Chiphunzitso
Kutali kwambiri ndi nkhawa, lingaliro lopweteka limasiya owerenga bukulo "Dzuwa la Akufa Limapereka Kuwerenga kwa" Chilimwe cha AMBUYE ". Izi mosiyana ndi buku lina lililonse linapangitsa Ivan Shmeleva wodziwika ndi wolemba osati kudziko lakwawo, komanso kudziko lina.
Wolemba waku Russia, yemwe anapulumuka imfa yoyambirira ya abambo ake, omwe anayamba kuphedwa kwa Ayuda achifumu, kuphedwa kwa mwana wake wamwamuna ndikukakamizidwa kuti alandire mphoto ya Nobel, koma sanakhale wolowerera. Wolemba adakhala zaka zomaliza za moyo mu umphawi wosamuka. Mu 2000, zotsalira za schmelev zimaperekedwa ku Russia ndikuwulutsa likulu.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ngakhale kuti agogo a Ivan Schmelev mu mzere wa Atate anali munthu wamba ku Moscow, wolemba mtsogolo adabadwa mchipinda chotetezeka. Papa Sergei Ivanovich adasankhidwa ku ngongole za ngongolezo ndikukonza zojambulajambula. Iyenso ndi malo osambira angapo. Mwa wokwatirana naye, adasankha mwana wake wamkazi kwa wochita malonda ndi Ev Teanov. Okutobala 3 (malinga ndi kalembedwe akale - Seputembara 21), 1873, mkazi wake adamupatsa mwana wamwamuna, yemwe adatchedwa Ivan polemekeza agogo.
Ndili ndi ubale wozizira komanso wokhwima, ubale wa Ivan nthawi zonse umakhala bwino, ngakhale kuti anali odziwika bwino kwambiri, yemwe adaphunzira ku Buiden wodziwika bwino, adaphunzitsa mwana wake wamwamuna kuti aziwerenga zakale zaku Russia. Nthawi yochulukirapo, mnyamatayo adakhala ndi abambo ndi ambuye ake. Panali pakati pawo ndi mikhail pankratovich Gratodin - okalamba adasiya ntchitoyo ndikupempha Sergey Ivanovich. Amakhulupirira kuti motsogozedwa ndi iye ndikukhazikitsa chidwi cha Schmelev ku chipembedzo.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 7, bambowo adagwa kuchokera ku kavalo ndipo samatha kuchira. Amayi anakhalabe yekha ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Amakhala ma risiti ku bafa; Kuphatikiza apo, anabwereketsa pansi lachitatu la nyumbayo ndi pansi. Wodala, Serene nthawi yaubwana, pomwe panali zaka 11 vaya adasamutsidwa kuchokera kuchipinda cha board bording, omwe anali atayimirira pafupi ndi nyumbayo, kupita ku malo oyamba ku Moscow. Wophunzira wake pambuyo pake amakumbukira ngati nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya unyamata. "Anthu ozizira, owuma," adzalemba za aphunzitsi pambuyo pake.
Chifukwa cha chidwi komanso kusamvana ndi aphunzitsi m'mazaka angapo, Shmelev inasinthanso malowa. Anamaliza maphunziro awo kuyambira sikisi yachisanu ndi chimodzi mu 1894, pomwe wophunzirayo sanatenge theka la kuchuluka kwa mendulo yagolide. Shmelev amabwera ku Moscow Yunivesite yaukadaulo, ndipo chaka chotsatira m'Buku "Russia" adasindikiza ntchito "- kujambula kumapereka mnyamatayo kulemba.
Malembo
Kuuziridwa ndi buku loyamba, patatha zaka ziwiri, Shmelev aganiza zofalitsa nkhani "m'matanthwe a Valaam". Zochitika wolemba adasonkhana paulendo wopita ku nyumba ya amonke. Koma wotsatsira wachifumu sapereka ntchito yosindikiza ntchitoyi, kukakamiza wolemba kuti achotse ndime. Yofalitsidwanso ndemanga za anthu owerengetsa matendawa akusiyitsa owerenga osayanjanitsika, ndipo Wolemba yemwe akukhumudwayo amapuma pang'ono, omwe amachedwa zaka 9.
Atalandira maphunziro ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito chaka chankhondo, Shmelev ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wakeyo anasamukira ku Vladirir. Wolemba amagwira ntchito ngati mkulu wa magawo apadera omwe a Vladimir Kazin Chamber ya zochita za mkati. Kuyambira 1905, Sergeevich Sergeevich imakonzanso ntchito ndi kulemba maxim gorky akufunsa ena a iwo. Wolemba amapanga nkhani ndi nkhani, pakatikati pake ndi "munthu wamng'ono."
