhazikika zidayamba kuchitika.
Pa february 21 (pa Marichi 5, pa kalembedwe katsopano) wa 1895, wolemba satha kupirira kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Kuyika Nikolai Semenovich ku St. Petersburg pa manda a Volkovsky.
M'bali
- 1863 - "Moyo wa Mkazi Mmodzi"
- 1864 - "Lady Macbeth MTSnsky County"
- 1864 - "Palibe Proe"
- 1865 - "Kutuluka"
- 1866 - "Anthu Island"
- 1866 - "Warrior"
- 1870 - "Pampeni"
- 1872 - "Sobira"
- 1872 - "Mngelo woyimiridwa"
- 1873 - "Wokondedwa Woyendayenda"
- 1874 - "Zodabwitsa"
- 1881 - "Lefty"
- 1890 - "amajambula zidole"