Chiphunzitso
Alexander Nikolaevichi Ostrovsky - Russian Playlight ndi wolemba, pa ntchito zomwe zimachitika kanthawi kochepa kwa Russia ikumangidwa. Moyo wake uli ndi zochitika zodzaza ndi zochitika zosangalatsa, ndipo cholowa choyambirira chimawerengeredwa ndi masewero makumi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexander Ostrovsky adabadwa mchaka cha 1823 ku Zamoskvorechye, mnyumba yamalonda pamtunda wochepa. M'derali, osewererayo adakhala zaka zake, ndipo nyumba yomwe adabadwira, ilipo mpaka lero. Abambo a rostrovsky anali mwana wa wansembe. Atamaliza maphunziro auzimu, mnyamatayo anaganiza zodzigwiritsa ntchito ndi kufika ku oyang'anira akaweruzo.
Mayi Libovovi atamwalira pomwe Mwana anali ndi zaka 8. Zaka 5 pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mkazi wake, chilumba cha chilumba cha kukwatiwanso. Mosiyana ndi ukwati woyamba ndi msungwana wochokera kudziko la atsogoleri adziko lapansi, nthawi ino bamboyo anasangalala ndi mkaziyo ku kalasi yabwino.
Ntchito Nikolai asstrovsky adapita kuphiri, adalandira maudindo olemekezeka, kudzipereka payekha ndikuchiritsidwa pa zomwe alemera. Katundu wake panali ambiri mwa anthu ena, ndipo kumapeto kwa ntchitoyi, adasamukira kudera la Kostroma, m'mudzi wa schelokovo, komwe adakhala mwininyumba.
Mwanayo adalowa nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi oyamba mu 1835 ndipo adayamba kumaliza maphunziro mu 1840. Paubwana wake, mnyamatayo amakonda mabuku komanso zochitika zina. Abambo a Potakaya, analowa ku Yunivesite ya ku Moscow pa luso la malamulo. Zaka zakuwerenga, rostrovsky adatha nthawi yake yonse yaulere m'bwalo laling'ono, pomwe ochita masewera a Sazin Mochan ndi Mikhal Shpkin. Kukonda kwa mnyamatayo kunamusiya iye ku Institute mu 1843.
Bambowo anasangalala ndi chiyembekezo kuti anali chiwongola dzanja, ndipo anayesera kuti aziphatikiza Mwana wake pamalo opindulitsa. Alexander Nikolayyovich adayenera kugwira ntchito ngati mlembi ku Moscow Council, ndipo mu 1845 muofesi ya Khothi la Moscow Couminal. Potsirizira, adakhala mkulu amene adavomereza zopempha pakamwa. Izi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito yake, pokumbukira zochitika zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe zidawamvapo nthawi.
Malembo
Mabukuwa ndi chilumbachi chidwi cha unyamata wake, kuwerenga m'magawo a Gogol ndi Belinsy. Kufikira pamlingo wina, mnyamatayo ananena zifaniziro zake m'mabuku oyamba. Mu 1847, wolemba adachitidwa mu nyuzipepala "Mndandanda wa Moscow City". Wofalitsayo wafalitsa zithunzi ziwiri kuchokera ku nthabwala "osakhalitsa." Uwu ndiye mtundu woyamba wa owerenga akuti "anthu ake adzagwetsa."
Mu 1849 wolembayo adamaliza kugwira ntchito. Mtundu wa wolemba umawonekera mu ntchito yake yoyamba. Amafotokoza nkhani zapadziko lonse kudzera mumitengo ya banja la banja. Zithunzi za Ostrovsky - eni otchulidwa.
Chilankhulochi ndi chosavuta komanso chosavuta, ndipo chomaliza chimadziwika bwino. Pambuyo pofalitsa zomwe amasewera mu magazini ya magazini ya "Moskvatik", Kuwonongeka, ngakhale komiti yoletsedwa idaletsa kupanga ndikufalitsanso ntchitoyi.
