Ivan Efremov - Biography, Zithunzi, Moyo Wanu, Mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Ivan Efremov ndi chonyamula chidziwitso cha encyclopedic, chomwe adapeza kuti chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika modabwitsa komanso mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri yakale komanso zodabwitsa. Mabuku ake ali pamzere umodzi ndi ntchito za Isaki Azimov, Herbert Welx ndi Stanislav Lem. Bizinesi yasayansi ndi wolemba sasangalala kwambiri kuposa momwe amaphunzirira.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Abambo a Antipan Elfremova, kuchokera kwa osokoneza bongo, adapereka kwa ochita malonda, adatenga udindo wa mlangizi wa tchalitchi. Zitasintha mu 1917 ndi kusudzulana kwa makolo, wolemba mtsogolo adasintha dzina lapakati ndikukhala Ivan Antonovich, kuti asamakope chidwi cha gulu lolemera.

Amayi a Barbara Alexandrovna adachita nawo ana, nthawi zambiri amalipira chivundikiro chochepa kwambiri. M'bale anali wopweteka, ndipo banjali mu 1914 inasamukira ku Ukraine Bersansk. Pamenepo Ivan anapita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndi kuyamba kwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, Efremov adafika kutsogolo, adalandira choponderezana ndikuwagwiritsanso ntchito kwakanthawi. Kugwedezeka, kusunthidwa ku Petrograd, kunagwira ntchito ngati wolemera, woyendetsa, anamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu. Mu nthawi yake yaulere, ndidawerenga, kuwonjezera pa zopeka, mabuku pa biology, zoology komanso malingaliro a chisinthiko. Ataphunzira kunyanjayi, Ivan adanyamulidwa ku Towankk Nyanja, ndipo pobwerera kwawo adayamba kuyunivesite, pa Dipatimenti Yodziwika.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, Efremov adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi neology, adaponya yunivesite ndipo adawerengera ku Inskutu. Maulendo ofufuza ayendayenda ural ndi Mongolia, Central Asia ndi Siberia. Mu 1935, digiri yoyesedwa ya sayansi yachilengedwe idapatsidwa kuphatikiza ntchito pa Paleontology. Nkhondo isanachitike, wolembayo adateteza makonda ake.

Malembo

Alexey Tolstoy adayankha za mtundu wa efremova ngati ozizira kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo. Ivan adanena pokambirana kuti "chilankhulo cha chilankhulo sichinakulidwe ku ndakatulo," ndipo chifukwa chogwira ntchito yayitali, kuthana ndi zovuta komanso zomwe zidasungidwa ana. Ndipo itchuleni iyo molondola, osati sayansi.

Ivan adapempha kulembedwa kwa buku la Kazakhstan. Matenda ndi Typhoid, Efremov adayamba kukhala wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kukagona ndikuyamba kulemba nkhani ndi nkhani. Pakadali pano, "zomaliza zomaliza" ndi "zombo za nyenyezi", njira zolambirira zakale "ndi" zomwe agwidwa ndi zikuluzikulu "," nyanja yamapiri ya utawaleza "ndi" Bay of Jets "ndi" Bay of Jets "ndi" Bay of Jets "ndi" Bay of Jets "ndi" Bay

Mu "Ellinsky" zinali za chinthu choterocho monga ma gey. Mu "msonkhano woposa Spadoi" wolemba ananena pavuto la kuchuluka kwa madzi akuya pansi. "Olg-Khorha" amadzipereka kuti afufuze chimphona chachikulu champhamvu chakuya cha Mongolia. "Mphaka wa thambo", malinga ndi efremov, adathandizira kupulumutsidwa kwa bwato loyambira legender kuchokera ku zobzala. Atafalitsa nkhani ku England, sitimayo idasamutsidwa ku gulu la Museum, lomwe wolemba adadziwitsidwa ndi owerenga a Britain.

