Chiphunzitso
Alexander Sergeevich PustenKn mwiniyo adachita ntchito za Gabriel Derzhavin. Kuphatikiza pa mabuku, m'mwazi wa Gabriel Wachi Romanovich, ntchito yapagulu, ntchito, kukhulupirika ku Emress ndipo nyimbo yosavomerezeka ya ufumuwo inali idalipo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba ndakatulo ndi woteroyo anabadwira m'chigawo cha Kazani mu 1743. Tsiku lobadwa lidachitika pa Julayi 14 ya mtundu watsopano. Genis of the Dervicians amachokera ku Chitata Murza Bagrim. Malinga ndi nthano yabanja, kholo linatumikira kalonga wa wamdima wakuda kuchokera kumizere ya golide ya golide m'zaka za XV.
Amasintha chipembedzocho, yemwe kale anali Horde, dzina lake Ilya, lobatizika, linabatizidwa. Kuchokera kwa ana a Ilya - mphamvu - ndi nthambi ya ukwati wa Gabriel Romanovich inachitika.
Banja la Derzhavini silinali lotentha. Abambo, wolemekezeka mu mutu wolemekezeka wachiwiri, koyambirira kwa moyo wakumapeto, ndipo kulengedwa kwa Mwana wa Mwana wa Mwana kudagona pamapewa a mayi wa Fekla Andreevna. Zinali zovuta kuti mkazi apereke Bubirieli yoyenera. Poyamba, mnyamatayo adaphunzira biluyo, kuwerenga ndi kulemba kunyumba. Aphunzitsi oyamba anali atsogoleri achipembedzo.
Ali ndi zaka 7, mnyamatayo amalowa sukulu ya boarding ku Oreleburg, osasiyanitsidwa ndi ulemerero wa maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, maphunziro atalandira, Derzhavin adzayamba kulankhula Chijeremani. Pambuyo pake, banjali linasamukira ku Kazan, ndipo mnyamatayo anapitiliza kuphunzira ku masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Wosewera masewerawa adakondedwa ndi luso lojambula ndi ukadaulo womwe adakwanitsa. Pano, wachinyamata anakumana ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo za ndakatulo za Lommosov, Alexander Subarov, momera trediakovsky. Mnyamatayo amatenga khola m'manja mwake ndikuyesa mphamvu ndakatulo. Chithekha choyambirira chinakhala chipinda, syllable sinawayendere bwino, koma zinafika kufunsa khonsolo.
Mu 1762, chofunikira cha Trojanksky Extarpaver adabwera ku gulu la Plobrazhensky, ndipo mnyamatayo akumanapo ndi usilikali. Gabriel Romanovich adandiganizira zaka zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Popeza osakhala ndi nthawi yoyambira, masana ankhondo amakonzedwanso ku boma, pomwe Derzhavin adatenga nawo mbali ndi alonda ena onse. Zotsatira zake, Ekaterina II inali kumpando wachifumu.
Kwa mwana wamkulu wamwamuna, moyo wankhondo sunakhale wosavuta. Poyamba, kunali kofunikira kugawana zinsinsi ndi asirikali, nthawi yomwe ili ndi ndakatulo kapena sayansi inali yovuta kwambiri. Gabriel Romanovich analibe otumikira okwera kwambiri, omwe anali atasunthidwa pang'onopang'ono. Wolemba ndakatulo zam'tsogolo adayenera kufunsa za kuwonjezeka kwa Alexey Orlov, ndikuchirikiza kudali kubusa. Pempholi linakhutira, ndipo wolemekezeka adalandira Chino katheral, anasamukira kundende ya Rermal. Koma nthawi imeneyo, Derzhavin adatengedwa ndi ma kits ndi masewera a khadi.
Mu 1770, wolemekezeka adaganiza zochoka ku moyo wachindunjiwu, ndipo mu 1772 adakopeka kuti agulitse puguachev Bunth.
Malembo
Ntchito yoyamba, yomwe imafalitsidwa mu 1773 ndipo ndi a Peru Drzhavin, anali waukwati wa Grand Duke Wokovich. Poyamba, wolemba ndakatulo adapanga mawonekedwe a Lomonosov. Tsoka ilo, a Gabriel Romanovich sakanatha kubwereza "mpweya" mikhal vasalyevich.
Posakhalitsa, kutsatira anzawo a abwenzi adakumana ndi ntchito yolemba zolemba, Derzharatin adasankha Sabata. Malinga ndi Mlengi, ntchito yayikulu yolemba ndi kupatsa kwa zabwino ndi kusandulika kwa zinthu zoyipa.
Poyamba, ntchito za wolemba ndakatulo zidasindikizidwa popanda siginecha mu St. Petersburg Bulletin. Kuwala kunawona "kiyi", "olamulira ndi oweruza". Komabe, ndakatulo zapamwamba komanso zolowa m'malo zidapangitsa Derzhavin wodziwika pakati pa olembayo, koma osati pagulu.
Dzina la Gabriel Romanovich limapunthwa atalemba iwo ku Felima, yemwe amanyoza Catherine. Kwa ndakatulo zolimbikitsidwa, wolemba ndakatulo adalandira cakakeni kuchokera ku ufumu womwewo, wokutidwa ndi dayamondi, pomwe ma Chervons 500 adanama.
