Samuel Marshak - Biography, Chithunzi, Moyo, Imfa

Chiphunzitso

Muzakale zasungidwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala chithunzi cha Samuel Yaklevich Marshak ozunguliridwa ndi ana. Palibe zodabwitsa, chifukwa wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba adakhalabe mnzake wowerenga pang'ono. Kukondana kwa wolemba sikungokhala mabuku a ana. Kutanthauzira kwanzeru kumatanthauza okonda mabuku achingelezi.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Samuyeli Yakovlevich adabadwa mu banja lachiyuda pa October 22 (malinga ndi kalembedwe katsopano pa Novembala 3) ya 1887. Banjali linachokera kwa ofufuza a Talmard. Bambo wa mnyamatayo ndi wochita zamadi omwe amagwira ntchito yopanda sopo, mayi - nyama zapanyumba, akulera ana ndipo amayang'ana moyo. Kuphatikiza pa Samueli, ana ena asanu adakulira m'banjamo.

Marshak-wamkulu adayesa kuzindikira zokhumba ndi kutha kwa katswiri pamunda wa chemistry, motero banja nthawi zambiri limasamuka: Vitebsk, Pokrov, Bakhm, Bakhmut. Mndandanda wa mizinda idasokonekera ku Estrogojsk mu 1900.

Pochoka ku banja lachiyuda, vutoli lidawerengedwa ku malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa malo ochepa ochepa adagawidwa kwa ana omwe adachokera. Ndiye chifukwa chake bambo ake a Marshak atapeza mwayi kupeza ntchito ku St. Petersburg, Samuel sanatsatire achibale.

Wosewera wachinyamata adafika ku likulu la tchuthi. Chimodzi mwa maulendowa chakhala chotsatira zam'tsogolo za wolemba zomwe adalemba. Mnyamatayo akuimiridwa ndi kutsutsa kodziwika bwino komanso mbiri yakale ya nthawi imeneyo ku Vladimir Statov.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nkhaniyi yokhudza ubwana ndi unyamata ku Marshak ndizosatheka popanda kutchula mabuku ndi kuthekera. Wolemba ndakatuloyo mwiniyo amene amakumbukira, ndakatulo inayamba kusankha ngakhale kale kuposa kuti anaphunzira kulemba. Ngakhale ku ma rostrogsk, data lochokera ku County yonseyo limapita ku banja la wolemba ndakatulo wachichepere kuti amvere ntchito yosangalatsa ya zolembedwa zake.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Stasov, m'manja mwake cholemba ndi ntchito ya mnyamatayo, mwayamikirapo luso la wolemba nkhaniyo ndikuthandizira kumasulira koyambirira kwa Samuel Yavovlevich Gratchsium.

Kufika ku mzinda wokhala ku Neva, masewera olimbitsa thupi akusowa mulaibulai la anthu onse, mogwirizana ndi ntchito za ophunzirira padziko lonse lapansi. Otsutsa sanaiwale kuphunzitsa chikondi cha chikondi chaluso, makamaka pantchito ya dziko la dziko lapansi.

Comrade wamkulu amabweretsa ndakatulo ndi Maxim Gorky mu 1904. Ataphunzira za mavuto a ku Marshak ndi thanzi lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi nyengo ya St. Petersburg nyengo.

Kum'mwera kwam'mwera, mnyamata wina amakhala zaka ziwiri. Mu 1906, atalandira chenjezo lokhudza chizolowezi chochitira chizolowezi chonena za Ayuda, limakakamizidwa kuti lichoke m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikubwerera ku St. Petersburg.

Pa moyo wosankhazi wa wolemba sizinasiye. Mu 1911, mnyamata wokhala ndi gulu la anzanga amapita ku Middle East monga wolemba mabuku. 1912 idalembedwa ndiulendo wopita ku England kuti akaphunzire ku Yunivesite ya London.

Kubwerera Kunyumba Yake Mu 1914, mnyamatayo anali atasintha mizinda yokhala kangapo, mpaka atasamukira ku Petrograd mu 1922.

Malembo

Ntchito za Samuel Yakovlevich idangosindikizidwa mu 1907. Buku loyamba linali mndandanda wa "Ziyonida", odzipereka ku mutu wachiyuda. Kuphatikiza pa luso la wolemba, wolemba amasangalatsidwa ndi kutanthauzira. Nthawi yomweyo, imayambanso kugwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi ndakatulo za ndakatulo zachiyuda.

Ntchito za wolemba ndakatulo wachichepere zimalembedwa kwa owerenga wamkulu. Kuzungulira kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa luso la wachinyamatayo kumatchedwa kuti ndi ndakatulo "Palestina", adalemba panthawi yoyendera. Kuwerenga ku England, amakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha chuma cha wowerengeka wa Britain ndi Scotland, matembenuzidwe a balad, komanso ntchito za a Classics.

Tsoka ilo, Bolshevik, kenako Soviet adakali wamakani kuti Russia sanadyetse kukhulupirika kosalekeza pantchito ya ndakatulo ndi olemba. Nthawi ndi nthawi, olembawo adasagawidwa ndikuwazunza. Samuel Yakovlevich anapeza njira yotuluka ndi njira yopangira talente ya ndakatulo yayikulu mu ntchito ya ana.