Wolemba, yemwe anali ndi nzeru zogwirizana ndi sayansi, anali wonyada - zochitika zomwe zidanenedwazo zidapeza mawonekedwe enieni. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, mafayilo a Mercury ndi Cave okhala ndi zojambula zakale anthu, machubu a kimberlite ku Yakotia ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka makristali amadzimadzi omwe amapezeka. Zida Zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimatha kufufuza zam'madzi ndi zoponda bwino mmenemo, monga mu "fakopo chiloro". Ndi masitima apamtunda wa 300 km / h ndi tsiku lililonse phenomenon konse.

Chiwembu cha "mithunzi yam'mbuyomu" idapangidwa ndi malingaliro a Ivan poyerekeza momwe zochitika zam'mbuyomu zimawonekera m'miyala inayake. Pambuyo pa zaka 3, Nobel Laureure Gabar Gabar wamkulu kwambiri pazomwe HOGragraphic.

Zithunzi zabwino kwambiri "Zithunzi Zisanu" za Efremov analemba mothandizidwa ndi ojambula a Andrei Sokolov, mbuye wa mitu yamayiko popaka utoto. Kutengera kalulu wake "wokweza ku COSMOS" Artur Clark, The Boys "Fonts ya Montans" idapangidwa ndi Arthur Claki.

Pa nkhani ya "mtima wa njoka" Ivan adakumbukira ngati zinthu zolakwa. Buku Loyamba silinadutse okweza oyenera ndipo anakhumudwitsa kwambiri kuchokera ku gawo la owerenga, kupulumutsa mu chemistry ndi anatomy. Wosavuta "m'mphepete mwa makunsi" kumizidwa mwatsatanetsatane wa akapolo ku Era ku Egypt ndi Greece wakale.

Efremov sanawone tsogolo la anthu popanda kulumikizana ndi zitukuko zina, popanda kunena kuti lakuya kwakunja. Popita kuchipululu, wasayansi wa Gobi anakumbukira lingaliro la bukuli "Timbal Andromeda". Bukuli lili ndi umboni wofotokozedwa bwino zomwe ana a nthano za sayansi ndi: Zotsatira za kuzunzidwa ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi zinthu zopanda ntchito zouluka, zinthu zapamwamba komanso zakudya zopangidwa mwamphamvu.

Ng'ombe ya Roman ", yoperekedwa kwa mkazi wa Taisiya - fanizo lanzeru la katalitimism ndi yoopsa. Monga ngwazi zakunja kwanthawiyo, otchulidwa kuchokera ku "Timebal Andromeda" atchulidwa. Ntchitoyi yasayansiyo adafuna kutsutsana ndi anzawo omwe amawona moyo ngati njira yakufa, komwe munthu adadzipereka pansi pa chibadwa ndi chikondwerero cha chinyamacho chidakanidwa.

Efremov adakhulupirira kuti munthu, ngati cholengedwa choganiza komanso chopatsa chikumbumtima, osati kokha, ndipo osati kokha, okhoza kuwoloka gawo la chitukuko cha chitukuko. Ndipo mtsogolomo, chitukuko chapadziko lapansi chidzaikidwa pagulu la anthu ndi chikhalidwe choyambirira.

Vutoli lotsiriza la Ivan Evan linali na nkhani ya Hennian Heter of Thais, mnzake wa ku Alexander ndi King Egypt Ptolemy. Izi zopeka za nthawi ino njira zimayendera mbiri yakale. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, bukuli linakhala nyimbo yachikondi, kukongola, malingaliro ndi kukhulupirika. Buku "Tais Atene" adabwera pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa wolemba.

Moyo Wanu

Mkazi woyamba wa Ivan Efremova adakhala woimira wasayansi ya sayansi. Ksea ndi mwana wamkazi wa Pulofesa Geology, Ophunzila a Nikolai Svitalky, wofufuza za ma denti osungirako mankitogatorski otchuka omwe amamangidwa. Chifukwa chake, adanenanso kuti ndi ukwatiwu wolemba yemwe adayesetsa kusiya ntchito. Ngwazi ya buku "ludzu" SIMEGIEN yalembedwa ndi Ksenia. Kunalibe ana m'banjamo.