Kubwerera ku likulu la Shmelev mu 1909 kujowina chilengedwe. Wolemba malembawo adaphatikizapo Ivan Bunnin, Alexander Kuprin ndi olemba ena, komanso Feder Shalyapin. Omwe anali olemba osati misonkhano yokha, komanso kukhulupirika kwa olemba ku Moscow ", omwe oyambitsa Chiyanjano ndi Bunnin ndi Shmelev.
Mu 1911, nkhani "munthu woyamba" amafalitsidwa. Pambuyo pazaka 16, kusintha kwa ntchitoyi, kujambula kugwa kwa makhalidwe, komwe kunapangidwa ndi woyang'anira Soviet Yavov Protazanov. Pofika zaka 40, a Shmelev amadziwika kuti wolemba nkhani wa nkhani ndikuwatsogolera wamalonda ndi wamba. Pofotokoza za Soghs, powona moyo wake wolemera, wolemba ndi wovomerezeka amakwaniritsa zochitika za February 1917. Komabe, kufanana kwa chisokonezo ndi kutsatira ziwawa msanga ziyembekezo ndi zoopsa.
Popeza kuwonongeka kwa chokhacho, osati madera okhathanzi, kukula kwa nkhanza ndi mwana wake woyaka ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wamwamuna wankhondo yachifumu, amene adamenya nkhondo kutsogolo kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, kusiya. ku Crimea. Apa banja limapeza nyumbayo ndi chiwembucho, Ivan Sergeevich alemba nkhaniyi pazochitika zankhondo zapachiweniweni "zitero" ndikuyambitsa nkhaniyo "Yachilendo". Koma wokhomedwa amangotsala pang'ono kusiya zoopsa. Asitikali ofiira amakhala Crimea ndipo, ngakhale atayesetsa ndi zilembo za abambo, a Sergey Shgelev adaphedwa.
Wolemba yemwe moyo wake umasweka ndi kutaya, amakhala ndi zaka zina ziwiri pa Peninsula, kenako kusamukira ku Europe. Poyamba amasiya ku Berlin, kenako nkusamukira ku Paris. Mu likulu la France, lemelerov likhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Pambuyo pa kusuntha, "Dzuwa la Akufa" - buku la buku, kukoka kuipa kwa zochitika za kusinthira ku Russia. "Werengani izi ngati muli ndi kulimba mtima kokwanira," Anatero ntchito ya Alexander Sozhanitsyn adamufotokozera kuti "satifiketi iyi ya bolshevism zaka zoyambirira za ku Soviet."
Poopa tsoka la amayi, pakuwona kuwonongedwa kwa zaka zambiri zamikhalidwe yodziwika bwino komanso mfundo zothandizira, shmelev zimayambitsa nkhani - timabuku. Mu theka lachiwiri la zolinga za 20 zovuta, mphuno imasinthidwa ndi njira yakale. "Chakudya chamadzulo chosiyana", "nyimbo ya ku Russia" - nkhani izi zimadzala ndi mafotokozedwe owala a tchuthi cha Orthodox, moyo, miyambo.
Pamwamba pa gawo ili kumakhala nkhani "bogomol" ndi bukuli "ambuye wa chilimwe". Ndizofunikira kuti ntchitozo zinalengedwa zikufanana. Mabuku onsewa atchuka kwambiri pakati pa akupita ku Chirassian.
Modzipereka, Woyambitsa adzudzule maluwa a ubwana, ndipo ali nawo - - adataya Russia. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, "nthawi yotentha ya Ambuye" imasindikizidwa mu 1933 ku Belgrade, "Bolomol" - mu 1935 kumeneko. Kudzikoli kwa Shmelev, mabuku ali padziko lapansi kokha kumapeto kwa 80s.
Nthawi yomaliza ya wolemba Russia Russian idadziwika ndi kulimbikitsidwa kudziko lakwawo. Shmelev imawonjezera matchulidwe a Pea wa 1896 ndikupanga Valaam "Yakale" yakale. Mu 1936, kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa anati, buku la "Nanny ku Moscow" limalemba, ngwazi yayikulu yomwe mayi wachikulireyo akukondera kumuka.
Shmelev adadana ndi boma la Bolshevik lomwe adachotsa chitsimikizo cha USSR ngati chotsimikizira za Mulungu. M'kalata yopita ku Filosopher Ivan Ilyn, kumenyedwa kwa Germany kwa Germany kudatchedwa "cholemetsa cha chida, ndikuchotsa chiyembekezo chakuti mphamvu ya chikominizo" idzatsegulira chitsitsimutso cha dziko.
