Chiphunzitso
Jean Calvin - wazamulungu wachi French, m'modzi mwa oimira mayendedwe a kukonzanso, wafilosofi, komanso woyambitsa ziphunzitso zake, Calvinsm ". Moyo wa munthu uyu sunali wosavuta, koma kukhulupirika ndi kukhulupirika ku malingaliro awo kunapangitsa kuti Jean alvin alvin odziwika a nthawi imeneyo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Azachipembedzo amtsogolo komanso osintha adabadwa pa Julayi 10, 1509 m'mabanja achikatolika. Dziko la Kalvin ndi mzinda wa Nayen, womwe uli kumpoto kwa France. Bambo a mnyamatayo adapeza bwino monga mlembi wa bishopu wakomweko, komanso wotsutsa wa Sublial.
Amayi a Jean anamwalira ali mwana, ndipo bambo wake anasowa nthawi yolera. Chifukwa chake, Jean Wamng'ono adaperekedwa pansi pa banja limodzi lochuluka, pomwe adalandira maphunziro a maphunziro ndikuyamikira zinthu zazikulu.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Jean Calvin pakukakamira atate wake adapita ku Paris kuti adziwe za sayansi yoyenera ndi yothandiza anthu. Kwa zaka zambiri kuphunzira, mnyamatayo akupita ku zokambirana ndikukhala wokamba nkhani wanzeru. Ndi mnyamata wina wochepa ngakhale atakhulupirira kuti awerenga maulaliki mu Paristinal. Kenako, kufika ku Acvini, kachiwiri, kutsatira chifuniro cha Atate) anapitiliza kuphunzira.
Pakadali pano, mnyamatayo adayamba kumvetsetsa nzeru za ulamuliro, ndipo pomaliza maphunziro ake, adasamukira ku Orleans, komwe adalowa kwa ophunzirawo kwa Labiney wotchuka. Ngakhale kuti izi ndi kulemekeza nthawi zonse ndi alandu odziwika bwino, nthawi yomweyo bambo atamwalira, Jean Calvin amasiya Jurcurtunce ndipo amapempha zamulungu.
Mnyamatayo anaphunzira ntchito za oyera mtima, zomwe chikhulupiriro chachikristu, Baibulo, matanthauzira angapo ndi ndemanga zake. Panthawi imeneyi, Jean Calvin adatenga "kuyeretsa" kwa mpingo. Yeniyenil Calvin adalandira digiri ya sayansi ndikulalikira m'magawo awiri.
1532 M'buku la Gean Calvin adadziwika ndi zochitika ziwiri: Mnyamatayo adalandira digiri ya udokotala, komanso pa ndalama zake zomwe zidapereka umboni woyamba wa sayansi. Izi zinali ndemanga pantchito ya wafilosofi wa Sveti pansi pa dzina "lonena za kufatsa".
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti munthu wa Jean adayenera kukhala zomwe zimachitika mnyamata: Pazaka 23 panali anthu, atamizidwa m'malingaliro ake ndipo amakonzeka kuteteza malingaliro omwe amawoneka ngati owona. Anzathu a Jean adatcha dzina loti "Wopindulitsa", ndiye kuti, "mlandu", ndipo nthawi zonse ankatchedwa "wamakhalidwe."
Chiphunzitso
Pang'onopang'ono, Jean Calvin adalowa ndi malingaliro osintha. Mphamvu zazikulu, m'malingaliro a wolemba biograpars ndi olemba mbiri, Martin Luther (woyambitsa mawonedwe) adalandidwa ku zamalowerero za wazamulungu (woyambitsa malingaliro).
Kuphatikiza apo, mnyamatayo sanali mlendo kuzombo za anthu Erasmus Rolarddam ndi Lefevra D'etaphom. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ku Paris, gulu lachithandizire othandizira kukonzanso linayamba kupanga, komwe Calvin adalowa, ndipo posachedwa ndi luso loyendetsa gululi ndipo linali mtsogoleri wa gululi.
Ntchito yayikulu ya nthawi ya anthu a m'nthawi yonseyi, a Jean Alvin anaganiza kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo, omwe anali pafupipafupi. Komanso, ziphunzitso zazikulu za a Calvin zinali zozikidwa pa lingaliro la anthu onse pamaso pa Mulungu ndi Lamulo ladziko. Wosinthayo sanawopssemphana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo, adaganizanso zolankhula zake zoyenera "pa filosofi Yachikristu".
Ufulu woterewa unakopa chidwi cha olamulira omwe anaphimba maso awo kwa MZduchisism kwa atumiki a tchalitchi ndipo sanali ndi chidwi ndi kutha kwa zizolowezi zoterezi. Jean Calvin azunzidwa, wokonzanso anayamba kufunafuna Paris Paris. Kwa kanthawi, bambo wina adakutidwa ndi anthu amitima yabwino, kenako Calvin adasamukira ku Geneva, komwe adakonzekera kuti athe kukhala usiku wokha.
