Chiphunzitso
Nikolay Berdaev ndi woganiza bwino kwambiri yemwe katswiri wa katswiri wa Kantrasi ndi Schopnauer, wotsutsa wosankhidwa ndi wothandiza ufulu wamunthu. Pokhala munthu wachipembedzo, amakhulupirira kuti onse achikomyunizimu ndi afascism amalimbikitsa chikumbumtima chamakhalidwe ndi chipembedzo. Malingaliro ake opangidwa kumayambiriro a m'zaka za zana la 20 ndiofunika kuti izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha ntchito za wafilosofi anagwiritsa ntchito mutu wa nyumba yanyumba yamalamulo yaku Russia.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nikolai anabadwa mu Marichi 1874 pafupi ndi Kiev, yemwe ali ndi malo ochitira anthu okwatirana, omwe anali atadandaula kwambiri Paul I. Banja linali m'mbuyomu. Abambo Alexander Mikhailovich - mbadwa ya akalonga a Chitata cha Bakhmetyev. Makolo a Mayi Alexandra Sergeyevna, m'mawu a Mainadwe Amfumu - oyimira mzinda wakale wa MniShek, Polandkyky ngakhale mfumu ya France Louis Louis Louis VI.
Nikolai ndi wamkulu wamkulu Mbale Sergey adalandira maphunziro apanyumba oyamba, anali ndi zilankhulo zingapo zakunja. Kolya adadodoma ku Vladimir ndi Kiev Cadet Corps. Kenako, malingana ndi mwambo wabanja, zimayenera kulowa nawo ma prazi corps, koma anasankha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mu 1894 Beryaev adalandira satifiketi yakukhwima kwa kaev-pecterk masewera olimbitsa thupi.
M'chaka chomwecho, Nikolai adalowa ku Yunivesite ya St. Vladimir, kwa sayansi ya sayansi ya sayansi, patatha zaka zingapo adasamutsidwa kuzololedwa. Koma sizinali zotheka kupeza diploma ku bungwe la maphunziro a Berdaev: Potenga nawo mbali kwa ophunzirira a Martxist Circle-Circle "University of the Sturm of the Works", idasiyidwa ku yunivesite. Izi zisanachitike, mnyamatayo adamangidwa kawiri kuti awone ziwonetsero za boma la Anti-boma.
Mu 1900, Nikolai adatumizidwa ku chiwonetsero cha Vogucda poyang'aniridwa mwa apolisi. Pamenepo, wafilosofi wachinyamatayu analemba buku la "kupezeka nchito ndi payekhapayekha". Buku lodziwika bwino komanso wazachuma Petro akumenya, asananyamuke kupita ku Germany, adakonza zoyambirira zawo. Berdyaev adalowa nawo gulu la ndale kuti "mgwirizano waufulu" adapangana ndi Comrades.
Biography ya Beryaeva inaonetsa nthawi yomwe adakhala: kusunthira kosintha, kusaka njira zatsopano, ndikuponya kuchokera kutali kwambiri. Nikolay Alexandrovich adawona ndipo m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga njirayi, omwe amatchedwa kuti "Russian Renaisy ya chiyambi cha zaka za zana la makumi awiri."
Malingaliro
Mawonedwe anzeru a Nikolophi a Nikolai Berdyaev anali okhazikika kapena, monse, kutsutsidwa kwa Telelogy ndi Maluso. Malingaliro awa, ochokera ku malingaliro ake, amakhudza ufulu wa umunthu, womwe kukhalapo kwa kukhalapo ndi tanthauzo la munthuyo.
Umunthu ndi anthu ena ndi malingaliro osiyana. Woganizayo amakhulupirira kuti woyamba anali gulu la uzimu, loyera, lachiwiri - gawo la anthu. Khalidwe silokhazikika ndipo siligwira ntchito ku chilengedwe chilichonse, kapena mpingo kapena boma. Ufulu wa Beryaev ndi kupatsidwa, ndiye kuti ndi wochokera ku chilengedwe ndi munthu, popanda kwa Waumulungu. Ngati iphwanya "wogawana waumulungu wokhala," zoyipa zikuwonekera.
Mu ntchito ya "anthu ndi makina" amawona njirayi ngati njira yomasulira mzimu wamunthu, koma imawopa kuti zomwe mungachite malinga ndi zauzimu komanso zauzimu. Ndipo funsoli limabuka, ndipo nchiyani chomwe chidzalanditsa anthu padziko lapansi. Kupatula apo, ku uzimu sikumangolumikizana ndi Mulungu, kumalumikizana ndi dziko komanso momwe munthu amawonetsera dziko lino kudzera mwa iye yekha.
Pali chododometsa. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumasunthira chikhalidwe cha luso, zaluso, zimasintha maziko amakhalidwe. Inde, ndipo moyo ukupita kutsogolo. Kumbali ina, kupembedza kochuluka kwa zotuluka zamaluso kumalepheretsa anthu kuti akwaniritse kupita patsogolo. Ndipo pano zimavumbulanso mutu wa ufulu wa mzimu
Kumayambiriro kwa kafukufuku wake waphiri, Nikolay Alexandrovich amasilira malingaliro a Karl Marx. Komabe, pambuyo pake, kuganizira za kuyeseza kwa malingaliro achikomyunidi ku Russia, mu buku "chimbudzi ndi tanthauzo la chikominisi cha Russia" mwachindunji cha Marxism imodzi sikokwanira.
