Chiphunzitso
Denis Fonovizin ndi wolemba waku Russia, womasulira, wofalitsa nkhani komanso wolemba mabuku, mlembi wa Mutu wazokambirana zaku Russia Nikan. Nthawi yomweyo, anakhala Mlengi wa dziko la Nationana Comment, woimira gulu lankhondo la Russia. Zinadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito ya "zotsika mtengo".Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Denis Ivanovich anabadwa ku Moscow mu Epulo 1745 m'banja lakale lakale lakale, lomwe oimira a ku Germany aku Germany, omwe oimira a m'zaka za zana la 1600 adafika kuchokera ku Gergeny kupita ku Russia. Abambo a wolemba mtsogolo adasiya ntchito yankhondo mu udindo waukulu, anali ndi ndalama zochepa. Ngakhale kuti mizu ya ku Germany, kupatula chilankhulo cha Russia, ndili mwana mnyamatayo sanadziwe wina aliyense, chifukwa chake Germany adaphunzira kale kusukulu. Mosiyana ndi olemekezeka ena achi Russia, akufalansa ophunzitsidwa, wamkulu kale.
Banja la banja la banja linalamulira nyumba ya makolo akale, maphunziro oyambirira a Desis adapita kunyumba, monga ana asanu ndi awiri a banjali. Ali ndi zaka 10, adakhala m'modzi woyamba amene adalandira chiphunzitso kupita ku malo abwino masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Moscow University. Nthambi zake zikuwoneka kale.
Ndinaphunzira zaka 5, Denis amalowa mu luso la nzeru za kuyunivesite. Pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake wa Paul, pakati pa ena osewera kwambiri, anyamata amapita ku St. Panthawi imeneyi, adadziwana ndi Mikhal vasalilyovich lomonosov, komanso Alexander Subarokov, yemwe nthawi imeneyo anali mtsogoleri woyamba wa zisudzo zaku Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, paulendowu, Denis adapita ndi zisudzo kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake, komwe adawona kusanja kwa kusewera "Heinrich ndi Pernill".
Pamaphunziro ake, mnyamatayo nthawi zambiri ankamasuliridwa nkhani za Magazini aku University, ndipo kuyambira 1761 anali kuchita izi mwaukadaulo. Mabuku ojambulira ku Moscow adalamulira kuchokera ku Sabanie kupita ku Basinie Holberg, ndipo chaka chotsatira, bambo amamasulira ntchito za Voltaire "Alzira" M'zaka zotsatira za moyo, amayenera kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku olemba osiyanasiyana.
Mofananamo ndi izi, pa 18, mnyamatayo adakonza zothandizira pagulu kutsanzira Catherine, kapena kuti mlembi wa nduna ya nduna ya nduna ya Kelagina. Ndipo patatha zaka 6, zimakhala ngati mlembi wa kuwerengera kwa Pannin, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala trasti.
Malembo
Nthawi yomweyo, monga Fonvizin amamasulira mabuku, ntchito zoyambirira za wolemba zidayamba kuonekera, zomwe zimavala matoni akuthwa. Kale mu 1760, m'modzi wa iwo adamasulidwa. Ndipo zitatha zaka 8, nthabwala za Satirhical zotchedwa "Brigadier" adawonetsedwa ku Khothi La Owerenga.
Seweroli lopangidwa limapangitsa kuti olemba azikhala, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku a wolemba, komanso mbiri, sanadziwike, mwamunayo adayitanitsidwa kwa Peterhof. Amawerenga moni wa Comenty Pressss Catherine II. "Brigadiers" anali atachita bwino kwambiri za thupi, bukuli linapangidwa ndi gawo lomwe silinapite ndi chithunzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pambuyo pake, panali zowerengera zina zomwe zidathandiza wolemba kuti ayandikire mphunzitsi Paul I - kuwerengetsa kwenikweni panin, ndipo kuyambira 1769 wolemba adayamba kumutumikira. Nthawi yomweyo, anapitilizabe kukulitsa maluso ake, nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo amangopanga zaluso zatsopano.
Mu 1777, Denis Ivanovich amapita kudziko lina komanso chaka chotsatira ndi theka amakhala ku France. Mu 1779, kubwerera ku Russia, bambo amakhala mlangizi ku ofesi pachizengere chobisika ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachita nawo matembenuzidwe a buku la "Ta-GIO".
Mu 1778, mutabweranso kuchokera ku France, Finovizin imayamba kugwira ntchito pantchito ya "zotsika mtengo" ndikumaliza kulemba mu 1782. Masiku ano, bukuli likuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya ana asukulu amakono. M'zaka za zana la 18, mawu oti "wotsika mtengo" adatchedwa achinyamata olemekezeka, osaphunzitsidwa. Sanatengedwera ku ntchitoyo ndipo sanapereke chikalata chomwe chimalola ukwati.
Mikhalidwe yayikulu ya bukuli anali kuopa mantha, Akazi a Prostakova, mwana wake wamwamuna-wotsika kwambiri Mitrofawashka. Seweroli linakhala lowongoka pavuto, koma osati chifukwa chotchuka cha bukuli. Ntchitoyi idakondedwa ndi owerenga chifukwa cha zithunzi zowala zosaiwalika, nthabwala zobisika, chiwerewere cha zokambirana zomwe masiku ano zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati Aphorisms.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1783, kutulutsidwa kwa buku la "Kukambitsirana kwa malamulo okhudzana ndi boma" akubwera, ntchitoyi idadziwika kuti ndi imodzi yabwino kwambiri muutongo waku Russia. Cholinga chake chinali kukhala mfumu mtsogolo Pavel Pettrovich.
