Chiphunzitso
Olemba mbiri yakale amatcha Takhtamysh komaliza kwa HOREE imodzi. Pambuyo pa Mamala, a Mongol-a Mongol omwe adagonjetsa malo a Mongol, wolamulira adasonkhanitsa malo obalalika a Boma. Malinga ndi ziphaso zosungidwa, tukhahtamys zinali kupsa mtima, omwe anathandiza munthu kuti apereke kumutu wa gulu lankhondo la zaka 25.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Tsiku lobadwa kwa mtsogolo kangolide horde silikudziwika, koma wodana ndi msirikali wotchuka amatsata mosavuta. Tohtampysh adabadwira mu banja la TuY-Khoji - mwana wa JunI Khan ndi mdzukulu wa Genghis-Khan. Banja lobadwa linali la mzera wolamulira, koma analibe mphamvu zambiri m'banjamo.
Mu 1364, tuy-Khoji, wolamulira wovomerezeka wa Mangyshlak Peninsula, amapha wachibale wapamtima. Zomwe zimayambitsa mkanganowu zinali kukana kwa abambo toktahtambys kutenga nawo mbali munkhondo yosafunikira. Bolo la Peninela limapita kwa abale am'tsogolo Khan. Mnyamata wina, pofuna kuthawa kuti zitheke, amaswa kangapo kuchokera ku Horde.
Komabe, wachinyamatayo amabwereranso kunyumba kuti asathe kuwongolera wolamulira wovomerezeka wa Peninen. Tukhtamysh, amene safuna kupirira chikhumbo chotere, mu 1375 amathawa kuti asakhale ndi Timrur (wolamulira wa kumayiko oyandikana) ndikupempha munthu chitetezo.
Kuyesera kwa abale anunso kubwereranso ku Tokhamyyy adatha chifukwa cholephera. Timr sanataye mnyamatayo ndipo ngakhale anapereka wachinyamata wokhala ndi gulu laling'ono lankhondo. Kumbuyo kwa nkhondo zosalekeza, ururper ulur, ndi takhtamysh adalengeza wolamulira wovomerezeka wa Mangyshlaka. Koma zotembenukira uku sizinagwirizane ndi atsogoleri akomweko.
Pobwerera kunyumba ndi chigonjetso, Towen amapezanso mpando wachifumuwo. Pakadali pano mdani wa mnyamatayo anakhala Tim-Anlan. Wolamulira watsopanoyo anapita pampando wachifumu. Anthu osavuta omwe sanagwirizane ndi boma losankhidwa ndi atsogoleri olamulira akuyitanitsa Tokhtamysh kubwerera. Ndipo mnyamatayo sanaganize kusiya malo ovomerezeka.
Kugonjetsa ndi Kupita
Mu 1378, atadziwa bwino udindo watsopano, tukhtampysh amachoka kukagwira ntchito yankhondo. Cholinga choyamba cha wolamulira wachinyamatayo anali dera la Valga ndi gawo lomwe limalamulira. Kugwidwa kumadutsa mwachangu komanso popanda kutayika kwakukulu. Podzafika nthawi ya Tokhtampysh, Mamai adataya kale mphamvu kuposa oyang'anira Khan New. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, golide wonse wagolide adagwera a khan wachichepere.
M'chaka chomwecho, Vladyka watsopano amatumiza akazembe ku akalonga aku Russia. Zozolowera kusintha kosalekeza kwa olamulira, olamulira a Rusi adazindikira Takhtamysh, koma adasiya kupereka msonkho. Pambuyo pa chigonjetso ku Nkhondo Yakukuv, aboma sanazindikire kuti ali ndi vuto.
Kuti mutsimikizire mphamvu yanu, Tukhtamysh imapita ku Moscow kwa patokha. Ali m'njira, khan amapatsa ankhondo kuti aba ndi kusala misonkhano yonse. Nthawi yomweyo, deti yayikulu idasunthira rus thai.
Komabe, posachedwa Dmitry Donskoy ndi Andrei olimba mtima pofotokoza za gulu lankhondo la Chitari-Mongolia. Akalonga adathamangira kotheratu kuti atolere gulu lankhondo, koma analibe nthawi. Moscow sanatetezedwe, mantha adayamba mumzinda.
Masiku atatu akuzingidwa sanabweretse zotsatira zake, kotero Khan adaganiza zopita pachinyengo. Kumvetsetsa chisokonezo cha anthu, wolamulira wagolide Horde adalonjeza kuti supula onse ngati Moscow akatsegula chipata. Anthu adakhulupirira. Atatseguka pachipata, gulu lankhondo la Chitango litawonongeka ndipo anawotcha moskow pang'ono.
Kubwerera kwa Sarai, Torkhysh adayamba kugwirizana ndi wachikale - Khan Tir. Alangizi omwe adakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya mnansi adaperekedwa kuti aphatikize malo atsopano kupita ku Horde. Zochita zankhondo zomwe zidachitika zasonyezedwa kuti magulu a khans awiri ndi olingana, koma pomenyera nkhondo ya Andurchi River Tukhtamysha adagonjetsedwa.
Kugonjetsedwanso kwachiwiri ku Tim, yemwe adaganiza zowukira zobwezera ku Horde, zidachitika nyengo yozizira ya 1395. Kutayika kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti Taktampysh adathamangira kumzinda wa Bulgar (Panopa ku Tatarstan).
