Chiphunzitso
"Mchiritsi Wonse", Wapampando wa Prerisman wa Countral Council of the Nasrr "Mikhail Kalinin anali wowala, koma munthu wotchuka. Pazinthu zopumira, adamangidwa kanthawi limodzi, adawonetsa chidwi chambiri cha ballinas of the Bolphoi zisudzo, koma adatha kusiya kukumbukira yekha kwa zaka zambiri m'mabanja, m'misewu, mayunivesite, mayunivesite.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin adabadwa mu 7 (19) mu 1875 m'mudzi wapamwamba wa Terver Province (tsopano - Kashinsky chigawo cha Tver). M'banja la Ivan Kalinovich ndi Maria Vasalevna, mnyamatayo adayamba kubadwa, ndipo posakhalitsa adazisintha kuti azigwira ntchito wamba.
Mpaka zaka 11, Mikhail adalandira maphunziro apanyumba, kenako pasukulu yoyamba ya zemyky. Pulogalamuyi idapangidwa zaka zinayi, adazigwiritsa ntchito awiri, atalandiranso pepala labwino pomwe amasulidwa chifukwa cha chidziwitso komanso mwakhama.
Tsiku lina mnyamata, akuyenda mozungulira chigawo cha oyandikana nawo, anakumana ndi ana osazolowerero - atavala zovala zoyera, kutsuka. Abambo awo anali boma la boma, wolemekezeka Dmitry Petrovich Mordukhai-Boltsky. Amayi a Mikhail, ataphunzira za mwayi wokhala pafupi ndi utoto, anakatenga ku Tetkovo, komwe banja limakhala, ndipo ntchitoyi idaseka pamphumi ya mwana wake. Chifukwa chake kusintha kwam'tsogolo kunawathandiza kuti atumikire mwalawu.
Mu 1889, eni malowo adanyamula Kalinin ku St. Petersburg, potero ndikumupatsa tikiti ku dziko lapansi. Apa, m'nyumba ya Modukhai Bolotovski, laibulale yolemera inali. Akuluakuluwo adalola kuti mnyamatayo azitenga mabuku, ndipo iye amakonda kudziwa, werengani masamba pambuyo pake, zokambirana za Platholi ndi ntchito za Plato ndi ntchito za sefilofi.
Mu 1893, Mikhail Kalinin adalowa wophunzira ku Tokhary kupita ku chomera chakale cha Conseenal Control, patatha zaka ziwiri adapita ku Trilovy chomera ndipo adalowa bungwe lankhondo la anthu. Mu Julayi 1899, adamangidwa chifukwa chogawa zopendekera zopatutsa za "Zowopsa". Ngakhale kuti palibe umboni wa lingaliro ili, Kalinina ndi omwe amacheza nawo adathamangitsidwa ku Tiflis.
Mu unyamata wa Revolution, mkhalidwe wa pamtambo unasokonekera, kotero kumangidwa sikunathandize kukana kusokonekera. Polowekiza ulalo, adalumikizana ndi bungwe la Tiflis pa United National Homession ndipo adakumana ndi Egionatcha ku Nicknanmed Koba, tsogolo la Joseph Stalin. Pambuyo pake, mu 19101, nthawi ya Kalinin, ndinakulitsidwa, nyumba ya metekh, kenako ndikutumiza kuti fulvey (tsopano - tallinn).
Onse, Biotovich's Biography's Biography ya Mikhayovich idamangidwa, palibe, sizinayambitse mawu enieni.
Ntchito ndi Revolumition
Kusintha koyamba kwa Russia kwa 1905 kunakhala chochitika chachikulu m'moyo wa Mikhail Kalinin. Mnyamatayo anakumana ndi Vladimir Lenin ndipo anakopeka ndi chidwi kwambiri pa chithunzi chosangalatsa chimenecho. Kalinin adalemba muyezo wa kayendedwe kazinthu za Bolsheviks: munthu wochokera kwa gulu la omwe akugwira ntchito, omwe amadziwa chidwi ndi kutsimikizira khamulo la karl Marx.
