Chiphunzitso
Ndi chithunzi cha Edward Minka "Creek" tsopano tsopano ndichabwino kwambiri kuposa momwe amajambula aku Norway. Moyo wake, wowoneka bwino komanso wopweteka, unadzazidwa ndi matenda amisala, zokhumudwitsa. Dzuwa la masiku awo, Edward MUNA adasiya mbiri mu diary:"Matenda, misala ndi imfa ikuwuluka pachiwopsezo changa kuti mundiperekeze moyo wonse."Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Edward adabadwa pa Disembala 12, 1863 M'banja la Lywer a Lölara Katrina Bjölstad. Mnyamatayo anali ndi mlongo wamkulu wa Yuhathana Sofia ndi wachichepere - sigramu ndi Laura, komanso M'bale Andreas. Ubwana wa wojambula mtsogolo anali atadutsamo: Pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha ntchito yachikhristu - dokotala wankhondo, pofunafuna nyumba yotsika mtengo.
Ngakhale kuti banja la Movula linakhala bwino pakati pa anthu opanga opanga, omwe anali pafupi ndi mitundu yawo. Chifukwa chake, wachibale wakutali anali waluso wa Jacob Mink. Agogo ake a Edward adakumbukira dziko monga mlaliki waluso, ndipo Mkristu, Peter Andreas - wolemba mbiri yabwino kwambiri.
Mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 5, amayi ake anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo famuyo idatenga mlongo wake Karen. Mkristu, pokhala munthu wachipembedzo, wokwatirana atamwalira. Adauza ana ake aamuna ndi ana ake aakazi a mbiri ya Mbiri ya Helian, ndipo zonena zogona ndipo zimalota za Edwa. Kuti athawe ku masomphenya osokoneza, mnyamatayo aja ananyamuka. Kale pamenepo zojambula zake zidawonekadi ndi luso.
Mu 1877, mlongo mlongo wamkulu wadwawu, Sofia adamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Mnyamatayo anali pafupi naye, choncho anatayika kwambiri. Chochitika chomvetsa chisoni chinali chifukwa chokhumudwitsa mchikhulupiriro. M'mayiko, Mvula yokumbukira kuti Atate "anayenda mmbuyo ndi kukadanda mikono, 'koma sanathandize mtsikanayo kuchira. Masiku omwe anagwiritsa ntchito ndi mlongoyo pambuyo pake amawonekera mujambula "Wodwala" ndi "kasupe".
Matendawa amatsatira banja la Movula. Sophie atamwalira, mlongo wina Edward, Laura, anayamba kuchita zachilendo. Nthawi zambiri amadandaula, amakunkhunizidwa ma raysters, amakhala mwamtendere masiku ena ndipo sanalankhule ndi aliyense. Anapezeka ndi matenda a Schizophrenia.
Mkristu adaona mwa mwana wa injiniya, motero mu 1879, ali ndi zaka 16, ndipo adalowa ku koleji yaukadaulo. Zinapatsidwa mosavuta fiziki, chemistry ndi masamu. Ngakhale zinthu zikamapitiriza, mnyamatayo adathamangitsidwa, posankha kukhala wojambula. Kuyambira kwa abambo abambo sanathandizike: Adaganizira za ntchito yopenda ndi zoyipa. Ngakhale zionetsero, mu 1881, wojambulayo wachinyamata adalowa ku sukulu yachifumu yojambula ku Oslo.
Mu 1883, dzina la Edward Minka poyamba kumva ku Norway. Monga nyumba yopanga, owonetsedwawo adapereka "mutu wa Etode." Kuchokera pa izi adayamba kupangidwa kwa wojambula wamkulu.
Pikicha yopentedwa
Mu zaka zotsatira, Mwalawu watayika mobwerezabwereza zowonetsa, koma ntchito yake idatayika pakati pa kunyezimira ndi kuchuluka kwa mayina a ojambula. Mu 1886, Edward adawonetsa "wodwala" wa mtima ndipo adalandira ndemanga zoyipa zoyipa. Ndemanga iyi idawonekera mu umodzi mwa manyuzipepala a komweko:
"Ntchito yabwino kwambiri yomwe mungapatseko Mthurd Minurd Minurd Minurd, kulibe chete kudutsa zojambula zake. Zojambula za musk zimachepetsa kwambiri chiwonetserochi. "Chifukwa chotsutsidwa chinali kugonjetsedwa kwa ntchito komanso kusakhala wopanda ntchito. Wojambula wachinyamata amene akuimbidwa mlandu wowongolera njirayo ndikukula.
