Chiphunzitso
Wolemba bukuli, wolemba ndakatulo komanso Ryunca aatagawa - m'modzi mwa opanga matchula ambiri omwe adayamba kuwonekera m'Chingerezi. Akulagawa sanalembe ntchito zazikulu, kalembedwe kamene imatha kutchedwa kuti munthu wochita mwangwiro, nthawi zambiri amayamba kulimba mtima, nthawi zambiri amayamba kupembedza ndi kufa. Ngakhale anali wachidule wochepa, Ryunca adasiya ntchito yayikulu mu ndakatulo yake.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba mtsogolo Ryunca Acatagawa adabadwa pa Marichi 1, 1892 ku Tokyo, dzina la mnyamatayo limatanthawuza "chinjoka". Ryunca adabadwa, mayi ake anali kale pang'ono kwa 30, ndipo bambo kwa zaka zoposa 40. Papa Rad anagulitsa mkaka, anali ndi malo odyetsa kunja kwa Tokyo.
Panthawiyo, Achijapani ankakhulupirira kuti kubadwa kwa mwana mwa anthu omwe anali atakwanitsa zaka 30, chizindikiro choyipa. Chifukwa chake, potsatira mwambo wakalamba, makolowo ankalira ngati mwana. Zonsezi zimasinthidwa chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zamatsenga.
Mwanayo atakhala ndi miyezi 9, makolowo adampatsa banja lawo la banja la amayi a amayi a amayi - Mithiaki Akutagawa, omwe kenako adagwira mutu wa dipatimenti yomanga ku Tokyo Prinel of Tokyo. Chifukwa chake mnyamatayo adataya dzina la Nihara ndikukhala acatagava.
Mwana wake atamwalira ali mwana, wazaka 10. Anali wamisala chifukwa cha mwana wamkazi woyamba kubadwa ndipo anadzipha kuchipatala cha amisala. Matendawa ndi imfa ya amayi ake onse amakhalabe chifukwa chovulala. Nthawi zambiri ankakambirana za matenda auzimu ndipo amawopa kwambiri tsogolo lomwelo.
Makolo a makolo omwe mnyamatayo adalandira anali olemba ndi asayansi, motero otsatira adayesa kutsatira miyambo yakale yachikhalidwe. Nawa ndakatulo ya utoto ndi yakale imawonedwa bwino moyo wakale, kutengera kumvera kopanda malire mchaka cha nyumbayo.
Mu 1910, mnyamatayo anamaliza sukulu ya Tokyo Musicipal, anali m'modzi mwa omaliza maphunziro abwino kwambiri. Ryunca adasankha mabuku achingelezi kuti aphunzire, kulembetsa koyamba kunthambi ya mabuku.
Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, tuvagawa anamaliza sukulu ndikulowa ku yunivesite ya Britain ya Tokyo. Ryunca ndi abwenzi ake, olemba mtsogolo - King Masao, Kikuti Hiroshi ndi Yamamoto Yuji, adadziwa zamabuku onse aku Western. Nthawi zambiri amatsogolera mikangano yokhudza mayendedwe omwe onse amagwirizana ndi zopempha za masiku awo. Maphunziro ku yunivesite anakhumudwitsa wolemba Novice: Poyamba, zokambiranazi zimamulepheretsa, ndipo pambuyo pake anakhumudwitsa ndi kusiya kuwachezera konse.
Malembo
Posachedwa Ryunche ndi abwenzi anachita chidwi ndi nkhani ya Magazini ya Magazini. Bukulo limatsatira maudindo a sukulu yachilengedwe, oimira ake amati "anti-achilengedwe". Iwo amachokera pamtengo wa mabuku monga zaluso, amatetezedwa ufulu wonena za nthano ndi nkhani yadala.
