Chiphunzitso
Kutseguka komanso kusangalala Michael Svettlov kunayamba kudziwika chifukwa cha ntchito ya Grenada, yomwe aliyense pafupifupi aliyense adadziwa m'nthawi yake. Aphorisms, mawu ndi epigram Svelov nthawi yomweyo idakhala chipembedzo. Anaona wolemba ndakatulo yemwe akuwonetsa malingaliro a achinyamata amakono a nthawi imeneyo. Dzina la Svettva linakhala nthano, chifukwa wachinyamata adawona ndakatulo mwa iye amene amamvetsa zokumana nazo zauzimu za aliyense.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mikhail Arkadyevich Sheinnkman, yemwe mtsogolo mwapakati pa Svettlov, adabadwa 17 Kutengera autobiography of Mikhail, bambo ndi omwe amadziwana nawo 10 a Ayudawo adagula mapeyala osalala ndikugulitsa pamapaundi. Zomwe zimachitika zimachitika pa maphunziro a mnyamatayo, zomwe panthawiyo adaphunzira ku sukulu ya pulayimale kwambiri. Ponena za dziko, Mikhail - Myuda.
Izi zisanachitike, mnyamatayo ankaphunzira ku Melazed, yemwe analipira 5 rubles. Tsiku lina, bambo anga anaphunzira kuti ma ruble 3 adatenga ma ruble mudzi wapafupi, adabwera ndikuti Meladeda, ndipo ndidavomerezanso kuphunzitsa kalikonse, koma ndidapemphanso kuti aphunzitse mnyamatayo dipuloma.
Monga Mikhail anati, moyo wake wachikhalidwe unayamba pakadali pano pamene bambo ake adabweretsa chikwama chokhala ndi zojambulazo mnyumba. Ndibwino kuti 1 ruble 60, koma mabuku sanapangidwe kwa mnyamatayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amayi a Mikal, Rachel Ileevna, anali wotchuka mu mzinda wonse ndikupanga mbewu zokazinga, ndipo pepalalo lidafunikira ku Kulkov. Koma mwana wamakaniyo amafuna kuziwerenga ndikukwaniritsa: Mabukuwa adapita ku zilondazo pokhapokha mutawerenga.
Shainkman amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, ndalama zochokera ku buku loyamba la Mikhali mikhaling amakhala pa mkate waukulu wa mkate woyera, kuti banja lonse limulere. Mwambowu unali wachilendo kwambiri, womwe unakumbukiridwa kwamuyaya.
Sukulu yoyamba ya utatu ya mnyamatayo inatha ali ndi zaka 14, zitakonzedwa kuti zizigwira ntchito kuti zisinthe komanso kujambula patokha. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse komanso Okutobala, ndakatulo zam'tsogolo sinathe kupitiriza maphunziro awo. Pambuyo pa, mu 1919, Mikhail anali woyamba kubanja ku Komsomol. Ali ndi zaka 16, anali m'konzi la mkonzi wa Jourour Proleatian Provice ndikutumiza dipatimenti yosindikiza ya Dnipropetrovsk Sponge wa Komesomol.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Mikhail adapita ku Mosw mu 1920 pamodzi ndi abwenzi ake M. Hungry ndi A. Wokhala ndi nthumwi ya olemba za Prolecarian Yoyamba. Panthawiyo, anyamatawa adabwera ndi ma psesazunzo awo, mosakaikira, kutsanzira zowawa ndi osauka.
Mikhail adakhala kwakanthawi kochepa ku Kharkov, kuchokera komwe adasamukira ku Moscow mu 2 zaka ndipo adapita kukaphunzira 1 mggu. Kunalina wina ndi mnzake wa Edurtsky, yemwe adakhala mnzake wa Mikhail kwa zaka zambiri.
Malembo
Ma ndakatulo omwe mnyamatayo adayamba kulemba mu 1917, ndakatulo yoyamba ya Mikail Svetolova idasindikiza nyuzipepala "mawu a msirikali" mchaka chomwecho. Pambuyo kusamukira ku likulu, malo osungira a Svetlova anasiya wina pambuyo pake: "Misonkhano Yausiku", "Khwezira", "Ravefakovka", "mwa luntha". Mu ntchito, kugwedezeka komanso zachikondi zimatengedwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni.
M'mayiko ankhondo, chikondi chonse cha talente cha Lesilov chinkawonetsedwa. Mu 1926, ntchito yapadera ya "Grenada" idalengedwa, yomwe ndi mbiri yachikondi - balad. Ntchito ya Grenada idasindikizidwa ku Komsomolskaya Pravda nyuzipepala pa August 29, 1926, ndiye kuti dzina la Mikail Svelov lidamveka padziko lonse lapansi. Lero wolemba amaganiza tsiku lobadwa la ndakatulo.