Pambuyo pake, "mtsinje wa madzi" adasindikizidwa mu "othandizira", "masomphenya a Murza", "Mulungu". Odo omaliza anali atakhala korona wa Gabriel Wachiromaniich, ndipo ndakatuloyo nayenso adakhala m'gulu la anthu odziwika ndi mafano. Olemba onse adapanga mazana a ntchito zomwe amapanga mabuku khumi ndi awiri. Chosangalatsa ndichosavuta kwa Derzhavin tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mu 1815, Tsurskowel lyceruum anali atadziwika kale ngati wolemba wodziwika. Modabwitsa ophunzira, funso loyamba, lomwe lidafunsidwa wolemba ndakatulo wa Sublimes, linali lozungulira. Mwa njira, yodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi taluso kwambiri ndi taluso kwambiri ndi taluso sergeevich Pusginkin ikukhudzanso ndakatulo. Ntchito "Ndine chipilala changa ndekha ndikukhazikitsa cholakwika" cholembedwa ndi iye malinga ndi chiwonetsero cha "chipilala" cha Derzhavin.
Chowonadi chodalirika ndicho chikondi cha Derzhanin ku ERRICICT. Wolemba adalemba ntchito, kuwapatsa zofewa zapadera, kuyesera kupatula mawu kuchokera pamawu omwe ali ndi mawu a "p". Nthawi yomweyo, Gabriel Romanovich adakonda kuti zolengedwa zake zidawerengedwa pagulu la azimayi.
Zachidziwikire, makamaka Derzhanin adayamba kuchita zinthu zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kwa chiwerengero cha zotsatila za Ufumu wa ku Russia ndi "bingu chipambano, gawani atatenga linga lomwe ndidatama ndi asitikali aku Turkey panthawi ya nkhondo ya Turkey. Nyimbo adalemba Osip Kozlovsky.
Ndale
Kuphatikiza pa mabuku, Gabriel Romanovich anali atachita ntchito zaboma. Pambuyo poti atasiya kwa nthawi yayitali mu 1777, Derzhavin adapatsidwa malangizo kwa alangizi ndipo adalandira mizimu ya anthu 300 ya anthu ku Belarus. Mu 1780, wolemekezeka amagwera nyumba ya Senite, koma kuwongoka kwa Derzhavin ndi malo osonyeza kuti zosankha zinapereka munthu wosagwirizana ndi anzawo.
Mu 1783, kukhala membala wa Academy Securiny Academy, wolemba ndakatulo adachita nawo kukonza matanthauzidwe oyamba anzeru.
Mu 1784, wolemekezeka adasankhidwa ndi wolamulira wa umettsky vicarity, ndipo kuyambira 1786 mpaka 1788 amalola mutu wa mitengo ya Tambov. Dera lidalembedwa pakati pa kumbuyo. Pakapita nthawi yochepa, bwanamkubwa watsopano adakwanitsa kukweza madera omwe adapatsidwa. Choyamba m'chigawo cha anthu wamba, sukulu, chipatala, pobisalira komanso zisudzo zinamangidwa.
Kuyambira 1791, Derzhavin abwerera ku likulu la Katherine. Udindo wa mtumiki wachilungamo wa ufumu wa ku Russia, womwe iye anali wotanganidwa mu 1802-1803, ndiye kuti korona wa ntchito ya atherman.
Kuchokera pa positi iyi, Gabriel Romanovich adasiya ntchito ndipo adapeza mwayi wodzipereka kwathunthu kuti athe kulembedwa. Kukhazikika ku malo a Novgood, wolemba ndakatulo amakhala ndi masiku olemba ndakatulo.
Moyo Wanu
Mnzanu woyamba wa ndakatulo mu 1778 anali ndi Evaterina wazaka 16 wakovlevna Bastidon. Mkazi wina wachichepere, ali ndi zaka 34, Catherine adamwalira mwadzidzidzi ndipo adaikidwa m'manda a Lazarevia ku St. Petersburg.
Derzhavin miyezi isanu ndi umodzi idakwatirananso. Pakadali pano, Daria Alekseevna, yemwe adakhalako mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake atakhala osankhidwa. Akazi onse a mbiri ya wolemba ndakatuloyo m'mabuku.
Ana achilengedwe analibe m'bale wake wamkulu, koma amasiye ndi amasiye a Derzhanin, Peter Lazarev, adaleredwa m'mabanja m'banja. M'modzi mwa ana aamuna - Mikail Lazarev, pambuyo pake adatsegula Antarctica, kukhala alonda aluso.
Imfa
Mu 1816, kale pa mankhwala, wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka waku Russia anamwalira m'gawo lake la Novgood.
Manda a Gabriel Romanovich palimodzi ndi mkazi wake, yemwe adasiya moyo mu 1842, ali mu Mpulumutsi, Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the Veliky Novgorod.
Mawu
Nkhani zake zimakhala zosasiyana ndi izi, monga zokhuza za m'mbuyomu. Pali zongolapa, kulapa kwa winawake. Palibe chilichonse chokhudza anthu ena kuposa kukondana ndi chikondi cha Abambo. Ayenera kukonda kuti timukhale ndi moyo, kuthira mu zitsanzo zake ndi chitsanzo chake. Syll adzakhala ndi bulu wake; ngakhale kuti pali malingaliro a nyenyezi zake; makutu.M'bali
- 1798 - "Derzhavin Mgonero"
- Derzhavin Gabriel Cromovich "imagwira ntchito. Ed. Ya. Rott mu mavoliyumu 9"
- 1933 - "Derzhavin G. R. ndakatulo"
- 1957 - "ndakatulo g. R. Derzhavina"
- 1980 - "Ndakatulo. Prose. (G. R. Derzhavin)"
- 1984 - "Press. (G. R. Derzhavin)"