Chiphunzitso
Alexander Galich - wolemba ndi wojambula ndi nyimbo zawo, kusewera ndi masitepe, ndakatulo ndi zolemba. Mbiri iyi ya munthu - Ginzburg, ndi Galich ndi wolemba ndakatulo, yemwe ndakatulo adapanga uthenga ndi makalata ochokera m'mayina ake, dzina ndi Patronymic.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexander adabadwa kumapeto kwa 1918 mu mzinda wa Dnierine wa Dnieper, yemwe kale anali ku Ekaterinoslave, mu banja la Ayuda. Amayi a Boy Vekkler Feig Boristovna adagwira ntchito yopanga, ndipo bambo Aron Samoilovich adagwira ntchito pachuma. Sasha si mwana yekhayo m'banjamo, mnyamatayo anali ndi Mchimwene wake wankhanza, yemwe anali atagwirapo ntchito kale ngati wogwiritsa ntchito kanema wambiri.
Alexander atakwanitsa zaka 2, banja lake linasamukira ku Sevastopol, ndipo zitatha zaka zitatu ku Moscow. Anamaliza likulu la Russia. Luso la wolemba wachichepere makolo ndi aphunzitsi awona za ubwana. Chifukwa chake, kufalitsa koyamba kwa Galiya kunapezeka muupainiya Pravda, pomwe anali ndi zaka 13.
M'MAbadwo uja Sasha amadziwa kuti ntchito yake itilumikizidwa ndi luso, koma silinathe kudziwa kuti njirayi ichitike. Chifukwa chake, mutamaliza sukulu ya 9, mnyamatayo afika pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ku Studio ya Opera-danislavsky ndi dzina lakale, lomwe limaponya. Ndipo patatha zaka zitatu, ndinanyamuka studio ya opera.
Mu 1939, mnyamatayo alowa alexei arbuzov ndi valentio ya valentine ya valentiine ya zisudzo. Ngongole ya Alexander Monga momwe zimakhalira m'chaka cha kafukufuku, mogwirizana ndi ophunzira ena, adapanga chochitika chosewera "City pa Zare". Ndiponso analembanso nyimbo yosewerera ndipo inasewera imodzi mwa maudindo.
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, mnyamatayo amasulidwa ku Umboni Wachipatala. Pambuyo pake ndi phwando, Galich amapita ku Grozny ndipo alipo kale mu bwalo lakale, pomwe amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Wosuntha kwa wolemba ndakatulo yemwe amalumikizidwa ndi studio ya Arbuzova, yemwe adapanga gulu la akanema ndipo adayitanitsa mawondo akale.
Nyimbo
Nyimbo pa Biligraphy ya Galich imapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950. Mwamuna alemba nyimbo ndipo amadziimira pawokha, kusewera gitala. Popanga nyimbo ya Wolemba, Bard idasinthidwa kuchokera pachikhalidwe cha chikondi ndipo posakhalitsa idakhala yoimira owala a mtunduwo. Ndipo ndikubwera kwa matenda oyamba, nyimbozo zikajambulidwa ndikumvetsera kangapo, zolembedwa zidasinthidwa, bamboyo adatchuka kwambiri.
Pambuyo pake, kupanga kale, mwamunayo sanaphatikize nyimbo yoyamba yolemba. Ndipo ntchito zingapo za 1959-1962 zinali zoletsedwa ndi boma la USSR, kuyambira, m'malingaliro awo, sanatsatire soviet aesthetics. Pokhala ndi kupanda chilungamo kwa moyo wake, galich akupitilizabe kupanga ndakatulo ya nyimbo zomwe zikuwoneka mwakuya komanso lakuthwa pankhani ya ubale wandale nthawi iliyonse.
Zachidziwikire, zonsezi zidatenga mpaka nthawi yeniyeni ndipo, kumapeto, zidapangitsa kuti olamulira aboma akhale ndi nkhondo. Mwamuna woletsedwa kupereka makonsati, akupanga mavesi awo ndi mbiri yawo yojambulidwa. Ali mwana, Galich yekhayo amene adalemba ufulu, amakana moyo wabwino komanso wotukuka.
