Chiphunzitso
"Monga momwe mamara adatha," mwambiwu umagwiritsidwabe ntchito polankhula ku Russia. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofika kuwonongeka, kugonjetsa. Ili ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa chabe za nthawi ya chikondwerero za Chidwikov nkhondo, pomwe Dmitry Donskoy idaswa gulu lankhondo la mamaevo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Biography ya Maama ili ndi mawanga oyera, chifukwa anthu oposa 6 adachoka ku mawonekedwe ake. Mosakayikira, wobadwa mu 1335 mu likulu la golide, mzinda wa soray-batu. Kuyenda kwa fuko la Mongolia, adavomereza Chisilamu. Dzinali ndi mtundu wakale wa Mohammed wa Mohammed.
Ukwati Wabwino Kwambiri ndi Mwana wamkazi wa Khani Golden Horde adalola Amayi mu 1357 kuti atenge malo a Bechuba: Kutsogozedwa ndi Khothi Lalikulu, Gulu Lalikulu la Asitikali, Gulu Lankhondo ndi Kunja kwa Ndondomeko Yakunja. Popanda ukwati ndi tulninbek, mamaim sanalole udindo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Golide
Mu 1359, ataphedwa ndi apongozi a Berdibek Khan Tulpoy, Mamaay akulengeza nkhondo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, otchedwa "kupanikizana kwakukulu" ku Horde akuyamba. Popeza amayi sanali gengus, sakanakhoza kutenga mutu wa Khan. Kenako mu 1361 analengeza kuti ndifuke la Horde Khan (ziwalo zagolide zagolide, gawo lachiwiri lidatchedwa buluu) la phulusa. Abdullah, ochokera ku batingu.
Izi zidapangitsa ziwonetsero za ofunsira ena ku mphamvu, amayi kuchokera ku 1359 mpaka 1376 adayenera kumenya nkhondo ndi nthns zisanu ndi zinayi: pofika 1366 adatha kuwongolera gawo lakumadzulo kwa Volgana kupita ku Cirnaka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, anali ndi likulu, mzinda wa Saramu. Mu mfundo zakunja, mamara adayang'ana ku Rayprochemenement ndi European States - Venice, GenietA, kulimba kwambiri kwa Lithuania ndi ena.
Mu 1370, kusunga kwa Abullahlah adamwalira, komwe kudakhalapo, mwa dzanja la Maima. Mohammed Bulak, mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu wochokera ku mtundu wa genis adakwera kumalo ake. De Yu'e, adalamulira amayi odzipereka okhakha mpaka 1380, kufikira atamwalira kunkhondo ya ku Kuukov. M'malo mwake, amayi akulakwitsa, osatenga mutu wa Khan.
Ubale wa mdima ndi moscow unapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kumayambiriro, ulamuliro wa mama umathandizira likulu, mu 1363, pangano lochepetsa Dani lidasainidwa ndi Metropolitan Alexia. Moscow Prince Dmitry adazindikira mphamvu za amayi ndi Abin Abdullah.
Komabe, mu 1370, amayi adasankha ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka ku Mikail tver. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Dmitry ndi kuchezera kwanyumbayo adapita kunyumba ya BekstaleBbeck ndikubweza chizindikiro. Udzu wazomwezo unakulirakulira pambuyo mu 1374, squar squad idamenyedwa ku Nizny Novgorodod, yomwe idatsagana ndi akazembe a Maama. "Kufatsa kwakukulu" kunayamba, kutha konse komwe koukovsky kokha kunayikidwa.
Mu 1377, akhan Godegoge Horde Tukhtamamu anayamba kuchotsa dziko lapansi: Chapakatikati cha 1378 chinagonjetsa gawo lakummawa, buluu la horde. Kutsatira, adapita ku gawo lakumadzulo, horde woyera, pomwe mama amalamulidwadi. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1380, Tokhamysh adakwanitsa kubweza gawo lonse la golide, lokha ndi longoti ku Crimea ndi dera lakumpoto zakuthwa zidalibedwe.
Mu mikhalidwe yovuta ngati iyi, mamaya amapanga lingaliro lolinganiza kampeni ku Russia kuti atole msonkho wina. Poganizira kuti magulu ankhondo a gulu la HORDE adanyalanyazidwa, kuti ndalama za alangizi, mbalamezo zidatengedwa - zolimba, Genoesese ndi ena. Zachitika Seputembara 8, 1380. Mutu wa gulu lankhondo la Russia linali kalonga wa ku Moscow Dmitry Dmitkyoy.
