Chiphunzitso
Wofufuza wotchuka ku England, wofufuza ndi wofufuza - James Cook anali woyang'anira wachifumu wa Nary ndi Royal Society. Munthu wodabwitsayu adawapatsa malo ambiri pamapu. Cook adalipira ndalama zambiri za zojambula. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi mamapu onse atengedwa ndi sitima yoyipa, yolondola komanso yolondola. Kwa zaka zambiri, makhadi amatumikiridwa ndi oyendayenda, pafupifupi zaka za zana la 19.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
James adabadwa pa Okutobala 27, 1728 ku Denon. Kutengera ndi mbiri yakale, bambo anali nkhondo yosauka ku Scottish. James anali ndi zaka 8, banja la woyendetsa mtsogolo wamasiye limayenda ku Great Ayon, komwe amalowa sukulu yakomweko. Masiku ano sukulu yakhala yosungiramo zinthu zakale polemekeza James kuphika.
Pambuyo pa maphunziro 5 zaka, mnyamatayo adayamba kugwira ntchito pafamu, komwe bambo ake adalandira manejala. James atakwanitsa zaka 18, adalemba ntchito ya Herkcules. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ntchito yam'madzi ya achinyamata komanso okonda kuphika.
Amayenda
James anagwira ntchito pa zombo zawo eni ake ndi Yohane ndi a Henry oors. Munthawi yaulere, mnyamatayo adaphunzira zapadera za genography, masamu, masamu ndi zakuthambo, kuwerenga mabuku. Woyendayenda woyendayenda adapita zaka ziwiri, zomwe zidakhala ku Baltic ndi kum'mawa kwa England. Pofunsidwa kwa abale a Walker adaganiza zobwerera ku Woyang'anira Wothandizira pa Chinyengo. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, James anaperekedwa kuti avomereze lamulolo, anakana.
M'malo mwake, kuphika kumajambulidwa ndi woyendetsa sitima yapanyanja ndipo zitatha masiku 8 zimalandira nthawi yoikidwa pa singano singano. Mfundo imeneyi imadzetsa zododometsa: sizowona chifukwa chake mnyamatayu adakonda mtsogoleri wa woyendetsa sitima yapamadzi yolemera. Koma pambuyo pa mwezi wa mwezi, kuphika kamalowa m'mudzi wamanthaka.
Posachedwa, mu 1756, nkhondo ya chaka isanu ndi iwiri iyamba, singano "singano" imatengako gawo la ku France. Chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi sitimayo "Duke Akvitan", singano "amalandila chigonjetso, koma okakamizidwa kuti achoke ku England. Mu 1757, James amayesa mayeso a woyang'anira, ndipo tsiku lobadwa ake 29 limalandira nthawi yoyikidwa pa sitimayo.
Pamene Quebec atengedwa, James adasamutsidwira ku positi ya woyang'anira sitimayo kumpoto chakumadzulo, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi yotsatsa katswiri. Mwa dongosolo, Adwal Cook adapitilira map a St. Lawrence mpaka 1762. Mamapu adasindikizidwa mu 1765.
Maulendo atatu
James adatsogolera maulendo atatu, ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri malinga ndi dziko lapansi.
Kuthamangira koyamba kunapitilira kwa zaka zitatu, cholinga chake cholinga chake ndi kafukufuku wa venus kudzera dzuwa. Koma zinsinsi zovomerezeka zotchulidwa kuphika mutamaliza zomwe zawunika zikuyenda kumwera kwa Southern Mainland.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mayiko ena amamenyedwa kuti ndi kuti openda zakuthambo amaganiza kuti zonena zakuthambo ndi shirma, zopangidwa kuti zisanthule madera atsopano. Ulendowu unali ndi cholinga china - kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyanja yakum'mawa kwa Australia.
Chifukwa cha ulendowu, cholingacho chimakhazikika, koma chidziwitsocho chidapezeka sichinapangitse zabwino chifukwa cha zizindikiro zolakwika. Ntchito yachiwiri, kutseguka kwa mainri, sikunakwaniritsidwe. Southzinda sollland idatsegulidwa oyendetsa sitima za ku Russia mu 1820. Amatsimikiziridwa kuti Neat New Zealand ndi zilumba ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zimalekanitsidwa ndi strait (pafupifupi. - Cook Cook). Zinakhala m'gulu la Eastern ku Austria, lomwe silinafufuzidwe kale.
Kusambira kwachiwiri, cholinga chake, chokhazikitsidwa pamaso pa James, sichikudziwika. Ntchito ya ulendowu ndikuwerengera nyanja zakumwera. Ndi chidaliro titha kunena kuti kukwezedwa kumwera kunaphatikizidwa ndi chikhumbo cha James kuti apeze kumwera kwa Eagen. Mwambiri, kuphika sikunachitire manyazi pokhapokha pamalingaliro okhawo.