Kuphatikiza apo, adafuna kusowa kwa monotony ndikuyamikira kwambiri mawonekedwe a chithunzicho, chiwindi cha chilankhulo. Akulagawa ndi anthu ake ofananira anali njira yolerera yomwe idalengeza kuti pakale. Nkhani yobowola "nkhalamba" idasindikizidwa mu magazini yawo mu 1914, luso la wolemba limadziwika bwino. Kutchuka kwa AcutaGAVAva kunadzetsa nkhani za moyo wa Japan "chipata rasloon", "mphuno" ndi "ufa wa gehena".
Ndili mwana, olemba achi Japan a Ealzi ndi Era aku Europe ndi ku Europe anali ndi mphamvu pa Ryunca. Wolemba ndakatuloyo anamvetsetsa mabuku aku Russia. Nkhani ya Nikolai Gogol "Shinel" idalimbikitsa runca kuti apange nkhani "batach porridge" Ponena za ntchito ya Waldeshneep, zomwe zalembedwa mu 1921, otchulidwa kwambiri anali mkango wa Tolstoy ndi Ivan Turgenev.
Otsutsa ambiri amaphatikizapo kutuluka kwa nkhanizi pofika nthawi yomwe Ryunche anali wokhumudwa chifukwa cha chikondi chomvetsa chisoni. Adafunafunanso m'dziko losasaya, kusiya zenizeni.
Wouziridwa wake komanso wopembedza ku Wolemba Akutagewa adaona kuti Nnsesuma Sseoseks, omwe adakumana naye ndikuphunzira ku yunivesite. Zolemba zoyambirira zinali ndi chidwi ndi ambuye, ndipo panthawiyo adawerengedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri abwino kwambiri a buku la Chingerezi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Zolinga za munthu payekhapayekha zaluso zomwe zimachitika mu ntchito za acutagaba: udindo wa ngwazi, nkhani ya ngwazi, komanso vuto la Japan.
Nditamaliza maphunziro ku yunivesite ya Akatagawa, adalandira mphunzitsi wa Chingerezi kusukulu yankhondo. Zaka izi, Ryunca adzalemba munthawi ya aphunzitsi Yasukiti - wowona mtima, koma munthu womwazika yemwe amagwera nthawi zonse pamavuto. Kwa miyezi 9 yophunzitsa, pafupifupi ma Aphorisms 20, mawu ndi nkhani zinalengedwa. Mwa iwo, wolemba adalankhula za iye yekha:
"Ndilibe chikumbumtima. Ndimangokhala ndi misempha. "Panthawi imeneyi, amalemba za kuyera kwamkati komanso wachimwemwe wa anthu. Imakhudzanso mutu wa chikhutiro cha chikhulupiriro chasala, chomwe chikuwonetsedwa m'mbiri yotchedwa "Madonna wakuda".
Mu 1919, wolemba adayamba kugwira ntchito ku Osaka Minity Sibun nyuzipepala. Monga wolemba mabuku wapadera, Ryunche adatumizidwa kwa miyezi 4 ku China. Kupeza kumeneko, zinayamba kupweteka kwa wolemba: Adabwereranso kwa otopa, tonse timavutikanso ndi tulonena komanso vuto lakuma nkhawa.
Pambuyo pofalitsa nkhaniyo "Nthawi zambiri", njira yopanga wolemba yasinthiratu. Mimbulu ya ntchito zakhala tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo kalembedwe kamene kali mwachidule komanso momveka bwino.
Moyo Wanu
Ku yunivesite ya yyunca kunapangitsa malingaliro a manja ndi mitima ya mazira a Joshid, koma bambowo atatsutsana nawo motsutsana ndi mgwirizano uno. Wolemba adammvera, kotero moyo wako wakubusagava udalumikizidwa ndi mkazi wina. Mu Marichi 1919, Ryunca ndi FUmi Tsukamoto adalowa muukwati wovomerezeka.
