Chiphunzitso
Anton Makarenko ndi mphunzitsi yemwe adalowa ndi akatswiri anayi omwe adatsimikiza njira yoganiza yoganiza ya XX. Zowona, zoyenera za amuna omwe amavomerezedwa pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mphunzitsi waluso. Komabe, kwa Makarenko Mwiniwake, sizinatenge gawo lalikulu.
![Chithunzi cha Anton Makarenko Chithunzi cha Anton Makarenko](/userfiles/126/15021_1.webp)
Kuitana Kwake Kwake, Anton Semenovich adadzipereka kwambiri kwa moyo wambiri kwa achinyamata ovuta achinyamata. Ophunzira akale omwe adziwa njira zodziwika bwino za Makarenko, akwanitsa kuchita bwino ndipo adalemba mabuku ambiri odzipereka kwa aphunzitsiwo.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Pa Epulo 1, 1888, m'banja la wogwira ntchito m'sitima yapamwamba, yomwe ili mumzinda wa Beropol, Sumy County, adabadwira woyamba kubadwa. Makolo achimwemwe amatchedwa mwana wa Anton. Mwanayo atangobwera kumene, akazi a Matopanko anaonekera mnyamata wina komanso mtsikana. Kalanga ine, mwana wamkazi wotsiriza adamwaliranso kuyambira ndili wakhanda.
![Anton Makarenko ali mwana Anton Makarenko ali mwana](/userfiles/126/15021_2.webp)
Anton wamkulu nawonso anapweteka. Mnyamata wachichepere sanatenge nawo gawo lodziwika bwino, nthawi yosankha yocheza ndi mabuku, omwe mnyumbamo Makarenyo anali kokwanira. Ngakhale anali ndi udindo wowansi ndi Maola, bambo a Mphunzitsi wamtsogolo ankakonda kuwerenga ndi kuphunzitsa ana.
Kutsekedwa ndi Myopia, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalasi ovala a Anton ovala a Anton atavala, adapanga mnyamatayo pakati pa anzawo. Kwa mnyamatayo nthawi zambiri komanso mwankhanza. Mu 1895, makolo anapatsa mwana sukulu ya pulaimale iwiri, yomwe anali ku Anton. Chithunzi cha chirombo sichinawonjezere mwana pamaso pa olunjika.
![Anton Makarenko Mu Achinyamata Anton Makarenko Mu Achinyamata](/userfiles/126/15021_3.webp)
Mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 13, banjali linasamukira ku mzinda wa kryukov, kuti ana a Maarenko atha kupitiriza maphunziro awo. Anton adalowa Sukulu ya Kremenchnch 4-kalasi yomwe idamaliza maphunziro awo ndi zikalata zoyamikirira.
Mu 1904, Anton kwa nthawi yoyamba akuganiza za ntchito yamtsogolo ndipo amabwera ndi womvera pamaphunziro a plagagogical, pomwe chimaliziro chomwe chimalandira ufulu wophunzitsa pasukulu ya pulaimale.
Ptagogy
Ophunzira oyamba a Maarenko adakhala ana a mzinda wa kryukov. Koma pafupifupi anton nthawi yomweyo amazindikira kuti kudziwa ntchito sikokwanira. Mu 1914, mnyamatayo amalowa m'bungwe la aphunzitsi a Poltava. Mofananamo ndi kupeza kwa chidziwitso chatsopano, anton amapereka ntchito nthawi yambiri polembera. Nkhani yoyamba ndi "tsiku lopusa" - Makarenko amatumiza Gokay.
![Maxim Gorky ndi Anton Makarenko Maxim Gorky ndi Anton Makarenko](/userfiles/126/15021_4.webp)
Poyankha, wolembayo amatumiza kalatayo kwa Anton, komwe ntchitoyo imadzudzulira. Pambuyo kulephera kwa Makarennko, zaka 13 sizingayese kulemba buku. Koma ubale ndi mphunzitsi wowawa umathandizira pa moyo wonse.
Mwamunayo adayamba kupanga dongosolo lake lokonzanso lomwe likugwira ntchito ku Colony wa olakwira m'mudzi wa Kovalevka, pafupi ndi poltava. Makaya anayambitsa njira yomwe achinyamata ovuta achinyamata adagawika m'magulu komanso kukhala okonzeka kudzidalira. Chinsinsi chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha olamulira, koma nkhani ya kugunda kwa ana (Makarnnko nthawi ina idagunda wophunzirayo) adasiya mphunzitsi wake.
![Pedagogue Anton Makarenko Pedagogue Anton Makarenko](/userfiles/126/15021_5.webp)
Pezani ntchito yatsopano pamene mphunzitsi anathandiza zowawa. Wolemba adawonetsa kusintha kwa Makarenko kupita ku Colony, pafupi ndi Kharkov, ndipo adalangizanso kuti ayesetse kupanga ntchito yolemba.
Mu bungwe latsopanoli, Anton Semenovich adakhazikitsidwa kale. Motsogozedwa ndi munthu, achinyamata ovutawo anayamba kupanga makamera odyetsedwa. Mofananamo ndi nkhani zokhudza njira zatsopano za Malarennn, ntchito zitatu za mphunzitsi zimasindikizidwa: "March 30," FD - 1 "ndi ndakatulo yogonera".
![Anton Makarenko ndi Ophunzira Anton Makarenko ndi Ophunzira](/userfiles/126/15021_6.webp)
Ndipo oimira aboma, tsatirani mosamala mphunzitsiyo, anasiya kuyesa. Makarnnko adasamutsidwira ku Kiev kupita ku positi ya Wothandizira Wothandizira Madera Ogwira Ntchito.