"Grenada" yake idafika ngakhale Vladimir Mayikovsky ndi Marina Tsvetaeva. Kuchita bwino kwa ntchitoyi kunaopseza kuunika kuti mukhale ndakatulo ya ndakatulo imodzi, chifukwa dziko lonse linadziwa "Grenada". Ntchitoyi idawerengedwa ku Hostels, zipinda, m'mabwalo, zidayimbidwanso pamalingaliro otchuka.
Mu 1936, nkhondo inayamba ku Spain. Mu Grenada Svetlov Review adawonetseratu mavuto ake a ku Spain. Ndakatulo-ballad idamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zambiri, ndipo Europe yonse idamuyimbira posachedwa. Kanema wa zochitika za nthawi imeneyo Konstantin Simonov amatchedwa "Grenada, Grenada, Grenada".
Buku lotsatira, "Misonkhano Yausiku", yofalitsidwa mu 1927, inaonetsa za phokoso ndi chisokonezo cha zaka zija. Koma nthawi yamavuto iyi inali yobala zipatso ku Mikhail. Wolemba amakulitsa lingaliro lazachinyengo, kulumikizana ndi nthabwala. Popita nthawi, zisudzo zinali zofunika kwambiri komanso mtundu wa wolemba ndakatulo.
Kukayikira Mikail zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa Nep, ndikulitsa kuchuluka kwa oyang'anira phwando komanso chidwi cha wolemba ndakatulo m'mafanizo a anthu osathandiza komanso achisoni amatsutsa ntchito yake mosalekeza. Mu 1928, Mikhail Svellov sanali kupatula ku Komsomol "ya Trootskyssism".
Mu 1935, Mikhal Svetlov adalenga mzanga wina - ndakatulo "KakhVKA", yomwe mtsogolomo idakhalanso nyimbo. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, Mikhail, wolemba ndakatulo wodziwika kale, akopa sewero. Sewero loyambirira la "Pulogalamu Yakuya", yotsutsa mwankhanza "ndi chowonadi". Mu 1941, kusewera "zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake," zomwe oyang'anira Soviet adawonetsedwa mpaka kumapeto.
Mu 1941, Svettlov adapita ku kutsogolo ku zoletsa, chifukwa sindinkafuna kukhala kutali ndi tsoka la chilengedwe. Chowonadi chakuti Michael amayang'ana malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndikuwonetsa zolemba zake zam'madzi. Munthawi yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi nkhondo yapadziko lonse, Svettlov adagwira ntchito yofananira ndi nyuzipepala ya Red Star, ndipo atagwira ntchito kutsogolo kwa gulu lankhondo lankhondo.
Munda wotchuka kwambiri wa usilikali unali ntchito ya "Italiya", yokhazikitsidwa mu 1943. Chifukwa cha nkhondo, kusewera "chipata cha" BreatENberg "chinalembedwanso. Mu ntchito yake, Mikhail amalankhula zambiri za kusintha, za chikondi ndi nkhondo.
Pakati pa 50s, atatha kupuma kwambiri, magetsi amayamba mwamphamvu za kupanga. Pa ntchito za nthawi ino, kusintha kuchokera kwa mawu kupita ku zolankhula zachilengedwe kumakhala kodziwika. Ntchito yomaliza ya wolemba inali buku la "Nyumba Yosaka", yoperekedwa mu 1964.
Magetsi atatha udindo wa mphunzitsi mu Indilemba, wolemba anali kuzunguliridwa ndi ophunzira nthawi zonse. Koma, ngakhale anthu m'derali, wolemba anali munthu wosungulumwa. Popita nthawi, zachikondi zandakatulo zidagwirizana ndi zenizeni.
Moyo Wanu
Malinga ndi magwero ena, m'moyo wa Michael padali azimayi atatu omwe amakonda. Woyamba anali wa Valentina, yemwe mu 1927 adapereka ndakatulo. Pambuyo pa Mikhail adakumana ndi Elena, mtsikanayo amatchedwa Lenochka, mkazi wamtsogolo amagwira ntchito monga wolemba wamba. Kupita kunja kwa iye, mayiyo adamaliza maphunziro awo. Mu 1936, achinyamata adafatsa, kunalibe ana kwa anthu awiri.
Kukumana ndi Mkazi Womaliza - kubadwa kwa Heraklian amirhegibi - zinachitika mu 1938. Mu likulu, pa tchuthi choyamba, mtsikana wokongola ku Georgia adatumizidwa kukapereka mphatso kuchokera kwawo, Comrade Slintan.