Cholinga chachitatu chakupita kwachitatu chinali kutsegulidwa kwamtsinje kumpoto chakumadzulo, sikunakwaniritsidwe. Koma Hawaii Hawai ndi Christmas Isrisimo idatsegulidwa.
Moyo Wanu
Ku England, James Cook adabweranso mu 1762. Pambuyo pake, Disembala 21 wa chaka chomwecho, woyendetsa sitimayo avala mabatani a Elizabeth. Adali ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi, James ndi Elizabeti amakhala kum'mawa kwa London. Mwana woyamba, yemwe amatchedwa James, amakhala ndi zaka 31. Moyo wa enawo umafupikitsa: Ana awiri adakhala ndi zaka 17, mwana m'modzi - mpaka 4, ndipo anthu ena awiri sanali ndi moyo zaka.
AMBUYE amene pambuyo pake anamenyedwa ndi Akazi a Cook. Mwamuna wake atamwalira, Elizabeti anamwalira zaka 56, anamwalira ali ndi zaka 93. Mkaziyo amasangalala ndi James, anayeza zonse ulemu ndi zomwe amakhulupirira komanso amakhulupirira. Pamene Elizabeti akufuna kuwombera, ananena kuti "Mr. Cook anali asanachite izi." Akuluwa asanamwalire, anayesa kuwononga mapepala aokha komanso mwamuna wake wokondedwa, akukhulupirira kuti zomwe zinali zimenezo zinali zopatulika kwambiri kwa alendo. Anaikidwa m'manda ku kusungidwa kwa banja ku Cambridge.
Imfa
Pakapita nthawi yachitatu ndi komaliza, komaliza, Januware 16, 1779, James anafikira zilumba za Hawaii. Anthu okhala pachilumbachi adayang'ana kwambiri zombo. Omwe a naviga adawatulutsa m'zaka zingapo,000, Hawaiizi adaphika Mulungu wawo. Poyamba panali ubale wabwino pakati pa gulu ndi okhalamo, koma kuchuluka kwa zakufa zochitidwa ndi Hawaiya. Kusamvana kunamera kunatentha konse.
Kumva mapangidwe a vutoli, pa February 4, gululi lidachoka pamphepete, koma chifukwa cha sitima yamkuntho, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kunayambitsidwa. Pa February 10, zombo zimakakamizidwa kuti zibwerere, koma malingaliro a Hawaiya anali odana kwambiri. Pa February 13, Mafunso adabedwa kuchokera ku desiki. Kubwezeretsa kunalephera ndipo kunatha kugundana.
M'mawa wa tsiku lotsatira Barcas adabera, kuphika kunkafuna kubweza katunduyo, kuyesera kuti atenge mutu wa mtsogoleri. James atazunguliridwa ndi anthu ake adatsogolera mtsogoleri, adakana kupita pagombe. Pakadali pano, pakumva kuphedwa kwa anthu a ku Brital a komweko, kusokoneza zinthu zoyipa pakati pa Hawaia. Kaputeni James Cook ndi oyendetsa sitimayi anamwalira kuchokera kwa Hawaians panthawiyi pa February 14, 1779.
Kukumbuka
Monga msonkho kwa kukumbukira kwa woyendetsa bodzi wamkulu wa James Cube:
- Strait Cook, Slotch New Zealand, idatsegulidwa ndi James mu 1769. Pamasewera a sitima ya Abel Talman asadawoneke.
- Polemekeza woyendetsa sitimayo, malo osungirako aboma ku Pacific adatchulidwa.
- Polemekeza sitima yoyamba, gawo lophika limatchedwa gawo. Paulendo, kuwomba kwa anthu kwa anthu kumwezi kunachitika.
- Chipilala kwa Yakobo Cuccu adatsegulidwa mu 1932, pa Ogasiti 10, ku Victoria Square mu mzinda wa Christarch. Lingaliro lolimbikitsa Navigator wamkulu ali wa mabuku a bookmaloko ndi Philannthropus - Matther Barnett. Anakonza mapulojekiti, ndipo atalipira pawokha pantchito ya William Tesilzov ndikuwonetsa chipilala kupita ku mzinda.
- Carater pa Mwezi, womwe udatchulidwa panyanja mu 1935.
- Vladimir Vysotsky adapereka gawo laling'ono lolemba.
Tsopano cholowa chaphika chinakhala dianies yake, yomwe masiku ano ndiofunika kwambiri ofufuza. Mbiri ya James ili ndi gawo lalikulu la zinthu zokongola, ndipo woyang'anira yekhayo amawerengedwa kuti ndi wopeza bwino kwambiri.