M'chaka chomwecho, malo omwe United Tuktamysh adatayanso malo ogwirizana. Gogolide adagawika kumenya nkhondo. Koma khan lalikulu atangobwera, anthu ambiri okakamira pampandowo adazimiririka. Kukana kunali kokha tinka. Emirir olumikizidwa ndi iye, olumikizidwa ndi ukwati Uzami ndi mwana wamkazi wa Takhtampysh.
Kuyesera kuthamangitsa Tiura-kutcut kuchokera kudera la Horde adatha pogonjetsedwa. Han amasiya anthu ndi abale. Apa nthawi ino bambo amapempha malo osungira ku Lithuanian wolamulira wa Vitovt. Kupambana komwe ka Timror watumizidwa kumayiko ena ndipo kumafuna kuchotsedwa kwa mdani wochokera kwa Lithuania.
Kuzindikira kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri (gawo ndi okwanira), Vitovt amakana kwa achinyamata am'mpando wachifumu. Koma patapita nthawi, tinasonkhana kuti tikalingane ndi mwayi, ndikubweretsa gulu lankhondo lalitali.
Nkhondo ya Chitata ndi Ilutali yatha ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa omaliza. Tohtampysh ali ndi nthawi yothamanga ndikubwerera ku nkhokwe zakwawo. Komabe, mkangano wa A Khahan ndi Emir limatenga zaka zina zambiri. Onsewa, amuna adalowa kanthawi kotseguka nthawi 15.
Moyo Wanu
Mkazi woyamba wankhondo wamkulu anali mtsikanayo dzina lake Tagai-bick. Mkazi adabereka mkwatibwi wa ana asanu: Ana atatu ana amuna ndi akazi awiri. M'modzi mwa atsikanawo ndipo chifukwa chake Taktamphsh anapha mnzace.
Janinka Hanech, yemwe adayitanira mtsikanayo, kufikira ambiri, adakwatirana pang'ono wothandiza kwambiri wa abambo ake. Koma panthawi yosemphana ya nkhondo ndi Timrer, mwamuna wa Janki adasiya mayeso. Wokwiya tuhhtampysh analowa m'malo mokwiya pa mnzake, atazaza mkazi wamoyo.
Wolemba mbiri ya A. P. Grigoriev amatsutsa kuti Tullunbeck Khanum adaphatikizidwanso mwa akazi a Khani lalikulu. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Amayi Tokhtambysh, anaomba za A Han wakale wakale. Kuti muteteze udindo wanu, bambo amavala mkazi wamasiye.
Mu 1386, tulnbek Khatum inamwalira ndi mwamuna wake yemwe. Tukhtamysh adakayikira mzimayi wina chifukwa cholumala ndi adani, motero adachotsa mnzanuyo, osazindikira kukayikira. Koma pali mtundu womwe mkazi adagonjera chilango cha kuphedwa chifukwa chopereka kwa mwamuna wamkulu.
Mayina a akazi ena awiri a khangolide hodede amadziwika kuti: Shukr-Bika-Bika-Eya ndi Urin-ck. Yoyamba inali chibwenzi ndi Amir Corkaka ndipo inabala Tokhtamysh mwana wamkazi bakha-bick-hanech. Wachiwiri sanatatamandire ndi achibale olemera, koma adabereka Hanu ndi mwana wamkazi wamwamuna awiri.
Tsopano kuchuluka kwa mbadwa zonse za Toktamysh zimayambitsa mikangano yokhazikika pakati pa ofufuza. Mtunduwo umagawidwa kuti, pamodzi ndi ana a mdzakazi, Great Khan anabereka nthawi 13, ndipo olowa m'malo 9 anabadwa mwa akazi ovomerezeka. Koma mwana wam'ng'ono wa wolamulirawo, anati Ahmet, anabadwa kuchokera mwa mmodzi wa akazi atamwalira. Chifukwa chake, kukhala kwathu pamphaka kumayambitsa kukayikira kwina, chifukwa tsiku lenileni la mawonekedwe la mwana silikudziwika.
Imfa
Moyo wa Khan Gogolde Horde adadula mu 1405 pafupi ndi thonje. Mwamuna wina yemwe adakhala zaka zingapo zapitazi munkhondo ndi mmodzi adalandira chidziwitso cha imfa ya mdani. Popanda moyo wamantha, Toorma adapita paulendo popanda kumuteteza.
Mormcia, ndi gengus pamodzi, kuwaza ndi kufalitsa kwa ankhondo akuwukira mwadzidzidzi. Adani adula njira ya mwamunayo kuti abwerere. Khan sanamvetse bwino mochedwa kuti adalowa kumadzulo, ndipo samatha kubisala. Ngakhale kuti ogogoda kwambiri, Tuhhtamysh adalowa kunkhondo ndipo nthawi yayitali anali kumenyera nkhondo. Koma mabala angapo adachepetsa munthu yemwe safuna kudzipereka ku chifundo cha mdani, ndipo sanachoke takhtaythe mwayi wothawa.
Kukumbuka
M'mabuku:
- Tohtampysh ndi Timr, Kulephera Kulephera
- "Rus motsutsana ndi Tokhamysh. Kutentha Moscow, "Viktor Vorotnikov
- "Kalonga Wathu ndi Khan", Mikhail Weller
- "Lalk Takhtamysha Khan Tolang", Ilya Beerezin
- "Nthawi yochita. Zoyambira ", Boris Akulanin
Ku cinema:
- 2007 - "Maboma Aku Russia" (Mister 117)
- 2015 - "Ulamuliro wa Moscow mu 1382" makanema a Video S. S. S. S. S. S. Vorukov