Asayansi amakono amalikugwirizana ndi kuwunika kwa magulu ankhondo agolide. Ena amati Maama anali ndi anthu zikwi chimodzi, ena amakhulupirira kuti kuchokera ku magulu ankhondo okwana 100 mpaka 1500,000, ndipo pambuyo pake adaponya zingwe 30,000, zomwe zidachitika zaka zonenepa pamtunda womata, ndife Pokhulupirira kuti kumbali zonse ziwiri zinali zochokera ku 5 mpaka 10,000 ophunzira, ndipo nkhondoyi inati sinati maola atatu, monga momwe mbiri imafotokozera, ndi mphindi 20-30.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi nkhondoyi zidasungidwa m'magawo anayi: "Zadonshchyna", "nthano ya mamaev nkhondo ya KuULkov Nkhondo Yachikulu Yopanda", Mawu akuti "KuULrovskaya Nkhondo" mu Science adayambitsa N. M. Karamzin mu "Nkhani ya boma la Russia".
Asitikali adagwirizana m'dera lakulephera kwa mtsinjewo utakwezedwa kuti abweretse don, tsopano ndi gawo la dera la Tula. Kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake kusakhala maliro pa phesi kudakhala chinsinsi, kufulumira kunatha ndi zida. Komabe, mu 2006, chifukwa cha Georadara watsopano, adapeza maliro a zamatsenga a omwe akuzunzidwa. Kuperewera kwa mafupa kumafotokozedwa ndi ntchito ya mankhwala a chernozem, omwe amasungunula mwachangu nsalu.
M'mawa wa Seputembara 8, asitikali adadikirira mpaka chifunga chidzathetsedwe. Nkhondo idayamba ndi mikangano yaying'ono, pambuyo pake panali machesi otchuka a Alexander Perevaste ndi Lubeem, pomwe onse adaphedwa. Dmitry Donskoy adawona kuti nkhondoyi idachitika m'gulu la alonda, kenako lidayimirira m'magulu, kusintha zovala ndi ku Moscow Jacarian.
Mamaamwa adawona nkhondoyi kuchokera kutali. Atangozindikira kuti gulu lankhondo linagonjetsedwa, ndipo gulu lolowera ku Russia likutsiriza zotsalira za wankhondo wake, wolamulira, ananyamuka. AKAKHULUPIRIRA Khan, Kodi Maai anali beckerbeck, adamwalira pankhondo.
Kuyambira pa Seputembara 9 mpaka Seputembara 16, akufa adaikidwa m'munda. Pa manda owotchera, mpingo udamangidwa, womwe sunasungidwe mpaka lero. Kuyambira 1848, chipilala cholojekiti A. P. Brullov wakhala atayimirira pamunda wa KuULkov. Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti Dmitry Donskov wa m'munda wa Chikov adabwera mozungulira Russia kuti asule kuchoka ku ulamuliro wakunja. Kwa a Horde, kugonjetsedwa kwa Amayi kunathandizira kuphatikiza kwake pansi pa lamulo la Khakha Takhtamysh.
Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa pa Kulik, munda wamameam udayesanso kusonkhanitsa gulu lankhondo kuti abwezere ku DANRY DONSKY. Komabe, sizingatheke kutenga vuto lina ku Russia, chifukwa Khan Tukhtysh anali kuyesera kupambana pazakale za Maama.
Mu Seputembara 1380, Amayi amayi ndi gulu lankhondo la Tokhtampy adakumana kunkhondo ya "pa Kalki". Malinga ndi zokumbukira zosungidwa, kunalibe nkhondo yachindunji yapadera - gawo lalikulu la mama mamae adangosunthira kumbali ya tukhtamysh. Amayi sanasankhe kukana, kuthawa ku Crimea. Ndi chigonjetso cha Tuhhtamysh, nkhondo yapanthawi yayitali idatha, ndipo golide wagolide udali wosakwatiwa.
Moyo Wanu
Mkazi wa amayi wa amayi adatenga Talninbek, mwana wamkazi wa Khani Goldeme HORDEBUK. Ukwatiwu unali wopindulitsa chifukwa cha mdima, anapatsidwa mutu wa mpongozi wa Khani, "Gurgen". Chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa Mamai a Berdibek Bei, adalandira positi ya Beclabek - mtumiki woyamba. Uwu ndiye udindo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe "wosakhala misasa" ungagwiritse ntchito.