Banjali linali ndi ana amuna atatu: mwana woyamba Hirophi anabadwa pa Marichi 30, 1920, tsiku lobadwa kwa mwana wachiwiri Takashi - November 8, 1922, ndipo mwana wachitatu wa Yakusi adabadwa pa Julayi 12, 1925. M'tsogolomu, Yakusi adakhala wopanga, ndipo Hiroshi ndi wotchuka. Ponena za Takashi, anali wophunzira, koma mnyamatayo anaitanitsa gulu lankhondo. Mnyamatayo adamenya nkhondo ku Myanmar, komwe adamwalira mu 1945.
Mkazi wa Wolemba adamwalira pa Seputembara 11, 1968 chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa myocardial.
Imfa
Munthawi yautoma ya "matayala ambiri", wolemba adafotokoza kuyeserera kwake. M'zaka zaposachedwa za moyo, acutagaava anali ndi malingaliro a malingaliro odzipereka pa ntchito za "moyo wa idiot" ndi "kalata yokhala ndi mnzake wakale." Pambuyo pokhazikika njira ndi malo a imfa, pa Julayi 24, 1927, Ryunca Akutagawa adadzipereka ndi iye, kutengera mlingo wa chotsimikizika, chosagwirizana ndi moyo.
Izi zisanachitike, iye sananyamuke, amagwira ntchito pa desiki, ngakhale usiku wa Julayi 23 mpaka pa Julayi 24 pazenera 24 pazenera la kabatizo, ndipo m'mawa mwake anapezeka akufa. Imfa ya wolemba adadandaula kuti adadzutsa abwenzi ndi anzathu, koma sanadabwe, popeza Ryunzana amalankhula zodzipha.
Komabe, chifukwa chomwe chidachitika sichikudziwika, ena amalankhula za nkhawa zosamveka za wolemba. Mwina izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukumbukira kowawa kwa mayi kapena ndi mawonekedwe aluso komanso okonda. Akulagawa wanena mobwerezabwereza kuti nthawi zambiri amawona mapasa ake m'misewu.
Mu 1935, mnzake wa wolemba, wolemba komanso wofalitsa Kikathekana Kan adakhazikitsa mphotho yakale yotchedwa Ryutagawa. Kamodzi pachaka amaperekedwa ndi chibwenzi chaching'ono. Komanso, mu 2016, mawu amtundu wa "zikhomo zazikulu" zidachotsedwa, momwe Ryunca akutagawa adakhala prototype ya munthu wamkulu. Chithunzi cha ngwazi chitha kuwoneka pa intaneti.
M'bali
- 1914 - "nkhalamba"
- 1915 - "Chipata cha Rasloon"
- 1916 - "mphuno"
- 1916 - Bata Porridge
- 1916 - "MyParkerch
- 1916 - "Fodya ndi Mdierekezi"
- 1917 - "Kupanikizana Kwamuyaya"
- 1917 - "Zovuta Zambiri"
- 1917 - "Chimwemwe"
- 1917 - "wakuba"
- 1918 - "Pautinka"
- 1918 - "Helo Wosungulumwa"
- 1918 - "Imfa ya Mkristu"
- 1919 - "Agalu ndi Welulu"
- 1919 - "Moyo wa St. Cyrtustohoro"
- 1919 - "Zozizwitsa Za Matsenga"
- 1919 - "Mandarins"
- 1920 - "Yophukira"
- 1920 - "nanning Khristu"
- 1920 - "Mulungu wa Agni"
- 1921 - "Nthawi zambiri"
- 1922 - "General"
- 1922 - "Trolley"
- 1922 - "Msika Wa nsomba"
- 1922 - Baryshnya rothuniamia
- 1923-1927 - "Mawu a Pagmy"
- 1923 - "nkhondo ya Monkey ndi Crab"
- 1925 - "Hafu ya moyo wa Suodi flki"
- 1926 - "Chipangano"
- 1927 - "M'madzi"
- 1927 - "Mawilo Oteteza"
- 1927 - "Moyo wa Idiot"
- 1927 - "Kuyambira Anthu"