Chiphunzitso
Dzina la Stanislav lem amadziwa bwino mafani a nthano. Chimodzi mwa oimira bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi adalemba pafupifupi mazana awiri, omwe adamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo 46, ndipo mabuku amawerengedwa ndi mamiliyoni a makope. Adawauza owerenga omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chomwe chikuyembekezeredwa munthawi ya ukulu ndi zotopetsa, ndi zovuta zopeza kumvetsetsa koopsa ndi chitukuko chambiri.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mu ulaliki wake wa mbiriyo, wolemba komanso wafilosofi adadzitcha kuti chilombo, chifukwa chimaperekedwa kuchokera ku Stanikivu ya Stachislav kwa aliyense kuzungulira. Lemu adabadwa mu Seputembara 1921 m'banja la adotolo, zotetezeka ndi miyezo ya nthawi imeneyo. Pofika zaka zinayi, mnyamatayo anali atatha kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Banja limakhala ku Lviv, lomwe kale ndi umwini wa ku Poland nthawi imeneyo.
Maphunziro achiwiri a Stanislav amalandiridwa m'magulu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe adadziwika dzina la wolemba mbiri wa ku Poland komanso wofalitsa wa Karol Shain. Kuyesa kulowa mu Polytechch Tititutes sikunali korona kuti zinthu zikuyendereni bwino, malinga ndi kudzipatula, chifukwa cha "cholakwika" kwa Bourgeois wosanjikiza. Abambo adalumikizana ndi maulumikizidwe akale ndikuphatikiza mwana wamwamuna yekhayo ku yunivesite yachipatala.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itayamba, ndinayiwala za kuphunzira, Stanislav idakhazikika kugwira ntchito mu garaja pamakina a garaja. Kuyambira ku Ghetto, banja lachiyuda lokha lidapulumutsidwa ndi zikalata zabodza. Kuchokera kuntchito, Stanislav, malinga ndi zojambula za Israeli, mabomba a ku Spakal, amapereka kukana kwa anti-fastist.
Pamapeto pa nkhondo, lem, osafuna kukhala nzika za Soviet, mu chimango cha kubwezeretsedwanso kusamukira ku Krakow. Nawo jr. Komabe kumaliza maphunziro azachipatala m'taudindo wakale kwambiri ku Europe - Yaghellon University. Komabe, kulandira chiwerengero cha omaliza maphunziro a StaniSlav anakana, chifukwa sindinapeze chokongola pantchito ya dotolo wankhondo.
Malembo
Zosangalatsa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa, malinga ndi akatswiri aluso za wolemba, zomwe adapulumuka chisinthiko. Ngati mungakhale ndi chiyembekezo, osavuta kuti mumvetsetse buku la "Magellanovo Mtambo" ndi nkhani ya "racer mu Labymeatiout Bikes, zophatikizira mu" nyenyezi za Jion Piche "kuzungulira . Buku la Sayansi Labwino Kwambiri "Edeni" pamaulendo a gulu lankhondo pa pulaneti lokhala ndi dzina lomwelo ndipo silikutchedwa malongosoledwe a "zoyipa kwambiri zoopsa".
Kulemba Stinislav kunayamba pa benchi. Ntchito yoyamba ya "munthu wochokera ku Mars" adasindikizidwa mu "Dziko Latsopano Lodziwika". Pambuyo potulutsa buku la "a nyenyezi", Lemu anatchuka kwenikweni, ngakhale kuti wolemba anali m'ubongo wake yemwe ali ndi kukayikira kwakukulu, ndipo, akugogoda ufulu wake, ofalitsa ankakhala nthawi yambiri komanso misempha.
Monga wolemba mbiri yotanthauzira sayansi za Stanislav Lem adalankhula pambuyo pa nyenyezi ". Ngwazi yayikulu ya bukuli ndi wa mu chombo yemwe adabwera kuchokera ku ulendo wodutsa zaka zana ndikuyambitsa chitukuko chopanda nkhondo padziko lapansi.
Buku la "losagonjetseka" limaperekedwa kwa omwe si misonkhano yopanda maloboti a maloboti a ma robotige omwe aphunzira kuti angosintha, koma kupita patsogolo. Ofufuzawo akumvetsa kuti palibe chifukwa chomenyera njira, popeza ndi gawo la dziko lapansi, ndipo umunthu suli woyenera kusokoneza moyo wokhazikika.
Nkhani ina ya lem - "solaris" imadzipereka kulumikizana ndi malingaliro anzeru. Nkhani ya anthu omwe ali ndi nyanja a Boris Boris adatengedwa kupita ku ntchito zabwino kwambiri za mtundu wabwino kwambiri. Bukuli linali maziko a chithunzi chosadziwika cha Andrei Tarkovsky. Kupanda kutero, kusewera "komwe mumakhala, Mr. Jones?" - Andrzey Waida adawombera nthabwala "mkate", ndipo Peter Stein - Sangweji ".