Mu 1380, atatayika pankhondo ku KAVSA, adathawira ku Crimea, komwe adaphedwa. Tulu, limodzi ndi Harem - akazi achichepere - ali ndi Tichtamusha. Anasankha kukwatiwa ndi amayi amasiye kuti awonjezere chovomerezeka m'maso mwa anthu aku Metropolitan.
Patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, motsutsana ndi Tokhtamphsh adapanga chiwembu, chidziwitso chomwe sichinasungidwe. Mwinanso, amayesera kuti asinthe mbadwa yake ya Batu pa mpando wachifumu. Amakhulupirira kuti omwe akutenga nawo chiwembuwo anali otsatira a Mamaar yotsogozedwa ndi Thunyunbek. Tukhoka anapha mkazi wake, akukayikira kuti wachiwembu.
Kunena kuti ndi ana angati, sizikuwoneka kuti ndizotheka. Amadziwika kuti m'modzi wa ana ake aamuna, Mayer Kiyatovich atamwalira, ndipo adapanga ulamuliro wa bambo ake ndipo adapanga zovomerezeka pakati pa a Lithuania, ndipo pambuyo pake adakhala gawo la Lithuanian.
Mwana wake Alex mu 1392 adalandira Orthodoxy, atalandira dzina la Alexander. Adakwatirana ndi mwana wake pa mwanawasasa lastog. Mphesa yachiwiri ya munthu, skider, anakhala mutu wa polovtsy kumakumadzulo kwa dera lakumpoto kwa nyanja.
M'zaka za zana la 16, akalongawo adayamba kuyitanidwa m'mawu a Lithuanian a Glinsky, dzina lake Gliank, komwe amakhala kale. Mwinanso awa ndi golide wamakono. Glinsky - mtundu wodziwika bwino wa Lithuania, pomwe Elena Glinskaya adachitika, mayi wa Ivan Grozny. Chifukwa chake, mmodzi mwa mbadwa za masamu anali wamkulu wa Moscow ndi Russia yonse.
Gensus Dishkevichichi, Vishnevetsky, ruzhinsky, istrorg, amalingaliranso ana a Maths. Mayina amtunduwu adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga Zaporozhye yamakono.
Mbadi ina ya Beclebek ndi mayi waku Ukrack Cossack. Mu 2003, kanemayo adaunikira ndi Olesya Sanina adamasulidwa pamphuno. Utoto umakhazikika pa mtundu wa wolemba za nthano za nthano ya amayi aku Ukraine. Hafu ya ritibobon idasunga ndalama zosungira ndalama.
Imfa
Pa nthawi ya kufa kwa Amayi anali ndi zaka 45, chifukwa cha imfa ndi kupha. Pali nthano zingapo za momwe mamai adamwalira. Amadziwika kuti pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa asitikali a Tokhtamysh, Mamai adathawira kudziko la Cafu (FALL FROOSIA). Anali atadzipeza chuma naye. Okhala okhala m'mbale, adachilandira adachilandira posinthanitsa ndi gawo la chuma, kenako ndikupha pa dongosolo la tichtampysh.
Malinga ndi deta ina, Maama adapita ku Toktampysh, yemwe adachita moyo wake wa Becuewbek. Han adamuyika m'manda ndi ulemu wonse, mandawo mwina ali mu Sheikh amayi (dzina lamakono - mudzi wa Aivazoykoye, sipachitali ndi Feodosia). Kurgan mwangozi adapeza mwangozi I. K. Aivazovsky. Malinga ndi deta ina, amayi a Mamaamwali amaikidwa m'manda (Cereban Statenal Celita).
Pali nthano yomwe Donika amayi adaikidwa m'manda a zida zagolide mumtsinje, woyimbidwa muulemu wake, womwe umapezeka m'gawo la mzinda wamakono wa Vallograd. Zokumba zambiri ku mamaev Kurgan mtundu sunatsimikizidwe, manda sanapezeke. Pakadali pano, Mamaev Kurgan amadziwika kuti ngwazi zolowetsa "zoopsa za nkhondo yoweta".
Kukumbuka
- 1955 - Karyshkovsky P. O. "KuULkovskaya Nkhondo"
- 1981 - Shennov A. A. "Mtsogoleri wa mbadwa za Mayiaania"
- 2010 - Kunesiaev R. yu. "Mayiai: Nkhani ya" Anti-Hero Menrication Nkhondo Yachikulu Yachikulu Yoperekedwa) "
- 2010 - Kunesiaev R. yu. "Mamai chrecture ndi mbiri yakale ya amayi (kuyesa kufalikira)
- 2012 - Pucalov A.V. "Kufunsidwa kwa ndalama zakumaia"