Pakapita nthawi yomaliza yotsutsa mbiri yamufunseyi: Banja la zakamulo, bambo awo akumitsidwa ndi kufera m'ndende. Komabe, m'bwalo lofiyira, kubadwabebe kumayendabe, koma sanalolere ndi stalin.
Mayiyu anali ndi zokongola kwambiri, mu Georgia Atsikana amamutcha dzina lake lachifumu. Anagwira ntchito ngati director, anali ndi udindo wa aphunzitsi ku Vgika ndipo analemba malo. Mu 1939, Mwana ndi Mikhail anali ndi mwana - Alexander (Sandro) wa Svetlov, yemwe adakhala wolemba zenera, yemwe adakhala wojambula komanso wotsogolera mtsogolo. Pambuyo pake, kubadwako kunali kukwatiwa ndi Bruno Pontecorvo.
Imfa
Moyo wa Mikadyevich Svetlova unali wodzaza ndi chododometsa. Nthawi zonse chimakhala mthunzi, sunakonde zotumphukira komanso preididium. Ndalama zonse zomwe zimapezeka, bamboyo adapereka kwa anthu ndipo nthawi zina amakhala opanda ndalama. Anasindikiza moyo wake wonse pokonza makina. Wolemba sanakope kutchuka, amakonda anthu, koma adayesera kugwira mbali chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kusuta fodya sikumadutsa mphatso - kuwalako kunapezekanso ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Ngakhale wokwatirana sakanakhoza kukopa Svetlov svetlov ndikumupangitsa kusiya kusuta. Pokhala munthu wachitsulo, iyenso anayendayenda pa zokhudza matenda ake, chifukwa sanafune kukhumudwitsa okondedwa ake. Ndili kuchipatala, tsiku lina adafunsa Libwa lebsoniinskaya kuti amubweretsere mowa, "ndipo ndili ndi khansa!" - Anatero slotov.
Wolemba ndakatuloyo anamwalira pa Seputembara 28, 1964 ku Moscow, kusiya kusewera kosavomerezeka komwe kunadzipereka. Mikhail Arkadyevich waikidwa m'manda a Novodevichy. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Svettlov, Mpando wokhawo waluso uja udaperekedwa - mphotho ya Leninist pansi pa Gawoli "Ndakatulo".
Kukumbuka
- 1964 - Kutenga nawo gawo mu fanizo la ndakatulo madzulo mu polyuchchinic mufilimu "Zasva Ilyich".
- Pa Okutobala 5, 1965 - kuthetsa kwa Council of Atumiki a Atumiki a RFsr City Justehry Nambala 3 wa Moscow, dzina la wolemba ndakatulo wa Arkadyevich Svetlova adalandira. Lero ndi laibulale ya City City. M. A. SveTlova, yotchedwa "Svetlovka".
- 1968 - Wotchedwa Cinematic One-Ocean Cinger "Mikhal Svett" mu filimu yaluso ".
- 1985 - Basini mtsinje "Mikhail Svettlov" (Russia). Zithunzi zimatha kupezeka pa intaneti.
- 1985 - Zolemba pafoni "Misonkhano ndi Mikhail Svetlov"
- - - Mayina "dzina lokongola, ulemu waukulu. Mikhail Svettlov "
- Dzinalo la Mikhal Svellov limatchedwa misewu ingapo m'mizinda ya USSR, komanso Svetlovo Microdistrict mu mzinda wa KakhVKA.
- Dzinalo la Mikhal Svetlova limatchedwanso imodzi mwa malo odyera ku Moscow Hotel Izmailko Corps "Delta Gartma".
- Ku Ust-Ilimsk of the Irkutsk Kumadera Lolemekeza Ndakatulo ya "Grenada", ndi mumsewu womwe Iye ali ndi dzina la M. Svellova.
M'bali
- 1923 - "Njanji"
- 1923 - "ndakatulo za Rebe
- 1924 - "ndakatulo"
- 1925 - "mizu"
- 1927 - "Misonkhano Yausiku"
- 1927 - "M'milulu"
- 1928 - "Msewu Wamkulu"
- 1929 - "Bukhu la ndakatulo"
- 1929 - "ndakatulo zosankhidwa"
- 1930 - "Grenada"
- 1931 - "Endory"
- 1936 - "Proutforness"
- 1939 - "nthano"
- 1942 - "makumi awiri ndi atatu"
- 1942 - "Bambo wa ngwazi"
- 1942 - "ndakatulo za Lisa Chaykina"
- 1957 - "ndakatulo ndi ma seem".
- 1958 - "Apple-Nyimbo"
- 1959 - "Kwambiri"
- 1962 - "Ndikumwetulira!"
- 1964 - "Kukonda malalanje atatu"
- 1964 - "Kusaka Nyumba"