Mu 1948, Ivan Sergeevich adayamba kugwira ntchito yatsopanoyo "njira yakumwamba." Ntchitoyi idalibe chifukwa cha kufa kwa wolemba, koma malingana ndi machaputala omwe adapangidwa ndikudziwikiratu kuti akufuna kuwonetsa usodzi wa Mulungu m'dziko lenileni.
Munthawi ya Soviet, ntchito ya shmelev idawonedwa ngati anti-soviet. Philizani mabuku a wolemba wokhulupirira ena adangogwiritsa ntchito kokha. Mu 1993, nyumba yoseya yanyumba yosungiramo nyumba idatsegulidwa mu Alushta, ndipo posakhalitsa wolemba adazindikira kuti ali kudziko lakwawo.
Moyo Wanu
Ivan Shmelev anakwatirana zaka 20, atangolandira ku yunivesiteyo. Mkazi wake adayamba kukhala Olga Mawan. Dzina lachilendo lomwe lidafotokozedwa ndi chiyambi cha banja labwino kwambiri. Makolo ake anasamukira ku Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Abambo Alexander Alexandrovich adakhala ngwazi ya Chitetezo cha Sevastopol.
Ukwati ndi Olga Alexandrovna anali wokondwa, pamodzi adakhala zaka 40. Anali mkazi wa m'tsogolo atabadwa kwa mzimu Sereza mu 1896, adalimbikitsa wolemba wa Novike kuti akacheze Valaam. Adamwalira mu 1936. Ivan Sergeevich adapulumuka kwa zaka 14.
Imfa
Pamodzi ndi olemba ena osamukira ku Russia, Ivan Bunn ndi Dmin Merryovsky Sherlevy Sherlev, kawiri, kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphotho ya Nobel. Komabe, adalephera kukhala wopambana. Wolemba wakale adayamba kuchitika zovuta zakuthupi zomwe adakumana nazo.
Ivan Shmelev adamwalira mu 1950, June 24. Choyambitsa kufa chinali vuto la mtima. Anaikidwa m'manda a mzinda wa Saint-genetive de Boua, koma tsopano malo ake amakhala ku Necropolis wa nyumba ya anyani, yomwe inali likulu la Russia. Kubwezeretsako kunachitika mu 2000. Ndipo zotsalira za olga ndi Sergey Shimeleva adasamukira kuno.
M'bali
- 1897 - "M'matanthwe a Valaam"
- 1907 - "Citoni UkLyaichin"
- 1911 - "Munthu Wogulitsa"
- 1913 - "Wolf Dock"
- 1916 - "Masiku a Sigor"
- 1918 - "Mwala Wosakhulupirika"
- 1927 - "Za Mkazi Akale"
- 1927 - "Mbiri Yachikondi"
- 1923 - "Dzuwa la Akufa"
- 1933 - "" "Chilimwe Ambuye"
- 1935 - "Bogomol"
- 1935 - "Valamu wakale"
- 1936 - "Nanny wochokera ku Moscow"
Mawu
"Tsiku la tsikulo ndi lowopsa - ndipo tsopano tirigu wowerengeka ndiokwera mtengo kuposa munthu." "Msewu wopanda kanthu mulibe chilichonse: kwalembedwa ndi zidutswa za miyoyo ya anthu." "- Sindidzaphedwa ndi Izi osati zogawanitsa: Njira sizobisika, koma zabisidwa kwanzeru komanso zomveka. "Zosangalatsa
- Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi khansa, Ivan SHEMELEV anali akadali mu masewera 6. Wophunzirayo anaphatikizanso m'malemba omwe ali m'Kachisi wa mawu okayikira a Reprier ailesi a nthangala za Nadoni, zomwe adalandira "gawo," adasowa mayeso chaka chachiwiri. Malinga ndi kuvomereza kwake komwe, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo asakayikira.
- Ali mwana, adadwala manjenje chifukwa cha mantha a mayi. M'malo mwa kukopa, Ev Tensopilovna idatengedwa ku Rogs. Ngati zonena kuti Mwana amavumbula tsaya, adapereka kamzera.
- Chikondi choyambacho chinapulumuka pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu, koma posakhalitsa malingaliro adasinthidwa ndi zokumana nazo zatsopano. Zowona za unyamata kuti zikhale maziko a buku la "mbiri ya chikondi" cha 1927, malinga ndi momwe mu 2006, Yaroslavl zimachulukitsa Alexander Petrov adapanga kanema wojambula.