Wolemba anali wotchuka pokonda m'badwo wam'ng'ono. Mu 1920, zisudzo za ana oyamba zidapangidwa mu krasnodar yamakono, pa siteji ya zomwe zidachitika pamasewera a zolemba zake, monga "miyezi khumi ndi iwiri", ".

Kuyambira 1923, mabuku a ana a ndakatulo amafalitsidwa ku Petrograd, kuphatikizapo matembenuzidwe a Chingerezi "nyumba yomwe Jack idamanga" ndi zingwe zazomwe zidabalalika "," zonyansa "," zopusa mbewa yaying'ono ".

Pazaka zankhondo, kupewa kulimbikitsidwa chifukwa chosauka, Marshak amalemba mafecheni a Fatchecal, amatenga nawo gawo popanga zikwangwani za anti-fassic.

Pakupereka mabukuwa, wolemba adalandira ndalama zingapo zachikale komanso mphotho, kuphatikizapo dongosolo la Lenin, dongosolo la banr renner.

Mu 60, pomwe wopambana wa ndalamazo sanawopseze chilichonse, wolemba ndakatuloyo adatulutsa ndakatulo za owerenga akuluakulu a "amakonda. Mu 1960, chiwongola dzanja cha wolemba "kumayambiriro kwa moyo" kumafalitsidwa.

Moyo Wanu

Mkazi Sophia Mikhailovna Milvid wachinyamata wazaka zodwala adakumana ku Middle Eastrucurwar. Kuti muphunzire ku London, achinyamata adapita kale banja. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa Sophia Mikhailovna adakhala bwenzi lenileni komanso malo osungiramo zinthu zakale.

Anthu a m'masiku ena anazindikira kuti amakwatirana, ngakhale anali ndi kusiyana pakati pa maonekedwe ndi zilembo, zomwe zimagwirizana bwino. Marshak ndi munthu wolenga, yemwe adasiyanitsidwa ndi mkwiyo, ndipo Sophia Mikhailovna - Sofiya Mikhailovna - The Social "Techn" Woyamba "

Mwa njira, Samuel Yavlevich adakumana ndi scatleton yosatheka. Amati nkhani yokhudza munthu wochokera kwa wolemba ndakatulo wa Street Street adalemba.

Bwenzi labwino kwambiri la Soviet Devya mwini wakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi ana awo. Mu 1915, woyamba kubadwa kwa okwatirana ndi a Marshakov, mwana wamkazi wazaka chimodzi Natanayeli, anagwetsa Samovar wowira. Mwana adamwalira chifukwa cha Burns adalandira.

Patatha zaka ziwiri atakumana ndi vuto, mwana wa Emanueli adawonekera kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo mu 1925 - Yakov. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mwamunayo ndi mkazi wake akugwedeza ana. Mwa njira, "nthano ya nkhope yopusa" yalembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo wina kuti apeze ndalama zochizira Emmania.

Tsoka ilo, mwana wamwamuna wamng'ono wa Yakov anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu pazaka 21. Mwana woyamba wamwamuna amakhala moyo wokhala ndi moyo wonse, ndipo linakhala katswiri wasayansi yemwe anali ndi katswiri wamakhalidwe ojambula a kujambulidwa. Zofanana, bamboyo anali kuchita matanthauzidwe.

Zabwino ndi Zomvera M'MENE, Samuel Marshak mu zaka zovuta za kuzunzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa kwa ntchito ya olemba momwe amatetezera anzawo. Osawopa, wolemba ndakatulo adasandulika anthu ambiri a NKVD, akutchulidwa poteteza ntchito za I. A. Brodsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn.

Kuyesayesa kunayamba kunenedwa ndi cosmopolitism ndi marshak. Kuphatikiza apo, mphekesera zidakweza kuti ma ablicts abbiles adasungidwa m'mavesi a ana. Popeza anali Myuda wochokera ku Talmud, pali zambiri zolembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo wa ndakatulo za Zions, koma m'mabuku a ana, sizinapeze zionetsero.

Imfa

Pamapeto pa moyo wake, wolembayo amachititsa khungu.

Wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu adatsala pa Julayi 4, 1964, kupulumuka mpaka zaka zakale. Choyambitsa Imfa chimadziwika kuti chimatha kupweteka mtima. Mazana a abwenzi ndi mafani apangidwe amadziwika kuti ndiwabwino kwa Samuel Yaklevich. Manda a wolemba ali pamanda a Novodevichy.

M'bali

Nthano za ana:

• "Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri"
• "Zinthu Zanzeru"
• "Mphaka nyumba"
• "Tereerek"
• "Chuma cha mbewa yaying'ono"
• "Tale za mbewa yanzeru"
• "Chifukwa chiyani mphaka idatchedwa mphaka"
• "Mphete ya Rofa"
• "Wokalamba, kutseka chitseko!"
• "Katundu"
• "Kodi mpheta idayamba liti?"
• "Kusautsa - Zolakwika"
• "Kuyendera Mfumukazi"
• "Tale za mbuzi"

Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zina:

• "Moto"
• "Makalata"
• "Nkhondo ndi Dnipro"

Ndakatulo:

• "Nkhani yokhudza ngwazi yosadziwika"

Imagwira ntchito pamutu wankhondo ndi zandale:

• "Asitikali asitikali"
• "Byl-Nasbylita"
• "Chaka chonse"
• "Oyang'anira Dziko Lapansi"