Ostrovsky adabweretsa mndandanda wa olemba "osadalirika", omwe adapanga malo ake osavomerezeka. Mkhalidwewo udasokoneza ukwati wa wosewerera ndi maulesi, omwe sanadalitse Atate wake. Ostrovsky - wamkulu anakana mwana wamwamuna, ndipo achinyamata adasowa. Ngakhale zovuta zachuma sizinalepheretse wolemba kuti asiye ntchitoyi komanso kuyambira 1851 kuti adzipereka kwathunthu ku mabuku.
Masewera oti "musakhale pansi pamanja" ndi "umphawi siichedwe" wololedwa kubereka. Chilengedwe chawo cha phostrovsy chinachita kusinthasintha mu zisudzo. Anthu adangoyang'ana moyo wosalira zambiri, ndipo izi zinathandizanso njira ina yochitira chithunzithunzi. Kulengeza komanso kuchitira zachipongwe kumayenera kusintha zachilengedwe zomwe zingachitike.
Kuyambira 1850, rostrovsky wakhala membala wa "bolodi wachichepere" wa magazini ", koma izi sizinakonzedwe ndi vuto lakuthupi. Mkonzi anali wosokoneza mlandu polipira ntchito yambiri yomwe wolemba adazichita. Kuyambira 1855 mpaka 1860, rostrovsky adauzidwa ndi malingaliro opuntha omwe adakhudzanso mawonekedwe ake apadziko. Anayandikira pafupi ndi turgenev ndi Tolstoy, adakhala wogwira ntchito m'magazini ya zamakono.
Mu 1856 adatenga nawo gawo mu ulaliki wa ku Utumiki. Ostrovsky adapita pamwamba pa volga ndikugwiritsa ntchito zokumbukira komanso zolingalira.
1862 adalembedwa ndiulendo ku Europe. Wolemba anachezera England, France, Germany, Italy, Austria ndi Hungary. Mu 1865, iye anali m'modzi mwa oundana ndi atsogoleri a ojambula achi Russia adatuluka: Sadovsky, Streptova, Pisarev ndi ena. Mu 1870s, rostrovsky anakonza gulu la olemba odabwitsa a Chirasha ndipo anali tcheyamani kuyambira 1874 mpaka masiku otsiriza a moyo.
M'moyo wonse, wosewera wapanga masewero 54, amasuliridwa ndi mayiko achilendo: Goldinoni, sercalts, shakespeare. Ntchito zotchuka kwambiri za wolemba zimaphatikizapo "namwali wa chipale chofewa", "bingu", "duwa la barnzaminon", "popanda mlandu wonenepa" komanso masewera ena. Nkhani ya wolembayo idalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi mabukuwo, zisudzo komanso kukonda kwawo kwawo.
Moyo Wanu
Ntchito ya Ostrovsky idakhala yosangalatsa kuposa moyo wake. Anali ndi ukwati waboma ndi mkazi wake wazaka 20. Anakumana mu 1847. AGAFYA Ivanovna, limodzi ndi mlongo wake wachichepere adakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba ya wolemba. Msungwana wosungulumwa adasankhidwa. Palibe amene amadziwa momwe adakumana.
Abambo a rostrovsky anali otsutsana ndi kulumikizidwa uku. Atanyamuka kupita ku Schekejekovo, achinyamata adayamba kukhalira limodzi. Mkazi wachilengedwe anali pafupi ndi rostrovsky, ziribe kanthu za seweroli lakale m'moyo wake. Kusowa ndi kuchepetsedwa sikunathere malingaliro awo.
Malingaliro ndi zikopa za rostrovsky ndi abwenzi ake anali ofunika kwambiri ku Agafier Ivanovna. Anali wotchuka chifukwa cha kuchereza alendo ndi kumvetsetsa. Mnzake nthawi zambiri amamupempha kuti akawalangize, amagwira ntchito yatsopano.
Ukwati wawo sunali wovomerezeka ngakhale ngakhale atamwalirayo atamwalira. Ana a Alexander Ostrovsky anali apathengo. Wamng'ono wamwalira ali mwana. Justin Alexey adakhalabe ndi moyo.
