Chiphunzitso
Dzina la Robert Lewis Stevensnon kuyambira ndili mwana limadziwika kwa aliyense amene samayimira moyo wopanda buku. Zodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa zomwe zimadikirira ngwazi zantchito zake pagawo lililonse kuti zikhale kumbuyo kwa "chilumba chachuma" komanso "muvi wakuda". Ndipo ngakhale kuti ntchitozi zimadziwika kuti ndizotchuka kwambiri m'buku la m'Baibuloli, mndandanda wa mabuku a Stevenson sichimangokhala kwa iwo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba zam'tsogolo adabadwira ku Edinburgh pa Novembara 13, 1850. Abambo a mnyamatayo anali ndi ntchito yachilendo - anali injiniya yemwe anali kupanga ma beacon. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mnyamatayo atagona nthawi yayitali pabedi - zozindikira kwambiri zokakamiza makolo amasamalira mwana wake wamwamuna.
Stevenson adapezeka kuti ali ndi Croup, ndipo pambuyo pake komanso carcup (chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo), omwe m'masiku amenewo nthawi zambiri amapha. Chifukwa chake, Robert pang'ono adakhala nthawi yayitali mu "dziko losiyana" - chifukwa chake wolemba adzalemba za ubwana.
Mwinanso kuchepetsa komanso ukwati ndi kuthandizira mabwinja a Robert Lewis Steven Steven Soun Sournuon kuti ayambe kuyenda bwino komanso maulendo omwe sakanatha kuchita m'moyo. Kuphatikiza apo, nanny wa mwana wakhanda adalawa pang'ono ndi mawu amodzi, akuwerenga ndakatulo ya Robert yoyaka ndikunena nthanoyo asanagone.
Kale pa 15, a Robert Lewis Stevenson anamaliza ntchito yayikulu yotchedwa "Penteland. Abambo ake a Robert adathandizira mwana wake ndikufalitsa bukuli m'makola 100 a ndalama zake mu 1866.
Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, stevenson, ngakhale panali thanzi, ndinayamba kuyenda mu scotland komanso ku Europe ndi kujambula zithunzi ndi milandu. Pambuyo pake, nkhani izi zidafika pachikuto cha mabuku "misewu" ndi "ulendowo".
Kukula, Robert Lewis Stevenson adalowa ku Edinburgh Academy, kenako ku University of Edinburgh. Poyamba, mnyamatayo anapita kumapazi a bambo ake ndipo anayamba kuphunzira ukadaulo. Komabe, kenako adapita kwaulamuliro wa rumpirgence ndipo mu 1875 adakhala loya wotsimikizika.
Malembo
Ntchito yoyamba ya Stevenson, yemwe adabweretsa mbiri yodziwika, idakhala nkhani yotchedwa "usiku wa Francois Viyon". Ndipo kale mu 1878 prwar, kukhala paulendo wina ku France, kumamaliza kuzungulira nkhani, kufalitsa konse.
Pambuyo pa kusungidwa uku kunatchedwa gulu lodzipha ndipo kenako linakhala imodzi mwazomwe zimadziwika kwambiri za stevenson. "Kudzipha Kwambiri", komanso kuzungulira kwa nkhani ya Almaz Raji, adasindikizidwa m'magazini ambiri olemba ku Europe. Pang'onopang'ono, dzina la Stevenson lidadziwika.
Komabe, kutchuka kwakukulu kunazindikira wolemba mu 1883, pomwe zidasindikizidwa, mwinanso zabwino kwambiri Roma - "Chilumba cha Chuma Chuma". Monga ntchito zambiri zanzeru, bukuli linayamba ndi nthabwala zomwe Stevenon adakondweretsa pang'ono. A Robert Lewis adatseguka khadi kwa mwana yemwe adapangidwa pachilumba, yemwe anali atatsala pang'ono kusinthika.
Pang'onopang'ono, asitikali omwazikana adayamba kudwala chatsopano, ndipo Stevenson adakhala pansi. Poyamba, wolemba adapereka buku la "sitima yophika", koma pambuyo pake idasinthiratu "Chilumba cha Chuma". Mu ntchitoyi, monga Stevenson adazindikira, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti mabuku ena olemba ena adawonekeranso - Daniel Debo ndi Edgal. Owerenga woyamba wa buku lomaliza anali wophunzira wa wolemba komanso bambowo, koma posakhalitsa bukulo limangolankhula za okonda mabuku.
Chotsatira cha nthenga za wolembayo chimatuluka "chakuda", mu 1885 "Prince Otto" ndi Cindunal New Mbiri Yakale ya Dr. Jekyla ndi Mr. Hekda akuwonekera. Chaka chotsatira, Robert Lewis Stevenson adagwira ntchito pa nkhani zotsatizana, zotchedwa "zikwi zatsopano ndi usiku umodzi" (kapena "Mphamvu").