Kusuntha paleozoogic Institute, pomwe wasayansi adagwira ntchito, kuchokera ku Leningrad kupita ku Moscow adafotokozedwa ndikusintha m'moyo wamunthu. Mu likulu la Efremov lidakhala kale ndi mkazi wachiwiri wa Elena Kolukova. Posakhalitsa Mwana wa Allan anabadwa. Dzinalo la mwanayo linasankha Atate wake kulemekeza umunthuwo kuchokera mu buku "chisamaliro cha Mfumu Solomo" ya wolemba Britain Henry Hagard. Allan adapita kumapazi a abambo - adayamba kukonda roogy.

Elena anamwalira mu 1961, patatha chaka chimodzi Ivan anakwatirana ndi Taisiya Yukhonvskaya. Asayansi adakumana ndi mkazi mu 1950, atagwira ntchito ngati wamba ku Institute, kenako adakhala mlembi wa Efremov.

Ngakhale dzina lalikulu, okwatirana ankakhala modzichepetsa. Kuchokera pa nkhaniyo "kunkaposa" kunali galimoto chabe yomwe Ivan adagula atalandira mphotho ya Stalin kuti ifufuze za asayansi. Wolemba mpaka masiku otsiriza adakhalabe njonda, omwe adayamba mchipinda cha azimayi omwe adayitanidwapo kale kuyimirira, adaphika malaya ngakhale kwa atsikana.

Imfa

Ivan efremov moyo wakumanzere mu Okutobala 1972, m'maola ochepa izi zisanachitike pa dissertation. Choyambitsa imfa, malinga ndi mayi wamasiye wa Taii, adasokonekera mtima. Thupi la womwalirayo pa tsiku lachiwiri linatenthedwa, ndipo mfundo imeneyi inakayikira kgb.

Patatha mwezi wamaliro, anthu 11 ochokera ku Lubykanskaya sikele adafufuza nyumbayo, kuphatikizapo padenga ndi makhoma a cholembera chachitsulo. Zomwe Efremov amakayikira komanso osadziwika. Koma mpaka 70s, zolembedwa za Ivan sizinafalitsidwe, ndipo dzinalo lina lasayansi lozungulira linatchulidwa mumng'oma - taponomy. Kuchokera ku malaibulari, malinga ndi zifanizo za anthu a nthawi ya anthu a m'nthawi ya Roma, anayesa kuchotsa "ng'ombe yamphongo ya Roma", kufukula pakati pa mizere ya anti-Soviet Propaganda.

Phulusa la Ivan Efremova laikidwa m'manda ku Komarovo, pafupi ndi St. Petersburg. Chitofu chodzaza pamanda, ndipo pa iyo - polydron kuchokera ku mchere wa robradorite wokhala ndi dzina lojambulidwa ndi kufalitsa ndi kufa.

Mawu

"Zosangalatsa ndi nsapato, ndikuwuka zomwe mutha kuwona zina zambiri, iye akhale m'magawo osadziwika bwino, kapena padzakhala fumbi lamoto, kapena sipadzakhala fumbi lamoto." "Nthawi zidzabwera - ndi nthumwi za "ntchito yakuda" zidzatha padziko lapansi, zikusowa bwanji m'dziko lathu la Burlaca, kodi ndi moto wamagazi, ndi zina zambiri, zopindulitsa zakuthupi zidzachitika Mu mphete yotsekedwa yaukadaulo - Mfuti zamakina, maloboti, makina apakompyuta a pakompyuta - ndipo munthuyo amupatsa mphamvu zonse. "

M'bali

• "Katty SArk"
• "Kukumana ndi Bsuskoi"
• "Kuonera Hery-ndi-Cheat"
• "TV Captain Ganeshina"
• "Zombo za Star"
• "Wotsiriza Womaliza"
• "Moto moto"
• "M'mphepete mwa Okomen"
• "Bay of Jetts"
• "Atoll Fakofo"
• "Yurt voron"
• "Lumo"
• "Nerumeda's Nebula"
• "Nthawi ya Bear"
• "Tais Athens"