Chiphunzitso
Lamulo la ulamuliro wa boma lodziwika la Mary Teres limadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya ku Europe. Mkazi waluso anaphatikiza mwadala kasamalidwe ka madera akulu ndi kukulitsa ana 16.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mwana wamkazi woyamba Elizabet Christami Buwaunscheig - a Arperor Charles VI, Maria Tenderia Valburg Amalia Vristina adabadwa pa Meyi 13, 1717 mumzinda wa Vienna. Atabadwa, mawu okhumudwitsa a abambo ake adatuluka:
"Uwu ndi mtsikana chabe."Mwana wa mtsikanayo sanazindikiridwe ndi zochitika, Mfumukazi inali mumthunzi wa abambo ake. Pamodzi ndi Banja, Maria Tereya adakhala nthawi yozizira ya chaka ndi Hofburg kunyumba yachifumu, m'mphepete mwa Vienna, miyezi yozizira - m'chilimwe cha msungwanayo chinachitika kunyumba yachifumu.
Zowoneka bwino kwambiri za mtsikanayo adatcha kusintha kwa aphunzitsi. Kuleredwa kwa Mary Teresia kunaperekedwa kwa aJesuit. Anaphunzitsidwa zilankhulo zakunja, kuphatikizapo Latin, mbiri, zaluso, zojambula ndi lamulo la Mulungu. Komanso, mtsikanayo adatenga nyimbo komanso maphunziro ovina. Modabwitsa kuti mwana wamkazi waluso amatha kuyankhula mosavuta ku Italy, French, Germany ndi Spain.
Kuyambira ndili mwana, ankawoneka ngati amodzi okongola nthawi imeneyo. Maria Tepania adasiyanitsidwa ndi kulimbikira, mtsikana tsiku lililonse adadzuka 5-6 m'mawa. Anali ndi mkwiyo waukulu, amatha kukwiya msanga ndikunyinyirika. Maria Teresa anali ndi chidziwitso chonse chodzipereka komanso ulemu wa maphunziro: ukulu ndi mphatso ya Mawu.
Mu zaka zotsatira, Maria Teresia amadziwika ndi French, achingelezi ndi Prussia ndi Prussia, komanso ndi Heress wovomerezeka. Abambo sanali ndi nkhawa za tsoka la mwana wake wamkazi.
Princess adalandira maphunziro aamuna, omwe adamupangitsa mtsikana kuti aziyang'anira dzikolo. Pokwaniritsa zaka 14, Maria Teresia wakhala kale ndi mwayi wopita kumisonkhano ya boma la Bodi ya State Council.
Moyo Wanu
Msungwana wanzeru wazungulira anthu ambiri pamtima. Kusankha Karl VI idayimilira mwana wa Huke wa Kugawika, dzina lathunthu lomwe Franz Stefani Stefan. Mu 1724, adafika pabwalo la Austria kuti amalize maphunziro ndikupeza maluso ofunikira.Abambo a Mary Telasia adamubweretsa monga mwana wake wamkazi: Anaphunzitsa kuti asamake, adatenga naye mipira. France adagwirizana kuti azindikire ragmatic reaction posinthana ndi Duchy wa Larring. A Franz adakana ufulu wawukwati wokhala ndi Maria Teressia.
Pa February 12, 1736, mgwirizano wovomerezeka unatha. Nthawi yomweyo, tsiku la ukwati, banjali linakakamizidwa kulonjeza kuti sadzalandira cholowa ngati Karl VI ikadakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna. Pakadali pano amafunsidwanso kuti Maria ndi Franz atakamiza cholowa, ngati mwana wawo Anna sanabadwe m'gulu lawo, ndipo Mariya Anna, wachichepere woyamba, adzakhala wolowa wamwamuna.
Zaka zoyambirira za ukwati adaphimba nkhondo yopanda phindu ndi Turkey, yomwe idachokera pa 1737 mpaka 1739. Maore a Mary Teresia adagonjetsedwa ngati mkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Habsburg. Komabe, boma linali ndi banja lolumikizana. Pambuyo pobereka mwana aliyense, Maria adati:
"Ana sachita zokwanira."Mwana woyamba adzafika patatha chaka chokhalira limodzi, ana otsatirawa amabadwa ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2, mpaka 1756. Mariya anali ndi ana 16: 11 atsikana ndi anyamata 5.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro a mwana aliyense Maria Teresa adalandira chidwi. Ikupanga maphunziro apadera, kuphatikiza kuvina komanso zopanga. Ndipo ana adapenta, nkhani zaluso, malembo, matchulidwe ena a masamu. Kwa atsikana amaphunzitsa luso lochititsa nkhani ndi ziyeso.
Bungwe Lolamulira
Chimwemwe chowoneka bwino chinatenga nthawi yayitali, Karl VIN linamwalira mu 1740. Zotsatira zake, Maria Teresia ali ndi zaka 24 adakakamizidwa kuti akwere ku Mpando Wachifumu wa ku Austria. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, anali atakhala kale amayi ake katatu ndipo anali ndi pakati. Ntchito yolamulira pamtunda, yomwe tsopano idayimirira pamaso pa Maria, sanali ochokera m'mapapu. Kuphatikiza apo, malire panthawiyo aku Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, kumwera kwa dziko lapansi ndi dziko lapansi.
