Chiphunzitso
Adalowa "Unig Troka" Olemba zopeka pa amapita ndi Aikov Asimov ndi Arthur Claki. Mobwerezabwereza adalandira mphotho yotchuka "Hugo" ndi "kuphatikiza". Dzina lake ndi Rutteridiid ndi Martian. Ichi ndi Robert Heinline, wolemba waku America, womwe umawakhudza kwambiri momwe malingaliro a sayansi amawoneka tsopano.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A Robert Enn Jainline adabadwira m'tauni ya aniler, Missouri, Julayi 7, 1907. Makolo ake anali ndi ana asanu ndi awiri, Robert - wachitatu. Banjali limakhala kukhala Bemu la Kholo la Kholo, pomwe mnyamatayo sanakhale ndi zaka zitatu. Pomwepo atate wake anapeza ntchito ku Kansas City, ndipo banjali linasamukira kumeneko.
Zaka zinayi zopitilira zinayi, Robert anali agogo ake, mpaka atamwalira. Algol Alva Lanle adapereka khanda lalikulu labodza mtsogolo, ndikupangitsa kuti tizikonda kuwerenga ndi sayansi yolondola. Robert, atatha kukumbukira agogo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo za Lyle monroe, atangoyambitsa wolemba ntchito.
Mu 1920, adalowa sukulu yapakatikati, Robert adafunafuna zakuthambo. Chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko cha Charles Darwin adamupangitsa kuti awonedwe ndipo adawonetsedwa pakuchita koyambitsa pambuyo pake. Wokonda Kuthetsa Ntchito Zopanda Masamu, mnyamatayo wagwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa pambuyo pake, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhaniyi "... Ndipo adamanga Dompishlo."
Pambuyo pa sukulu, Heinline adaganiza zolumikiza moyo wina ndi zombo. Kuti muchite izi, kunali kofunikira kulowa nawo la Navilmy, yomwe idakhala yovuta. Choyamba, kuti mupeze mwayi wopita pamayeso oyamba, kunali kofunikira kuteteza aliyense wa mamembala a Senate kapena Congress.
Kachiwiri, sukuluyi idatengedwa ndi m'modzi mwa banja, ndipo mchimwene wake wa Robert anali ataphunziridwa kale. Mnyamatayo amayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika - kusonkhanitsa makalata a malangizo a Meat James A. RidA pakuyembekeza thandizo. Kwa chaka, Senator adalandira makalata 100 kuchokera kwa omwe angasankhidwe a Annapolis Academy, 50 za iwo - kuchokera ku Heinline.
Chifukwa chake mu 1925, Robert adakwaniritsa izi ndipo adayamba maphunziro ake mwachangu. Pambuyo 4 zaka, kutha ndi kafukufuku wophunzitsira, mnyamatayo anali ngwazi pomanga manyowa, kulimbana ndi kuwombera, komanso adakhala twente m'maphunzirowa kwa anthu opitilira mazana awiri. Ndipo nditha kukhala wachisanu, koma adataya maudindo chifukwa cha zovuta ndi chilango. Mpaka 1934, Robert adagwira ntchito mu zombo, kenako adakakamizidwa chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu chosiya ntchito yankhondo.
Malembo
Russian Olemba a Russian amagawa moyo wa chizungulire kwa nthawi. Komabe, anzawo omwe akumana nawo amakonda kupewa kupatukana, monga nthawi zonse pamakhala ntchito zomwe zili pafupi ndi chimango chilichonse.
Bukhu loyambirira la Robert hainline - "ife, kukhala ndi moyo," linakhala kuti silikuphula. Zopeka za zasayansi zinayamba kulemba nkhani zomwe kayendedwe kakuti "Mbiri Yambiri" Youkitsidwa. Zaka za XX Zakadalile mosiyana ndi zonena za wolemba, koma mu 198s adalenga kuzungulira padziko lonse monga nthano yofotokozera ndikuwongolera kusagwirizana kwenikweni ndi nthano.