Ndizachilendo kuti Stevenson analemba ndi ndakatulo, komabe, anatchulanso za taona za ndakatulo za ineseurism ndipo sanayesenso kuzifalitsa. Koma gawo la wolemba ndakatulo lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa chivundikiro chimodzi ndikuganiza zolengeza. Chifukwa chake panali ndakatulo ya stevenons, idadzoza mwa kukumbukira zaka za ana. Mu Chirasha, ndakatulo idatuluka mu 1920 ndipo adalandira dzina loti "maluwa a ana". Pambuyo pake, zopereka zidasindikizidwa kangapo ndikusintha dzina loyamba.
Pofika nthawi imeneyi, banja la Stevenson, chifukwa cha "chilumba cha" chilumba cha chuma ", ndi mbali zonse. Koma, mwatsoka, thanzi la Wolemba mopitilira muyeso linadzipanga yekha. Madokotala adalangiza wolemba kuti asinthe nyengo, ndi Robert Lewis Stevenson adasamukira kudziko lakwawo kupita ku Samoa. Omwe ali ndi anthu wamba a alendo omwe alendo osawaona, posakhalitsa adadzakhala alendo okhazikika mu banja la ochereza.
Kumbuyo kwa Stevenson, mtsogoleri wa dzina la "Woyang'anira" adakhazikika - wotchedwa wolemba Aborigines, omwe adathandizira pa upangiri. Koma atsanzi oyera omwe sadakonde Robert Lewis Stevenson pa ufuluwo wa ufulu, womwe wolemba adafesa m'malingaliro a anthu amderalo.
Ndipo zowonadi, malo osachilendo a chilumbacho sichingathandize koma kulongosola ntchito za supuct: Nkhani ndi Nkhani "Zokambirana", zomwe zidachitika kuti "Romani" - Mroma "- Mroma. idatulukapo kale), "Nov-IV" idalembedwa pa Samoa. Wolemba ena amagwiritsa ntchito co-olemba ndi Pasyanka - "katundu wopanda pake", "wokoma".
Moyo Wanu
Chikondi cha wolemba woyamba anali mayi wina dzina lake Kat Drammmond, yemwe amagwira ntchito ngati woimba usiku watopa. Forky Stevenson, wokhala anyamata osazindikira, omwe amasangalatsidwa ndi mayiyu kuti akwatire. Komabe, abambo a wolemba sanalole kuti Mwana atenge mkazi wa Kat, womwe ndi a Stevenson, sanayenere ntchito imeneyi.
Pambuyo pake, ndikupita ku France, Robert Lewis Stevenson adakumana ndi Francis Matilda Osborne. Fanny - motero Stevenson ankakondana ndi wokondedwa wake - adakwatirana. Kuphatikiza apo, mayi anali ndi ana awiri ndipo anali wachikulire kuposa Steveveon kwa zaka 10. Zinkawoneka kuti zimatha kupewa kukonda kukhala limodzi.
Poyamba, zidachitika - Stevenson adachoka ku France yekha, wopanda wokondedwa, kulira maliro alephera. Koma mu 1880, fan fanny pamapeto pake adatha kusudzula mkazi wake ndikukwatiwa ndi wolemba, yemwe adakhala wa usiku wachimwemwe. Panalibe ana wamba.
Imfa
Samoa Isa si malo omwe mwalemba okha, komanso pothawirapo komaliza. Disembala 3, 1894 Robert Lewis Stevenson sanatero. Madzulo, mwamunayo mwachizolowere amatsika chakudya chamadzulo, koma mwadzidzidzi anamugwira mutu wake, akumenyera nkhondo. Maola ochepa wolemba sanakhalenso ndi moyo. Choyambitsa kufa kwa anzeru chinali sitiroko.
Pamenepo, pachilumbachi, manda a wolemba akadali osungikabe. Aaborigini, adamvadi chifukwa cha kufa kwa ngwazi ya ngwazi ya ngwazi yake ndi "mtsogoleri wa Petro", adaikidwa m'manda a Lewis Stevens, madzi m'manda a mandala kuchokera ku konkriti.
Mu 1957, wolemba wa Sontiet Borisov adalemba mbiri ya Robert Lewis Stevenson, wotchedwa "pansi pa mbendera ya Catriona".
M'bali
- 1883 - "Chilumba cha Chuma"
- 1885 - "Prince Otto"
- 1886 - "Nkhani yachilendo ya Dr. Jekyla ndi Mr. Heyda"
- 1886 - "Yogwidwa"
- 1888 - "Muvi Wakuda"
- 1889 - "mwini wa ballastre"
- 1889 - "Katundu Watsoka"
- 1893 - "Wotchingira chombo"
- 1893 - "Catriona"
- 1897 - "Woyera-Yves"