Mphiro kuchitika pa June 25, 1741 ku tchalitchi cha St. Martin, wopangidwa mu mtundu wa Gothic, mumzinda wa Presburg (tsopano - Bratislava). Mu 1745, wokwatirana naye wodalirika pansi pa dzina la Franz I, ndipo mtsikana wachichepere amakhala wachifumu waku Austria.
Maria Teresia adakumana ndi nkhope kuti ayang'ane ndi olemba zambiri a cholowa cha Austria, omwe sanali kufuna kuti amupatse ufulu wake. Koma mu 1748, aachin Source inasankha funso loti Mary Telasia, omwe nawonso adataya asiye asiye. Pambuyo pake, mu nkhondo ya zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (kuyambira 1756 mpaka 1763), Mfumukazi inkafuna kupambana gawo lino, koma kuyesayesa sikunapangidwire bwino: Silesitia adakhalabe mu mphamvu ya Friedrich II.
Mu 1765, mfumu Franz ndidamwalira mwadzidzidzi, Mary Telaa amaika mwana wa Yosefe II ndi chiwongolero chake. Komabe, zochitika zake zinangokhala kubwalo, zachuma komanso zankhondo, modziyimira pawokha popanda Joseph II sizinali.
Mu 1772, Maria Tereya amatenga nawo mbali mu gawo loyamba la Poland ndipo chifukwa cha ichi amalandila a Galicia. Ponena za Ufumu wa Ottoman - mu 1775, mayi amamupatsa bukovina. Maria Teresia adamuwonetsa kuti adadzinenera kuti "Bavaria cholowa" cha Bavaria ", ndipo kugunda kunachitika kunali pa pangano la Yeshen. Pamaziko ake, nyumba ya ku Austria idalandira dera la Anna.
Makamaka adawonetsa bolodi la Mary Teresa mu kasamalidwe kazinthu zamkati. Nthawi yopanda zidwi, adalipira kusintha komwe adakonzanso, m'mbuyomu ziphoma kale ndi kusayeruzika. Anayesa kukhazikitsa ndalama, kukonza malamulo ndikusintha magulu ankhondo.
Maria asanafike ku Austria ku Austria inali dziko lammbuyo kwambiri m'mbali zonse. Sukulu ndi kusindikiza zidalamulidwa ndi aJeit. M'mbuyomu, boma silinakhudze malangizo, koma Maria Tereteia adakakamizidwa kuyambitsa makansa chifukwa cha zomwe zili m'boma chifukwa cha zakunja.
Mu ulamuliro, Maria TeresAa amachepetsa mpingo womwe umawunikira ndipo analimbitsa kufunika kwa boma. Anachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa orchestra kubwalo, kudula cholowera kwa oimba. Komabe, Maria adasamalira kutukuka kwa sayansi ndi Art: adapeza mayunivesite, kujambula masewera olimbitsa thupi, adasintha njira yolaula. Anali amene anakhazikitsa mapangidwe a anthu osavuta, anabweretsa kuchuluka kwa masukulu mpaka zikwi 6.
Kusamala kwa boma kwachita bwino kwambiri zaulimi, chitukuko cha fakitale ndi kukulitsa malonda amkati ndi akunja.
Imfa
Pambuyo paimfa pa Novembala 29, 1780, ndili ndi zaka 63, Maria Teresia adachoka ku Boma ndi Riser, ndi gulu lankhondo la 260,000 ndikuwonjezera kutchuka ku Europe.Ogwira ntchito yamphamvu komanso anzeru Maria Teyonaa anali wokonda komanso kuchita zinthu mosangalala kwa ena. Mbiri ya Mary Telaia yadzaza ndi zochitika. M'moyo wamba, mayiyo anali mkazi wokhulupirika komanso mayi wopanda chidwi, anali ndi ana 16, 10 omwe adapulumuka.
Kukumbuka
- Polemekeza Maria Teresia, asteroidiid (295) Terezia, idatsegulidwa mu 1890.
- Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, magawano 22 a SS Maria Tendezani ma Volkskdoych omwe kale anali ndi Hungary ndi Huntry.
- Ku Vienna, chipilala ku Boma ndi anzake apamtima kwambiri mu lalikulu la Mary Teswea adzaikidwa. Ntchito zaluso izi sizokwanira kuwona zokwanira pachithunzichi, ndikofunikira kuti muwone kukhala moyo.
- Mary Teres ndi Jomproekt Austria, Hungary, Slovakia ndi Czech Republic. Filimu ya 2 mndandanda, 2017.
- Thaler Mary Teres ndi ndalama zasiliva, zosiyanasiyana za pa Thaler, zomwe zagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi nthawi yomweyo atangoyamba kutha kwa 1741.
- Polemekeza Erzzrtnogi, Mary Telaa dzina lake Rosa.
- Dongosolo la Mary Teressia - dongosolo lankhondo la ku Austria. Mfumukazi ya ku Hungary ndi Bohemia, Maria Tenderia, adakhazikitsidwa, mu 1757.