Bukhu loyamba lomwe linasindikizidwa mu 1947 "sitima ya Galileo Rockeo Rocket". Poyamba bukulo silinkafuna kusindikiza, monga momwe gawo lakuthawira kumwera limawoneka losagwirizana. Koma zopeka za sayansi zidamupezabe wofalitsayo ndipo adayamba kumasula bukuli chaka chilichonse, chomwe chidalowa chomwe chimatchedwa kuti achinyamata omwe amatchedwa.
Mabukuwa ndi osangalatsa kwa owerenga azaka zilizonse, zosavuta komanso zosunga mawonekedwe, koma osati. Sizinali ngati nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu "Planet Planet", mkonzi "sanakonde njira yosinthira pakati pa anthu ku Mars komanso kuti achinyamata ali ndi chida.
Otchuka pakati pa zopeka zopeka "Kwezere mpaka Chilimwe" (1956) ndi "nzika ya Galaxy" (1957). Choyamba sichinazindikiridwe ngati buku labwino kwambiri lasayansi.
Chakumapeto kwa 50s, Robert Sainline adasiyana ndi gawo la wolemba achinyamata. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha buku la The Nevenal "- yankho lachilendo pamayitanidwe ku States United mayesero a zida za nyukiliya. Pambuyo pake, buku la wolemba lidanenedwa ndi mikangano.
Kuyambira mu 1961, Robert analemba kwa omvera akulu ndipo anasintha kwambiri nf kuno. Anakhala wotchuka komanso wodziwika ngati zoikazi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti azungu amabwera kudzafika mwezi weniweni mpaka mu 1969.
Heinline sanamvere lingaliro limodzi, lomwe pambuyo pake lidakhala cliché ya mtundu wa NF. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la alendo limatsogolera pansi, limayambitsa zofuna ndi malingaliro awo, monga momwe ziliri "zophika". Buku la "lalanje ku dziko la munthu wina" Hehetik ", Heinlik adalemba zaka zopitilira 10 ndikuyika chiwembu cha mbiri yakale. Pambuyo pa kufalitsa bukuli, chochititsa chidwi chachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa zithunzi za fano la chipembedzo ndi kugonana.
Mu 1960, zopeka za sayansi zidabwereranso ku mtundu wa nkhana za nthano, pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo aja omwe adalemba m'ma 1940 a nkhani. "Njira ya Varror" (1963) ndi chabe "chabe" yoyera ya wolemba. Satira, anti-antiopia, antifuls adokofu adaonjezeranso ntchito yoyambirira. Wolemba anali ndi zaka 48, ndipo tsopano zomwe zili m'Baibulo zilipo ndi malembawo ndi ntchito zazing'ono zambiri, kuphatikizapo nkhani 56.
Pali mafilimu 4 mu Heinline: "Kufika kwa nyenyezi", "Kupita - mwezi" (kutengera nkhani "(kutengera nkhaniyo") ndi "ophika". Mwa awa, omaliza okha omwe amatha kutchedwa kuti, chifukwa m'malo enawo ndi owongolera anali otanthauziridwa mobwerezabwereza ndi cholinga cholemba wolemba.
Moyo Wanu
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Heinline idaphatikizidwa ndi ukwati mu 1929 ndi Elor Curry, mumazolowera kusukulu. Ukwati udasokonekera mu 1930th. Elinor sanafune kuchoka ku mzindawo, ndipo usilikali wa Robert sanatanthauzenso. Patatha zaka ziwiri, zopeka za mtsogolo zamtsogolo zimasonkhana kachiwiri - pa katswiri wa ndale komanso mayi wachilendo wa Eslin McDonald.
Atamaliza kugwira ntchito yaukadaulo chifukwa cha matenda, Robert ndi kugonjera kwa mnzake zomwe amachita nawo zinthu zandale zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha anthu. Kenako, mu 1938, anayesa kupita ku msonkhano wamalamulo, womwe sunaphumbule.