Ostrovsky adadzakhala wachikunja. Anali ndi chibwenzi ndi wochita zachinyengo Kositskaya-Nikulina, yemwe adasewera ku Kateterina pa Progrese Play "mu 1859. Wojambulayo adasankha wolemba wamalonda wachuma.
Wokondedwa wotsatira unakhala Maria Bakmetyyev. Agafya Ivanovna amadziwa za chumacho, koma sananyadira ndipo anapirira ku Drama. Adamwalira mu 1867. Manda ali kuti a mkazi, osadziwika.
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mkaziyo, a rostrovsky zaka ziwiri amakhala yekha. Wokondedwa wake Maria Vasalyevna bakhmetyeva adakhala mkwatibwi wosewera. Mzimayi adampatsa iye ana akazi awiri ndi ana amuna anayi. Ukwati wokhala ndi seweroli anali wokondwa. Ndi a Ostrovsky anali ndi moyo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake.
Imfa
Zaumoyo wa chilumbachi chilumbacho chinachepa kwambiri ndi katundu, yemwe wolemba adadzitengera yekha. Anatsogolera ntchito yovutayi komanso yopanga, koma nthawi zonse itapezeka ngongole. Mitundu imabweretsa ndalama zambiri. Komanso, rostrovsky anali ndi penshoni 3,000, koma ndalamazi sizinali zokwanira.
Mavuto azachuma sangakhale ndi vuto la olemba bwino. Anali pamavuto komanso mavuto omwe akhudza ntchito ya mtima. Yogwira ndipo ali ndi moyo, osstrovsky anali mu mzere wa mapulani atsopano ndi malingaliro omwe amafuna kusungunuka koyambirira.
Malingaliro ambiri opanga sanazindikire chifukwa chakuimbira za thanzi la wolemba. Pa Juni 2, 1886, adamwalira ku Kastroma adakwera. Choyambitsa imfa chimawonedwa ngati angina. Maliro a osewera omwe adapezeka pafupi ndi chisa chabanja, m'mudzi wa Nikolo-berezhka. Manda a wolemba amapezeka pamanda a tchalitchi cha Nicholas Shadker.
Maliro a wolemba amakonzedwa ndi zopereka kuti Emperor Alexander III adalamula kuti apange. Adauza abale onena za rubles 3,000 ndipo penshoni yomweyo adayikidwa mkazi wamasiye wa rostrovsky. Kulera ana a wolemba, boma lidapereka ma ruble 2400 pachaka.
Ntchito za Alexander Nikolayyovich rostrovsky adasindikizidwa mobwerezabwereza. Anakhala chithunzi cha Clamatic Russian Stematurgy ndi zisudzo. Masewera ake amaikabe zojambula za Chirasha komanso zachilendo. Ntchito ya wosewerera idathandizira kukulitsa mtundu wa mitundu, director ndi luso lochita.
Mabuku omwe masewero a rostrovsky amasonkhanitsidwa, amasungunuka pamtunda wambiri patatha zaka makumi angapo atamwalira, ntchitozo zimasakanizidwa ndi zolemba ndi ahorisms. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky kufalitsidwa pa intaneti.
M'bali
- 1846 - "Kujambula Kwabanja"
- 1847 - "Anthu Ake Ndi Afashoni"
- 1851 - "Mkwatibwi wosauka"
- 1856 - "Malo Opindulitsa"
- 1859 - "Bingu"
- 1864 - "Joker"
- 1861 - "Banja la Balzaminova"
- 1865 - "Pamalo A Bsanu"
- 1868 - "Mtima Wotentha"
- 1868 - "Pamasamba onse ophweka"
- 1870 - "nkhalango"
- 1873 - "Mtsikana"
- 1873 - "Kukonda Kwambiri"
- 1875 - "Mimbulu ndi Nkhosa"
- 1877 - "Womaliza Womaliza"