Kapenanso, makonsati a zoletsedwa anakonza makonsati mu nyumbazo, omvera ake adalembedwa ndi kugawidwa masiketi. Komabe, ogwira ntchito a KGB adatsata izi, nthawi zambiri masseti amatulutsidwa nthawi zambiri, ndipo makonsati adafunsa kuti aletse.
Komabe, iyi si chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe Alexander AkhADYEvich amayembekezeredwa. Chapakatikati pa 1968, bardyo amasankha kuyankhula pa konsati yapagulu, yomwe idasungidwa mkati mwa chikondwerero cha nyimbo ya wolemba ku Novosibirsk. Mwa ntchito zathu, bambo amagwira ntchito nyimboyo "Memory B. L. Pasternak". Ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi chochitika ichi, buku limawonekera mu nyuzipepala yakumaloko waku Novolibalki, komwe Galich amachiritsidwa pagulu. Nthawi yomweyo mu adilesi yake imawopseza, chiletso pamayendedwe a nyimbo ndi kuwopseza.
Kuyesa kunyalanyaza zomwe olamulira, chaka chotsatira, Alexander Grich amatulutsa buku loyamba "nyimbo". Sitampuyi imachita chibwenzi ndi "Anti-Soviet" kufesa nyumba yofalitsa nyumba "kufesa". Chifukwa cha ichi mu 1971, chaka chatsopano chisanachitike, munthu sachotsedwa mu UNSR, ndipo chaka chamawa amasiya kukhala membala wa malembawo ndi mgwirizano wa matchulidwe a Cinematograph.
Pa ntchito ngati wolemba nyimbo ndi ndakatulo Galich adapanga ntchito zambiri. Ambiri mwa mafani ake onse ankakonda bun "ndikadzabweranso," yambadi pamoto wamuyaya komanso za chikumbumtima, nyimbo "ndi nkhani zina.
Mafilimu
M'nthawi yoyamba ya moyo, Galichriti yosewerera idangopanga masewero okha. Mu 1946 mpaka 1959, adalemba zisudzo 6, kuphatikizapo "msewu womwe tasankha", "pamakhala zinthu zambiri ngati munthu amafunikira", ndiwe, wolemba ndakatulo adapanga a Sewero lotchedwa "Syroshk Chete". Premiere adakonzekera kuti agwidwe mu "zisudzo" zamasiku ano, zomwe nthawi imeneyo zimatsegulidwa. Komabe, ngongoleyo sinali yoti ichitike, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba yomwe omverawo adawona atamwalira, mu 1988.
Mu 1954, munthu amapanga zolemba zoyambirira za mafilimu. Zosaiwalika kwambiri kwa owonera ndi otsutsa mafayilo anali kujambula "pa mphepo zisanu ndi ziwiri", "boma lachitatu", "likuyenda pamafunde" ndi ena. Mu 1964, filimuyo "mlandu" Galich "adapereka dipuloma ya USSR ya USSR.
Moyo Wanu
Ndili ndi mkazi wamtsogolo wa Valentina Arkhangelskksk adakumana ku Tashkent. Mkaziyo anali wochita sewero. Mchimwene wake wamkulu rostislav arkhangelskys ndi wochititsa ndi wopanga. Kwa kanthawi, achinyamata adakumana, ndipo atasuntha ku Moscow adaganiza zovomerezeka. Ndipo pafupifupi atangokwatirana, adayamba kuganiza za ana, choncho patatha chaka chimodzi Valentine adabereka mwamuna wake ku Alexander. Komabe, moyo wa ndakatuloyo sunali wokondwa nthawi zonse.
Zaka 2 pambuyo pakubadwa kwa mwana wolumikizana, valentine akuganiza zosamukira ku Irkutsk, chifukwa amalandira malo a ochita sewero otsogola. Maubwenzi patali amakhala ovuta kupereka achichepere, ndipo pakapita nthawi amasudzulana.