Pozindikira kuti sizingalole kubwerera mlandu womwe mumakonda, Makarenko amadzimasulira kuti alembe mabuku. Ndakatulo ya "Pedagogical" idapereka munthu mu Union of Soviet. Chaka chotsatira, anthu osadziwika amabwera ku dzina la omwe anali mphunzitsi wakale. Makarnko akuimbidwa mlandu wotsutsa Stalin. Anton Semenovich, anachenjezedwa ndi omwe kale anali nawo, adatha kusamukira ku Moscow.
![Mabuku Anton Makarenko Mabuku Anton Makarenko](/userfiles/126/15021_7.webp)
Ku likulu, bambo akupitiliza kulemba mabuku. Pogwirizana ndi mkazi wake, Makarenko limaliza "buku la makolo", komwe limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe akuwonera ana. A Anton Semenovich amati mwana amafunikira gulu lomwe lizithandiza kusintha pagulu. Ndizofunika kwenikweni kwa munthu mwayi wokhoza kwaulere.
Ntchito yotsatira inali mkhalidwe wotsatira wa chitukuko - ana a Makarenko pawokha amapeza zosowa zawo. Pambuyo pake, ntchitoyi, monga zolengedwa zina za Anton Semenovich, zishango. Mutamwalira kale aphunzitsi, ndakatulo ya ndakatulo "idzamasulidwa pazithunzizo," mbendera pa nsanja "ndi" zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ".
Moyo Wanu
Chikondi choyamba cha Makarenko chinakhala Ezaroveta Fedorovna grigorovich. Pofika nthawi ya msonkhano ndi Anton, mayiyo anali atakwatirana kale ndi wansembe. Kuphatikiza apo, wokondedwayo anali wosankhidwa wamkulu kwa zaka 8. Omwe amawadziwa anakonza zojambula za mwamuna wake Elizabeti.
![Anton Makarenko ndi Ezaveta Grigorovich Anton Makarenko ndi Ezaveta Grigorovich](/userfiles/126/15021_8.webp)
Pa 20, Anton adagona ndi anzawo ndipo amaganiza zodzipha. Kuti apulumutse moyo wa mnyamatayo, wansembeyo anatsogolera Makarenko kucheza kwambiri ndipo anakopanso zokambirana Elizabeti. Posachedwa achinyamata anazindikira kuti anali mchikondi. Nkhani idasinthira aliyense. Akuluakulu Makanda anakwapula Mwana kuchokera kunyumba, koma Anton sanataye wokondedwa wake.
Monga Makarenko, Elizabeti adalandira maphunziro a Pelagogication ndipo, pamodzi ndi okondedwa ake, adagwira ntchito kudera la dzina la Gorky (Colony m'mudzi wa Kovalevka). Bukuli lidatenga zaka 20 ndikutha pantchito ya Anton. M'kalata yake, m'bale, aphunzitsi ananena kuti "ku Havisms a Banja Lakale Popuvskaya" adadzuka ku Elizabeti.
![Anton Makarenko ndi mkazi wake Galina Anton Makarenko ndi mkazi wake Galina](/userfiles/126/15021_9.webp)
A Batare Makarenko mu 1935. Ndili ndi mkazi wamtsogolo, aphunzitsiwo adakumana kuntchito - Galina Fakhievna adagwira ntchito ngati woyang'anira Narkomadzor ndipo adabwera ku Colony ndikuwunika. Mkaziyo adabweretsa mwana wamwamuna wa mkango, yemwe Anton Semenovich adabadwa atalembetsa mbanja.
Popereka nthawi yake yonse kwa ophunzira, Makarenko sanakhalebe bambo. Koma m'malo mwa kholo la Payanka ndi Chimero cha Olimpiad - mwana wamkazi wa mchimwene wanga. Vitaly Makarenko, kuyambira ubwana wake umagwira ntchito yoyera yankhondo, adakakamizidwa kuthawa ku Russia. Mkazi woperekera pakati amakhalabe kudziko lakwawo. Pambuyo pobadwa, mfumukaziyo idadutsa moyang'aniridwa ndi mphunzitsi.
Imfa
Makarnko adamwalira pa Epulo 1, 1939 ndi zochitika zachilendo. Mwamuna amene anabwerera kuchokera ku zosangalatsa za olemba m'madera adachedwa kuphunzitsira. A Anton Semenovich anali kudikirira mu wofalitsayo ndi nkhani zatsopano za mfundo za maphunziro. Atapha m'galimoto, Makarenko adagwa pansi osadzuka.
![Manda a anton malarenko Manda a anton malarenko](/userfiles/126/15021_10.webp)
Woyambitsa imfa ndi vuto la mtima. Linadulidwa kuti ku Moscow Makarenko amayenera kumangidwa, motero mphunzitsiyo sakanakhoza kupirira mavuto. Autopsy adawonetsa kuti mtima wa namitimayo umawonongeka mwanjira yachilendo. Thupi limawoneka ngati lofananalo ngati poizoni wagunda thupi. Koma chitsimikizo cha poizoni sanapezeke.
Makayarenko anaika m'manda a Novodevichy. Manyuzipepala a Soviet adalemba katswiri wazambiri pamasamba, komwe a Anton Semenovich adatchulidwa kuti ndi wolemba. Za zochitika zoyambira za munthu sizinasindikize mawu.
M'bali
- 1932 - "chachikulu"
- 1932 - "Zaka 30 Zaka 30"
- 1932 - "Fd-1"
- 1935 - "ndakatulo ya Pedagogical"
- 1936 - "Njira zopangira maphunziro"
- 1937 - "Buku la Makolo"
- 1938 - "Ulemu"
- 1938 - "mbendera pa nsanja"
- 1939 - "Nkhani ya Kuleredwa kwa Ana"