Panthawi ya February Revolution ya 1917, Kalinin adatsimikizira kuti munthuyo adadziimba mlandu kuti azitsogolera anthu: adalunjika mzere wa owonetsa kundende "mitanda". Chifukwa cha kuwukira, akaidi onse - opha ena, akupha, achifwamba adatuluka ku ufulu. Kwa milungu ingapo, petrograd idakhala likulu laupandu.
Mikhail Ivanovich adatenga nawo mbali pokonzekera kusintha kwa Okutobala, misonkhano yokhazikitsa ma vladimir Lenin anakhala m'nyumba ya Kalinin. Mu 1918, kusintha kwawo kunayamba kufalitsa nkhani zonena za mikangano yaying'ono. Anafika ku Bolsheviks kuti asamandimeze ndi gululi, ndipo m'malo mwake, kuti apereke mwayi wogwira ntchito. Lenin adatsutsidwa mwamphamvu Kalinin chifukwa cha malingaliro awa:
"Ndinkapanduka kwambiri ku Comrade Kalinin, chifukwa block ndi bourgeoiiiiie ang'onoang'ono, ndi anguvinists - osatheka. Izi ndikupereka zachikhalidwe. "Pokhapokha Kupulumutsidwa kwa Krontadt ya 1921, mikail Ivanovich idamveka. Zotsatira zake zinali kuyambitsa kwa Nep.
Mu 1919, Kalinina adasankha cholembera cha Wapampando wa DVI. Mkango umangolowa m'mafanizo a "Zithunzi Zosintha Chitukuko" zafotokoza izi kwa iye yekha. Nthawi yomweyo, pasasankho, adayankha mawu oti dzina la Mikhail Ivanovich "lonse-Russian (onse) msewu" kwa zaka zambiri:
"Tidzatcha Mbiri Yalinin ndi kumuuza kuti:" M'mbuyomu mwakhala mukupita kumidzi, tsopano ndatsala pang'ono kukhala ndi zaka zoyambirira za Soviet. "Pambuyo pokhazikitsa malo apamwamba, omwe Lenin mu nthabwala yotchedwa mutu wa boma, Kalinin sanasiye zochitika. Mwachitsanzo, idathandizira kuthetsa zotsatira za njala ku Dera la Valga zomwe zidatsata nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Mu 1923, limodzi ndi clemet, voroshilov adapita ku North Caucasus kuti afotokozere za malamulo a boma la Soviet kwa nzika zakomweko.
Kuti apangiri malangizo ndi thandizo kutembenukira kwa Revoluary, anthu ndi mphamvu anathandizidwanso. Chifukwa chake, mu 1932, pothetsa funso la mabanja okwana 38,000,000, omwe sanachotsedwe ku minda ya Kalinina anali osakanizika. Ndipo malingaliro ndi awa:
"Ndimaona kuti sizabwino kwambiri."Ndipo yayamba kale, yathetsedwa.
Pa Disembala 1, 1934, Mikhail Ivanovich adasaina lamulo pakusintha njira ya milandu. Zosintha izi, zomwe zimaloledwa mwalamulo. Pambuyo pake, munthawi ya Chilango chachikulu, anthu amathandizidwa ndi Kalinin. Adayankha:
"Mkazi wanga amamangidwa, ndipo sindingathe kumuthandiza. Ndipo sindingakuthandizeni. "Moyo Wanu
Mu 1906, Mikhail Ivanovich adatenga ekanovich Ivanovna Lorberg, Estonka mwa mtundu. M'banjamo, zomwe ndizosatheka kutcha achimwemwe, ana asanu adabadwa.
Mwana woyamba Valerian adabadwa mu 1907. Kalinin sanali bambo ake achibale. Valeryan anamaliza maphunziro a Leningrad Polytechch Institute, koyambirira kwa 1930s anakwatirana, mwana anaonekera. Mu 1935, mnyamatayo anamwalira. Pambuyo pake, bambo wofulumidwa mwachangu adayamba kuvuta ndi psyche ndipo mu 1947 adadzipha.