Komabe, mapulani awa adayenera kusintha: Ku Geneva Calvin adakumananso ndi otsatira ndikupeza mnzake ndi wothandizirana pamaso pa mlaliki ndi ziphunzitso za Gilimer of the Arliame of Greeel. Zoyesayesa za omaliza, a Jean Calvin adadziwika kuti Geneva, komwe adachedwetsedwa mosemphana ndi mapulani oyambawo. Posachedwa chiphunzitso chatsopanochi, chomwe chalandira kale dzina "Chikalvinism" panthawiyo, chidadziwika kuti ndi malire a Geneva.
Pambuyo pake, Calvina amayenera kusiya mzinda wopanduka uyu pachinthu chomwecho monga dziko lakwawo. Achifwamba anasamukira ku Strassaurg - mzinda womwe anthu ambiri amakhala ku Chipulotesitanti. Dongosololo ndipo anapezapo phunziro, kulalikira ndi kuwerenga nkhani imodzi mwa tchalitchi.
Posakhalitsa, stratsbourg amalankhula za kusinthana watsopano, ndipo Calvin adalandira malo ovomerezeka ndikupepesa chifukwa cha mlaliki, omwe amathandizira kwambiri moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku. Mu 1537, adabwereranso ku Geneva, Jean Calvin adamaliza maphunziro awo "katekisimu" ndi katekisimu - malamulo a Calvin ", omwe amatumizidwa kwa anthu ampingo komanso anthu odzikonda.
Malamulowa adapezeka kuti anali okhwima ndipo adafuna chitsogozo cha madongosolo atsopano mumzinda, koma khonsolo ya mzindawo lidagwirizana ndi wokonzanso, ndipo katekisimu adavomerezedwa pamsonkhano wotsatira. Komabe, ntchitoyi, yomwe idawoneka ngati yabwino, posakhalitsa idasandulika mwankhanza mwankhanza.
Panthawi ya ku Geneva, ndiye kuti malamulo a Yean Calvin ndi othandizira ake amathandizidwa ndi ziganizo za imfa. Palibe nzika zocheperako kunja kwanyumba, malo otsala amakhala owopa ku khothi lakomweko ndi olamulira: Nthawi imeneyo, kuzunzidwa kumawerengedwa, ndipo mantha a nzika anali ndi dothi lalikulu.
Mofananana, a Jean Calvin adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'moyo, wotchedwa "malangizo m'chikhulupiriro chachikristu." Ntchito yayikuluyi idakhala mabuku, maulaliki, zokambirana ndi nkhani zomwe zimavumbula malingaliro a wolemba, malangizo kwa nthawi ya anthu a nthawi yam'masiku onse. A Calvin onse adalemba mavoliyumu 57.
Lingaliro lalikulu, zolinga zapakati, zotsatila kudzera mu ntchito za Jean Alvin, ndikuzindikira mphamvu za Mulungu zapamwamba kwa aliyense. Ukulu wa Mulungu, malinga ndi Kalvini, amatanthauza kugonjera kwathunthu kwa anthu kwa Ambuye.
Njira imodzi yokha imapezeka kwa anthu - kukhala ndi Mulungu kapena kukana chikhulupiliro ndikudzizunza pa ufa wowopsa pambuyo pa moyo wapadziko lapansi. Komabe, kusankha kumeneku, komwe kaonekera a Calvin, adakonzedweratu pasadakhale ndi Mulungu. Ndi zaka, osintha adayamba kuchita zokoma, zopanda pake komanso zothandiza kusokonezeka.
Moyo Wanu
Jean Calvin anali wokwatiwa. Mu 1540, wazamulunguyo adaphatikizana ndi mkazi yemwe ali ndi mkazi wina dzina lake Dissomstita de Bur.
Womverayo anapatsa ana okonzereka ana atatu, koma onse anafa m'mabenga, osalola a Calvin kuti asangalale ndi kholo. Amadziwika kuti mkazi wa Salvin adasiya moyo wake patsogolo pake.
Imfa
Mu 1559, a Jean Calvin adatola malungo olimba kwambiri, koma adasiya ntchito ya Bedd. Pakapita kanthawi, matendawa adabwerera, koma thanzi la azaumulungu lidagwedezeka kwambiri.
Mu 1564, pa ulaliki wotsatira, a Calvin adagwa ngati khomo la mwamunayo, pomwe pakamwa pa mwamunayo adapita. Miyezi itatu, yokonzanso yogona m'ndende yovuta kwambiri, ndipo pa Meyi 27, 1564, Jean Calvin sanatero.
Zochitika
- 1536 - "Mayiko Chikhulupiriro cha Chikhristu"
- 1543 - "Kuchita Zinthu Zokhudza Zinthu"