Pa ntchito "lingaliro la Russia", wafilosofi anayesa kuyankha funso la tanthauzo la moyo wachilendo waku Russia. Beryaev amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zowala ndi zonena, kufanana ndi mahorisms. Monga zitsanzo, pali zochitika za nthawi yayitali - kuchokera kwa avvakum protopopa kupita ku Vladimir Lenin, kuyambira ubatizo wa Russia mpaka October.
Malinga ndi Berduev, anthu aku Russia sakonda kutsatira chiphunzitso cha chilamulocho, kutanthauza zambiri komanso kulemera kwake komwe kumachitika kuposa momwe. Lingaliro la "Chirasha" limagona mu "ufulu wachikondi muukulu ndi loyera la mawu."
Moyo Wanu
Mkazi wa Berdyaev, Lidia Yudifovna mbamokalase, anali wochokera kubanja la loya labwino, nzika yolemekezeka ya Kharkov. Mtsikanayo adaphunzitsidwa ku Switthouse ku Switzerland, ndipo atakhala ndi mlongoyo, a Evgenia adakhala m'mwezi wam'ndende, amayi amawatumiza ku Paris pasukulu yazachuma.
Pa nthawi yodziwika ndi Bermuev, Lida adakwatirana ndi wolemekezeka komanso wothandizirana ndi malingaliro a demokalase achikhalidwe cha Viktor Rapp. Drazeyeyev adagonjera munthu wosefedwa. Pambuyo pomangidwa, Lidia ndi mwamuna wake adatumizidwa kuchokera ku Kharkov to Kiev, komwe mu February 1904 adakumana ndi Nikolai.
Pakagwa chaka chomwecho, Berdaev anapatsanso mayi kuti amusiye ku St. Petersburg, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo banjali siligawanso. Komabe, Lida ndi Nikolai sanakhale ngati mwamuna wake ndi mkazi wake mwachikhalidwe, koma, malinga ndi alongo, Drušarva - Eugene, monga mlongo ndi mlongo.
Tanthauzo lalikulu la Bermuev adalemba nawo ntchito muukwati wauzimu. Izi zidalembedwa mu diaries ndi Lydia Junifovna, kutsindika kuti kufunikira kwa mgwirizano wawo kunali "kalikonse kabwino, komwe timachitira ndipo nthawi zonse timakhala ndi kunyoza."
Dera la zochitikazo zomwe sanachite zachifundo, anathandiza Nicholas kuntchito, adapanga kusintha kwa ntchito yake. Sanali yekha Beryaeva ndi zaluso - adalemba ndakatulo ndi zolemba, koma sanafune kusindikizidwa.
Mu 1922, banja la Beryaev linachoka dzikolo. Nikolai Alexandrovich adatumizidwa, ndipo Lidiya, sanathe kumusiya yekha. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1917 adasintha chikhulupiriro - chodutsa mu Chikatolika, chizunzo cha Akatolika chinayamba ku Soviet ku Russia. Poyamba, Berdyaev, komanso mayi ndi mlongo wake wa Lida anali ku Berlin, ndiye kuti anasamukira ku France, komwe banja la banja lathyathyathya limachoka mnyumbamo. Pamenepo Nikolai analemba utotobiography ya "kudzidziwa", komwe kudafalitsidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake.
Imfa
Filosofi aku Russia adamwalira kudziko lina, m'madera a Paris - ClaMar, mu Marichi 1948. Zaka zitatu zisanachitike, Lidiya Jedifovna anamwalira ndi khansa. Mlongo wake Eugene adathandizira kunyumba. Anapeza Berdiev muofesi ya desiki yolembedwa. Mpaka mphindi yomaliza, woganiza bwino - anakonza zolemba pamanja "Ufumu wa Mzimu ndi Ufumu wa Kaisara."
Nyumba ya Nikolai Alexandrovich idalowetsa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox kunja. Kukweza pa chizolowezi cha Orthodox kunakhala ansembe angapo. Iwo amadziwa kuti Berdyaev ndipo amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito panjira yomaliza. Manda a wafilosofi adakhazikitsa mtanda wamba.
M'bali
- 1909 - "Malotoni"
- 1913 - "" Duchets a Mzimu "
- 1915 - "Mzimu wa ku Russia"
- 1918 - "Kuchokera Kuzama"
- 1924 - "Mibadwo Yapakati"
- 1931 - "Chikristu ndi Kalasi Limbana"
- 1931 - "Psychology yachipembedzo ya ku Russia ndi Compenist Kukhulupirira Mulungu"
- 1934 - "Ine ndi dziko la zinthu (zomwe zidachitika payekha ndi nzeru zolankhulirana))"
- 1939 - "" ukapolo ndi ufulu wa munthu. Katswiri wazomwe amachita zachiwerewere
- 1940 - "Kudzidziwira"