Alexander adabadwa mu 1908, nawonso adamaliza maphunziro awo ku leingrad Polytech Institure. Atamasulidwa, ndinaphatikizidwa ndi mwana wamkazi ndi mwana wamkazi wa omwe ayandikira ku Natalia Gkovskaya. Iwo analibe ana. Adamwalira ali ndi zaka 80, pantchito yokhudza kafukufuku wa asayansi.
Mwana wamkazi Kalinina Lydia (1912) ndi Anna (1916) moyo wodzipereka ku mankhwala. Amodzi anali othandizira, enawo - x-ray. Lidiya yekhayo wa ana amene sanasiye kulumikizana ndi mayi. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwakukulu mu 1945, iwonso ndi Katherine Ivanovna amakhala ku Moscow.
Mwana wamkazi wachisanu, Julia, adamwalira atangowoneka atawala.
Kuphatikiza pa moyo wabanja, Mikhail Kalinina anali ndi chinanso, chinsinsi. M'buku la "mbuzi ya Kremlin. Kuvomereza kwa mbuye wa Stalin "Vera Davydova, wapafupi ndi mtsogoleriyo, analemba kutitembenukira motembenuka a Bolshoi zisudzo.
"Mikail Ivanovich adawapatsa chokoleti, zovala zamkati, zoitanidwa ku chakudya chamadzulo. Davydov yaying'ono ndi tulakwa. "Chikhulupiriro cha Belnin adauza Vera ndi kupha, yemwe Kalinin anali wotanganidwa ndi:
Mu 1938, zidadziwika kuti kusinthaku kunakhudza wachibale wazaka 16 wa Marshal Alexander EGrova. Zochita izi zimapangitsa Joseph Stalin. Wolakwa pazomwe adakumana nawo adadziwika ndi mkazi wa Kalinina, Catherine, akuti, sanasunge bums yake. Ananenedwa motsutsana ndi Revolution ndipo adatumiza zaka 15 kumsasa. Catherine adabweranso atatha zaka 7.5 kupita kwa mnzake wamwalira.
Imfa
Mu 1945, Mikhail Kalinina anapezeka ndi oncology. Kuchita Kuchotsa Chotupa sikunathandize. Kutembenukira kwatembenukira kwa Stalin ndi pempho loti atulutse mkazi wake kumisasa kuti athandize kupulumuka koopsa. Mtsogoleri wamuwomba Catherine, ndipo asanaimfa anali pafupi ndi mnzake.
Mikhail Ivanovich anamwalira pa Juni 3, 1946 kuchokera ku khansa yamatumbo. Patatha masiku atatu, bokosi linatsitsidwa ndi khoma la Kremlin m'manda.
Kukumbuka
- Polemekeza Mikail Kalinina, mayina a mizinda ya Kaliningrad (wakale Konigberg), Kalinin (tsopano - Tver), Kalininbad (tsopano - Kalininsk ndi Madera ena ambiri;
- Mpaka mu 1990, limodzi la ku Moscow Metro ndipo ofesi yanthambi imatchedwa "Kalininskaya" (tsopano "Alekshandrovsky Bide"). Pamalosi adakalipobe zobisika za kusinthika, ndipo nthambiyo yasunganso dzina;
- Ku Kaliningrad, malowa ali ndi chipilala cha mita 10 ku Mikhail Ivanovich ndi dzanja lotambasuka;
- Kuyambira pa 2013, maofesi 3,358 - mabwalo, misewu, chiyembekezo chotchedwa Kalinin;
- Ku St. Petersburg, nyumba zitatu zidasungidwa, komwe Kalinin adakhalako. Nambala yodziwika bwino kwambiri - Cown Howen 92a pa UL. Engels. Malinga ndi zolapa za Chikumbutso, "mnyumba mu nyumba ya nyumba m.i. Kalinin mu Okutobala 1917 V.I. Lenin adachititsa misonkhano yapaphwando pokonza zida zankhondo. " Kuweruza chithunzi chamakono, nyumbayo idabwezeretsedwa. Tsopano pali gawo lachiyuda lachiyuda.