Kuyambira mu 1971 mpaka 1974, nkhani 16 zidaperekedwa mogwirizana muzotolera "zenizeni". Mmenemo, Stanislav adawonetsa talente yomwe adalipo mwazomwe adalirira, kulemba ndemanga zachinyengo komanso zowunikira zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zopeka zomwezo.
Kuphunzira, ngati kuti mwapeza muzochita za StaniSlav Lem, amadziwika kuti ndi buku "fiasco", lofalitsidwa mu 1987. Pambuyo pake, sayansi imadzichepetsera Yekha polemba nkhani ndikuwongolera, sanabwezeretsedwenso ku fomu yayikulu.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90s, nkhani ya bomba la Megabit Bupuy idawona dziko lapansi - zowonetsera za lema za makompyuta pakompyuta panthawiyo pomwe palibe amene amaganiza pa intaneti ngati chinthu china chilichonse.
Moyo Wanu
Ku Yagilln University, Lem anakumana ndi Barbara Lesnik, yemwe ankaphunzira pamenepo pa radiologist. Pambuyo atatu kapena amene adagula, mtsikanayo adavomera kukhala mkazi wake Hanislav. Malinga ndi zifanizo za womasulira - wolemba Konstantin, Barbara adagwira ntchito yopentedwa ndi penshoni, popeza sankafuna kuti ziimiridwe ngati wokwatirana naye.
Mu 1968, mwana wobadwa wa nthawi yayitali anabadwa kuchokera ku sayansi. Tomasi waphunzira ku Yunivesite ya Vienna, panthawi ya United States, ku Princeton, adatenga bizinesi yosindikiza.
Kuphatikiza pa ziyankhulo za Chipolishi, zaku Ukraine ndi Russia ndi Russia, Steniki ali ndi Chingerezi, Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa. Za momwe abambo ake adamphunzitsa zilankhulo, Tomasch adauza zokumbukira zomwe zili "kumbuyo komwe kumachitika padziko lapansi."
Lemu anali kufooka kwa magalimoto, wotchi imatha kulankhula pamutuwu. Wolemba wina amakonda maswiti, adakhala woyang'anira wotchinga ku Krakowia Hotel, Reserver's Reserve ndi marzipan a chokoleti Panthawi yopuma, a Furritulost Werengani Sederivich, anamvera ming'oma ndi ulusi, wowonera "nyenyezi nyenyezi" ndi Bodia.
Kumayambiriro kwa 80s, Stinislav amakhala ku Vienna, mwamwayi - pakuitanidwa ndi chiyanjano cha olemba ku Austria. M'malo mwake, malinga ndi Mwana wa sayansi, zifukwa zonyamuka zimakulekani, kuzindikira kwa kulemberana makalata, kulephera kudziwa zatsopano za masiku padzikoli.
Banja Lem sanatulutsidwe, ndipo adakakamizidwa kuti abwerere. Stanislav idabweretsa mkazi wake ndi mwana wamwamuna mu 1983 ndipo adakhala ku Vienna kwa zaka zisanu. Popeza anali ku malonda achilendo, wolemba akadafuna kudzoza, kwa masiku angapo sanachoke mnyumbayo, mosaganizira maonekedwe, amakumbukiridwanso TASA lem.
Kusamuka kwa Lem sikunadziwike ku Ussr: Ofalitsa adakana kufalitsa kwa "futurological Congress". Buku Lokhudza Moyo wa Mtundu wa anthu mothandizidwa ndi Halviet Union idasindikizidwa kokha.
Imfa
Wolemba za nzeru za filosofi "kuchuluka kwa ukadaulo" wodutsa kuchokera ku moyo mu Marichi 2006 ku Chipatala cha Krakow.
Choyambitsa kufa kwa Stanislav chakhala kusokonekera kwa mtima komwe kunatsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga, mavuto okhala ndi impso ndi kutupa. Kukhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu mpaka kumapeto kunakhalabe okhulupirika kwa iyemwini, kukaitana malo kumene munthu amawonekera kumene munthuyo akuwunika.
M'bali
- 1951 - "openda nyenyezi"
- 1955 - "Magellanovo Mtambo"
- 1959 - "Edeni"
- 1961 - "Solarus"
- 1964 - "Nsombu ziwiri"
- 1964 - "Momwe chilengedwechi chapulumuka"
- 1971 - "Thenk"
- 1971 - "Zabwino Kwambiri"
- 1976 - "Ruber"
- 1976 - "chigoba"
- 1980 - "Kukhumudwa"
- 1982 - "Kuyendera"
- 1983 - "Zida za m'zaka za zana la 20, kapena chisinthiko pansi pake"
- 1987 - "fiasco"
- 1992 - "Mwambi"
- 1999 - "Ulendo Womaliza wa Jion of Quon"
- 2006 - "Mpikisano waddletniki"