M'chaka chomwecho, wolembayo asankha kupita paulendo kudutsa ku Europe, koma patatha zaka ziwiri amachitika munthu woyamba kupha, ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri, munthu abwerera kwawo. Ngakhale kuti ziwalo zolumala, kusiya ntchitoyi, mwamunayo amagwira ntchito mokwanira pantchito yomwe amakonda. Koma ntchito zomaliza za zaka 5 zolandidwa ndi Catherine II, zomwe zimaletsa Fonononovovin kuti alengezera buku.
Munthawi yake yomaliza ya moyo, munthu analemba nkhani ya magaziniyi. Komanso, zomwe Baibo yake idasindikizidwa ndi ntchito zingapo zowonjezera, zomwe zokambirana za Mfumu anali ", kusankha" posankha Gooverber ", kusindikizidwa mu 1959, ndi autobigraphy".
Chosangalatsa chochokera ku Binis Ivanovich ndikuti pansi pa moyo wa munthu wowoneka ngati fart. Anatsatira bwino maonekedwe, nsapato zomwe amakonda ndi ma burdles akulu, amavala zowonjezera kuchokera ku chingacho ndikukongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa okhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi maluwa.
Moyo Wanu
Nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi moyo wamunthu wotchuka yemwe iyenso adawona kuti ndi wofunika kulinganiza ntchito yautomographical. Mwa "kuzindikira kwathunthu", kumafotokozedwa ngati chovuta cha Fionvizin, kukhala wachinyamata wazaka 23, kunakondana ndi ophika Anna. Monga momwe adanenera m'bukuli, mayiyo adalamba malingaliro, adakhudza mtima wa munthuyu ndi zabwino zake ndipo kufikira wolemba ndakatulo sanatuluke m'malingaliro Ake.
Mkaziyo adawerengedwa, anzeru, amakonda mabuku ndikuyimba bwino. Ngakhale mikhalidwe yonse yamkati, sinasiyane ndi kukongola, koma sizinadere nkhawa zafonzin, chifukwa iye analinso ndi mawonekedwe wamba, chifukwa chowonekera ndi zolemba za wolemba. Anaperekanso matembenuzidwe amodzi a mkazi uyu polemba pakudzipereka:
"Ndiwe m'modzi wa chilengedwe chonse".Anna adayankha Denis Ivanovich Kubwezeretsa, koma sakanatha kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa malingaliro, popeza anali okwatirana, lingaliro la ntchito silinalole kulakwitsa. Fonvizin adakakamizidwa kuti avomereze kuti sangakonde mkazi wake wokondedwa.
Wolemba adakwatirana kanthawi pang'ono. Ndili ndi mkazi wamtsogolo, ndinakumana ndi ntchitoyi pomwe, chifukwa cha ufumuwo, munthu amene anachititsa mkazi wamasiye, munthu amene anapha mkazi wamasiyeyo anamupanga dzina lake.
Pakugwira ntchito, a Fonvizin amayenera kulumikizana kwambiri ndi Katerina Slamed, ndipo mayiyo anayamba kukumbukira popanda kukumbukira, zomwe zinali zowonekera kwa ena. Pa msonkhano womaliza wa khothi, bambo ananenetsa kuti amateteza mbuye wake, ndipo poyankha Fonovin ananena kuti adakwatirana naye, ndipo anali atamuletsa lonjezolo.
Kunalibe ana ochokera ku phonchon, koma wolembayo wapeza mnzake wodalirika, wothandizira komanso kuthandiza pamaso pa munthu wopanda ntchito ku Shaterina. Pamene denis Ivanovich adasweka poly, adalephera kulankhula ndipo sakanatha kuyilamulira m'manja, mnzake wokhulupirika anali ngati nannik. Kenako mwamunayo anali ndi zaka zopitilira 40, ndipo Katerina adatha kutuluka. Koma patatha zaka zingapo, ziwalo zimagwiranso thupi la mwamunayo, koma sanasiye kulemba mpaka tsiku lomaliza. Ndipo mkazi wake anali pafupi ndi mkazi wake nthawi yonseyi, anathandizidwa ndi kusamalira Denis Ivanovich.
Imfa
M'zaka zotsiriza za moyo, Fononovin adadzivulaza, munthu wina atangoyamba kusuntha, ndi zovuta, koma sizinasiye kugwira ntchito.
Imfa ya Ivanovich Ivanovich idabwera kumapeto kwa 1792 ku St. Petersburg, bamboyo adaikidwa m'manda a Lazarevia a Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Pokumbukira zazikulu, misewu yomwe ili m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia imatchedwa Denvizin ponvizin, ndipo mu 2016, malo atsopano adatsegulidwa mu station ya Moscow Metro - Fonvizinskaya. Ku Veliky Novgorod, munthu alipo m'gulu la olemba nkhani "ndi ojambula" pa chipilala "zaka za Russia".
M'bali
- 1768 - "Brigadier"
- 1780 - "Stusphen"
- 1782 - "Nepal"
- 1783 - "Mkangano wa malamulo osokoneza bongo"
- 1783 - "Kusimba kwa osamva komanso osayankhula"
- 1786 - "Gragar Court Callamar"
- 1786 - "Moyo wowerengera Nikita Ivanovich Pan"
- 1788 - "Kuvomerezedwa kwa Amalume a Mdzukulu wake"
- 1791 - "Chizindikiritso chambiri pazinthu zanga ndi malingaliro"