A Alexander Arikadevich sanazunzidwe chifukwa chodandaula komanso mu 1947 anali atakwatiwa. Nthawi ino ndakatulo yosankhidwa inakhala angelina Nikolaevna Shekrot. Ngakhale anali wachilengedwe wa mwamuna wake, mkaziyo anali naye mpaka kuimfa, akumuyembekezera iye kunyumba ndi kumukonda.
Mu 1967, zidziwitso za kubadwa kwa Galich mwana wina akuwonekera m'matolankhani. Anabereka dzina la Gorky Sophia Mikhnova-Voitenko. Mnyamatayo adatchedwa Gisha ndikulemba dzina la amayi.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo zinali zovuta ku Alexander Galich. Kugwetsa ufulu wake monga wolemba ndi wojambula wa nyimbo, kuwongolera njira yopitilira ntchito, olamulira aboma adapereka kuti awonetsetse kuti mu 1974 bambo unasamukira ku Ussr.
Komanso, mitundu iwiri ya momwe anachitira izi m'magawo a zaka zija. Ena amati mu visa ya Israeli, ndipo ena amati kusamukira kudziko la ku Norway ku Norway. Miyezi 4 zitatha izi, ntchito zonse za Alexaderich Arkadyevich - mabuku, nyimbo, ndakatulo ndi ma sess - oletsa usssr ndikuchotsa munthu wokhala nzika.
Kusiya Soviet Union, Alexander Akhdadyevich ku Norway. Kumeneko, amatulutsa mbiri yake yoyamba ya vinyl "(" kung'ung'udza ") ndi mapangidwe 12. Pachikuto cha mbiriyo adayika chithunzi cha wolemba ndi gitala m'manja mwake. Pambuyo pake, Galich akusunthira Munich, kenako, kale kuti mukhale osakhazikika, amasankha Paris.
Imfa
Nditasamukira kudziko lina, Alesandro amapezeka moyo limodzi ndi mkazi wake. Komabe, idyll yawo m'malo atsopano adatenga nthawi yayitali. Tsoka lomwe lidachitika ndi wolemba ndakatulo mwachionekere lidakonzedwa.
Tsiku limodzi, mkazi wa Galich adapita kumalo ogulitsira, ndipo bamboyo nthawi imeneyo adaganiza zoti alumikizane ndi antenna ku TV. Chifukwa cha kudandaula, mwamunayo adamwalira pa Disembala 15, 1977. Choyambitsa Imfa chinali chotupa chamagetsi, chomwe GALIch idalandira chifukwa cha kusamalira zamagetsi.
Mkazi wake atamupeza m'nyumba, anali ndi moyo, koma popeza madotolo amapita kumalo a tsoka kwa nthawi yayitali, Alexander sakanatha kusunga. Kwa nthawi yayitali panali mphekesera zomwe wolemba ndakatuloyo adamwalira mwamwayi, ndipo kupha kwake kunakonzedwatu ndikukonzekera. Komabe, mtundu uwu sunapeze umboni, ndipo aliyense amene anali pamtunda wagali wa Falily amalengezanso ngozi.
Maliro a Alexander arkadyevich adamwalira masiku 7 atamwalira. Manda a ndakatulo ali ku Paris, m'manda a Russia.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chiletso pa kutulutsidwa kwa mabuku ndi nyimbo za wolemba ndakatulo zidachotsedwa mu 1980. Zikuwoneka kuti, kuvomereza talente ya Alexander AkhADYEEvich, mu 1993 olamulira adzikoli adaganiza zobwezera nzika.
Kudegeza
- 1968 - "Novosibirsk 1968"
- 1972 - "Alexander Galich"
- 1967-1976 - "Ndikabweranso"
- 1974 - "Fufulirani Lopukutira"
- 1975 - "Galili mu Israyeli"
- 1990 - "Wotchi usiku"
- 1994 - "kukumbukira"
Kafukufuku
- 1951 - "M'malire"
- 1953-1954 - "Pa raft"
- 1960 - "Kukwera" katatu "
- 1964 - "Mgwirizano wa boma"
- 1964 - "Mzinda wabwino"
- 1965 - "Ubwana Wachitatu"
- 1967 - "Kuthamanga pamafunde"
- 1970 - "Taigy amakupangitsani"
- 1976 - "Ndikabweranso"