Pankhondo, Robert adakumana ndi Virginia Gerdendfeld. Poyamba, iye, ngakhale kuti anagwa mchikondi, sanafune kuwononga ukwati ndi Leslin, koma anasudzulana mu 1947, mavuto okhudzana ndi mowa unayamba. Chaka chotsatira, adakwatirana ndi Virginia.
Ukwatiwu unakhala wopambana kwambiri - okwatirana amakhala limodzi kwa zaka 40. Mkaziyo anathandiza zopeka ndipo adamuthandiza, kupereka malingaliro, onsewo anali owerenga woyamba, ndipo mlembi, ndi mlembi.
The 1970s adabweretsa vuto kwa wolemba - kwa zaka zopitilira ziwiri adalandira kuchokera ku Pertonitis. Mu 1978, ataukira mtima wa mtima wa Ischemia, Heineine adatenga moseketsa. Anasuntha ntchito zochepa za mtima, mphambuyi analemba mabuku ena asanu. Ndipo ngakhale mu 1983 anapita ku Antarctica, ndipo asanafike madera ena onse.
Imfa
Podzafika mu 1987, Heinlan Thanzi Lalikulu linakulirakulira, anafunika chithandizo chokhazikika. Roberta ndi Virginia adayenera kuchoka kunyumba kwawo ku Bonnie dun ndikusamukira kumzinda wa Karmel. Meyi 8, 1988 Robert Heinline adamwalira m'maloto. Embrysema adasokoneza mbiri ya wolemba sayansi ya sayansi ya sayansi. Unanyozedwa, ndipo fumbi limatulutsidwa pamafunde a pacific.
Wolembayo atamwalira, mu 1989, mkazi wake adasokoneza "kuchokera kumanda" akufa kuchokera ku malembedwe ake ndi ofalitsa. Mu 1992 kusonkha, "msonkho kwa kukumbukira kwa mbuyeyo" Kumayambiriro kwa nkhani zomwe sizinafalitsidwe pa moyo wa wolemba.
Mu 2003, buku loyamba "ife, lokhala ndi moyo", lolemba mu 1939 ndipo linawaganizira otayika. Ndipo pakubwera kwa intaneti, zithunzi za Robert Heinlayna, zolengedwa zake komanso zolemba zambiri m'mabuku a mbuye wa Science of Science of Science of Science anali kupezeka kwa onse.
M'bali
- 1941 - "Ana a Malfoliil"
- 1942 - "Kumeneko, kupitirira"
- 1947 - "sitima ya Galileo Rockela
- 1948 - "Space Cadet"
- 1949 - "Red Planet"
- 1950 - "Mlimi Akumwamba"
- 1951 - "Cook"
- 1951 - "Pakati pa mapulaneti"
- 1952 - "Mwala wa Anthu"
- 1953 - "azungu a Jones"
- 1954 - "nyama Chilombo"
- 1955 - "Turnel kumwamba"
- 1956 - "Nyenyezi Yowiri"
- 1956 - "Nthawi ya Nyenyezi"
- 1956 - "Khomo ndi chilimwe"
- 1957 - "nzika ya Galaxy"
- 1958 - "Padzakhala yade - padzakhala ulendo woti"
- 1959 - "Nyenyezi Zofika"
- 1961 - "Mlendo mu dziko la alendo"
- 1963 - Kusokoneza chilengedwe "
- 1963 - "Voice Road"
- 1963 - "Martian Podkin"
- 1964 - "Chomwe Chabwino Kwambiri cha Farnham"
- 1966 - "Mwezi - Ng'owers"
- 1970 - "Ine sindine wosazimwa" ("kudutsa chigwa cha mthunzi wakufa")
- 1973 - "Ndi Nthawi Yokwanira Yabwino"
- 1979 - "Chiwerengero cha Chilombo"
- 1982 - "Lachisanu"
- 1984 - "Ntchito, kapena kunyozedwa kwa chilungamo"
- 1985 - "mphaka amene akudutsa kukhoma"
- 1987 - "Amayandama dzuwa"
- 2003 - "Ife, amoyo"