Ndipo manch adawona kuti "mtsikana wodwala" ndi kupambana kwake. Monga chitsanzo, iye anasankha Nielsey wazaka 11. Atatembenukira kwa bambo a Edward kuti athandizidwe - mchimwene wake anaswa mwendo wake. Mtsikanayo anali wokondwa kwambiri komanso wokongola ndi maso ojambula omwe wojambulayo adamupempha kuti akhale chokwanira.
Pambuyo potsutsa ovuta, Edward adasiya kukhala odzipereka, utoto wake sudzisakaza. Chaka chotsatira, mu 1889, adayesanso kunena za mlongoyo m'chithunzithunzi. Kupanga, Monk adapanga chidwi: Mutha kuwona momwe makataniwo amapenga, ndikumva kuwala, ndikuthira kunja kwa zenera.
Pa Canvas tsiku lachilimwe amatsutsidwa ndi malo olemera, omwe amalamulira mchipindacho. Mtsikana wina wa tsitsi lofiira, ndikudulira pilo, ndikuyang'ana mayi wachikulire yemwe ali ndi ngongole, m'manja mwake mankhwala. Palibe matani owala m'matola, makamaka amawoneka ngati oseketsa. Zikumveka kuti posachedwa imfa idzatsogolera kwa iwo.
Kumapeto kwa 1889, pamene Chikumbutso chapita kukaphunzira ku Paris, adalandira uthenga wa abambo ake atamwalira. Wojambulayo adakumana ndi nkhawa, adasokoneza kulumikizana ndi abwenzi. Chochitika ichi chakhala chimodzi mwazofunikira pantchito ya owuminitsi. Adalemba pamenepo molemba:
"Pasayenera kulembera ena omwe amawerenga amuna ndi akazimanga akazi. Adzasinthidwa ndi anthu enieni omwe amapumira ndikumva, chikondi ndi kuvutika ... ".Pokumbukira bambo a Edward adalemba chithunzi "Usiku ku Makamaka". Mu nyumbayo, yodzaza ndi kuwala kwa usiku, zenera limakhala la munthu. Olemba mbiri amakono aluso sawona m'chifanizo ichi cha mug, ndipo bambo ake akuyembekezera kufa.
Kubwerera Kumalo Ake, wojambulayo adayamba kugwira ntchito yokhudza ntchito, yomwe pambuyo pake idalandira dzina "Fries of Life: ndakatulo yokhudza chikondi, moyo ndi imfa." Mmenemo, Monk anafuna kuonetsa magawo a mapangidwe a munthu - kuyambira kufa mpaka imfa. Kuzungulira kumaphatikizaponso ntchito: "Madonna", "kweng", "phulusa moyo", "phulusa". Total 22 zojambula, m'magulu anayi: "Kubadwa kwa chikondi", "kuyanga ndipo atakalamba chikondi", "Kuopa moyo" ndi "imfa".
Kuphatikizidwa mu "phokoso la moyo" ndi chithunzicho "cholembera" 1881. Otsutsa sanamuvomereze ndi chisangalalo, adazindikira kuti Monk adapeza kalembedwe kake - zolemba zowala, mitundu yosavuta komanso nthawi yolamulira mu ntchito zonse. Kuzungulira kwathunthu kunayambitsidwa koyamba mu 1902.
Mu ntchito ya Edward Minka, palibe zithunzi zana limodzi, koma "kufuula" kunakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi iwo. Mu buku lanthawi zambiri, cholengedwa chonga anthu chonga cha anthu chikuwonetsedwa pamenepo, thambo limajambulidwa ndi mithunzi yofiira ya lalanje. Creek, kuthawa kuchokera pakamwa pamomwe, ngati kuti kung'ung'udza. Ziwerengero zina ziwiri zikuwoneka kumbuyo. M'malemba ake, onk adalemba kuti:
"Ndidayenda ndi abwenzi awiri, dzuwa linali ndi abwenzi, mosayembekezereka thambo lidakhala wamagazi-lofiirira, ndidayamba kutopa, ndikusiyidwa ndi magazi a Flush-Black Fjord Ndipo mzinda wanga, anzanga anapitilizabe, ndipo ine ndinayima, ndimasangalala kwambiri, ndikumva kulira, kuboola. "Pankhani ya zomwe adawona mu 1892, wojambulayo adalemba "kukhumudwa". Pamalo, m'malo mwa cholengedwa wamba, munthu amawonetsedwa mu chipewa. Patatha chaka chimodzi, zonunkhira zimajambula pastel ya anthu, kenako ndikupaka utoto ndi mafuta. Pambuyo pake, ena awiri anawonjezeredwa m'malo awa. Makamaka otchuka ndi chifanizo cha 1893, chomwe chimasungidwa mu National Museum ku OSlo.
Olemba mbiri aluso adapeza malo pomwe Edward amakhoza kuwona chithunzichi. Chosangalatsa chakuti chisanachitike kale malowa chidapezeka nyumba yayikulu ku Oslo ndi chipatala cha m'maganizo. Wofufuza wa Misk anati:
"Adatinso kulira kwa zinyama zodetsedwa, osakanikirana ndi kulira kwa matenda amisala, sikunathe."Chifukwa chake, "mawu opanda malire, a kuboola chilengedwe".
1894 inadziwika ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri - "kucha" ndi "msungwana ndi imfa". Zojambula zonse ziwiri kuphatikiza zosiyanitsa. Chifukwa chake, mu "kusakhazikika" kwa achichepere, osalimba, mthunzi, wowopsa, womwe unkachita mantha ndi zoyipa zake, adawopa zaukhalidwe.
Pa ntchito "mtsikana ndi imfa", kukongola kumapsompsona kwa mafupa, kumutenga ngati bwenzi labwino. Kutsutsa kotereku ndi chikhalidwe chamakono.
Zopangira zojambula m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Chithunzi, mawonekedwe, moyo. Munthawi yakumapeto, ntchito yake idayamba mwamwano, ndipo ziwembu ndizosavuta. Makonda ake ndi minda adawonekera pamavalidwe ake.
Moyo Wanu
Edward Mthun sanakwatirane ndipo analibe ana, koma amadziwika za 3 mwa mabuku ake.
Mu 1885, adakumana ndi Millie Tailov. Mtsikanayo anali atakwatirana, motero sanasamalire mnyamata wina kwambiri, koma sanawakani. Edward atchulidwa kuti amakonda kwambiri: Kupotoza bukuli ndi mkazi wokwatiwa kumatanthauza kuwoloka zopinga zonse zachipembedzo. Chifukwa chake osalandila ku Milli, Milli, machake anakana kuti adzagonjetse.
Mu 1892, wojambulayo adadziwana ndi sysblav pysbyshevsky, mtengo, ndi dziko, ndipo mkazi wake wamtsogolo digney yul. Mtsikanayo adakhala mtsogoleri wa mulka, adagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza fano lake mu utoto. Ofufuzawo amavomereza mwayi womwe unali unansi wachikondi pakati pa achinyamata.
Wopweteka kwambiri anali buku lokhala ndi zida zamagetsi (Matilda) Larsen, omwe adayamba mu 1898. Poyamba, maubale awo anali bwino, kenako mayiyo anayamba kutopa ndi zokondana. Mu 1902, adamva kuzizira kwa wokondedwa wake ndikuwopseza kudzipha. Mantha, Edward adabwera kwa iye.
Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, panali mkangano womwe unachitika pakati pawo, chifukwa cha mtengo wowombera. Malinga ndi zomwe zimafala, talla anafuna kuwombera, ndipo wojambulayo akufuna kuti athetse wosinthikayo atayambitsa. Mwamunayo adagonekedwa m'chipatala, ndipo pa chibwenzichi.
Mpaka imfa m'moyo wa Mukka, mkazi amene amakonda sakuwoneka.
Imfa
Wojambulayo anali ndi thanzi lofooka, komabe, mu 1918, Chisipanya chimawonjezeka, chomwe chimafalitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Mu 1930, pafupifupi khungu chifukwa cha zotupa mu thupi lakumanja, koma sanasiye utoto.
Patatha mwezi umodzi tsiku lake la 80, mu 1944, wojambulayo anamwalira. Chithunzi chake chopita chikusungidwa mu Museum of Minka ku OSlo.
Wowonerera atamwalira, zojambula zonse zidasamutsidwa ku Boma. Ziwerengero masauzande ambiri ndi zolemba masiku ano zimapanga mawonekedwe akuluakulu a Museum of then.
Kutchula za wojambulayo kumapezeka m'mabuku aluso ndi mafilimu. Chifukwa chake, mu 1974, filimuyo "Edward Monk", yonena za zaka zakupanga.
Zojambula
- 1886 - "Wodwala"
- 1892 - "Kukhumudwa"
- 1893 - "Creek"
- 1893 - "Imfa mchipinda cha Wodwala"
- 1894 - "Madonna"
- 1894 - "Kuluka"
- 1895 - "Vampire"
- 1895 - "Nsanje"
- 1896 - "Liwu" ("Usiku Wachilimwe")
- 1897 - "kupsompsona"
- 1900 - "Moyo Wovina"
- 1902 - "Mibadwo Yainayi M'moyo"
- 1908 - "kudziyimira nokha thambo lamtambo"
- 1915 - "Pa umboni wakufa" ("malungo")
- 1919 - "Kudziyimira nokha pambuyo pa Spanish fuluwenza"