Chiphunzitso
Duke Wilhelm ndidalemba nkhaniyi ngati Mgonjetsi wa England, woyambitsa mafumu a mafumu. Pakati pa XI zaka za XI, adagwirizana pansi pa zoyambira zake zogawanika, kufooka ndi gawo lowongoka lamkati, ndikupanga mphamvu yapakati. Nthawi ya Wilhelm I Mgonjetsi wakhala nthawi yopita ku England yambiri komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, mawu omwe abwera ku mbiri yamakono.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wilhelm adabadwira mumzinda wa Falean ku Faleza mu gawo lachitatu la XI. Olemba mbiri yakale amatcha masiku atatu omwe adabadwa, 1027, zaka 1028 kapena 1029 kapena zaka 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029 kapena zaka 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029 kapena 1029.
Bambo wa mnyamatayo ndi Robert II Wokongola pa Nicknd Wodzitcha Mdyerekezi, wolamulira wa Normandy, boma lomwe lidapangidwa ndi Vikings mu North-West of France. Mayi Getleva - chiyambi chopanda tanthauzo. Pali zambiri zomwe abambo ake, wokhala ku Faleza, anali zikopa zolemera-zachikopa.
Pali nthano yokongola yokhudza msonkhano wa makolo a Wilhelm. Akuti Robert ii adakumana ndi mtsikanayo pamtsinje, akubwerera ku kusaka. Kulimbana kwa kukongola kwake, Duke adatenga "mgodi" kwa Iye yekha ku Stalez Castle. Posakhalitsa Gerlin adabereka mwana wake wamwamuna, koma ukwati wapakati pa okonda kuchitika sanachitike, motero mnyamatayo amadziwika kuti wapapita. Amatchedwa - Wilhelm Bastard.
Komabe, Robert adazindikira mwana wake wamwamuna. Izi zikuonekeratu kuti, akupita ku ulendo wa ku Yerusalemu mu 1034, Duke adalengeza za Wilhelm kukalandira wolowa m'malo mwake. Kupatula apo, pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Robert mu 1035, wolowa m'malo anali wolepheretsa njira ya okakamizidwa.
Kuchokera paimfa yokhulupirika adasunga mfundo yoti pakati pakubwezeredwa sinakhale ndi mkhalidwe woyenera ku Mpandowachifumu, womwe ungavomereze ambiri ambiri. Izi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi archbishop Roun Robert, yemwe anali mlangizi woyamba wa Duke wakufa. Kukhala ndi kulumikizana ku Brance ku France, adakwaniritsa kuti Mfumu Heinlich izindikira yachichepere ya Wilhelm ndipo potero anali atateteza kubwezeretsa mtsogolo.
Komabe, pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Archbishop woyang'anira Juke a Souke, choopsa china kupachikanso. Pakati pa abale a Wilhelm adayamba nkhondoyi yokhudza wolowa m'malo. Mmodzi mwa amene anapha woyang'anira. Moyo wa mwana wachichepere unali wowopsa. Amadziwika kuti amalume a mayi ake amadziwika kuti mwana wa mchimwene wakeyo, akubisala m'madzi aumphawi.
Nkhondo ndi zochitika wamba
Mu 1042 kokha, kukhala anyamata achichepere wazaka 15, mothandizidwa ndi woyang'anira Heinrich I, Wilhelm adayamba kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zaboma. Poyamba, mosamala, podalira kuchirikiza kuchirikiza, kenako odzipereka onsewo adatenga ku Branza wa bolodi m'manja. Khalidwe lake, louma mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi mphamvu, kunyozedwa pa chiyambi choyambirira, kusandulika kwa okondedwa, kunayamba kulimba.
Izi zikuonekera ndi momwe amachitira ndi opandukawo, adapanga chizolowezi chotsutsana naye mu 1044-1046. Mutu wa Hearthgin in Gi Burgundy, mnzake wa ubwana, yemwe amafuna kuti agwire mphamvu mu Duchy. Ndipo akanakwanitsa, ngati sanali thandizo lotsatira kuchokera ku Heinrich I. Kuyesetsa kwa Ankhondo achi French ndi Norman kunaswa opandukawo.
Manyazi omwewa analimbitsa mphamvu ya achichepere a duke a duke, ngakhale madera akutali amalumbira. Wilhelt adasankha kubetcha - mzinda wa Kan, yemwe adayamba kukula ndikukula. Komabe, kukwera kwa bastard kudakali oyimitsidwa ndi olamulira ena.
Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa 1050s, chipolopolo china chinapsa mtima pa boma latsopanoli. Pakadali pano mutu wa kupandukayo anali mtsogoleri wa achichepere Doke Cour Count Arkese Wilhelm de Talongo ndi Mbale Mozhel, Robishop Roen. Adakonzeka kumbali yawo ya Heinrich ine, yemwe sanasangalale ndi mfundo yoti chiwonetsero cha chiwonetserochi ndi chololera kotero chimalimbitsa maudindo ake, ndiye mdani wa Norman.
Mukukangana, Heinrich adataya gawo lalikulu lankhondo ndipo adasankha kubwezedwa. Kenako linga lidagwa ndi linga, Ran Wilhelm de Talu, kusiya mwana wa mchimwene wake. Panalibe kupanduka kwakukulu kwa duchy. Wilhelm adakwanitsa kulimbikitsa Boma, ndipo mpaka 1060s, iye amatenga nawo gawo mu zombo zokhala ndi French - Heinrich I ndi Joffroa marofela, owerengedwa motsutsana ndi mphamvu yakuwonjezeka kwa Norman.
Asities analanda maumboni kawiri ku Normandy mu 1054 ndi 1058, koma nthawi iliyonse idagonjetsedwa. Imfa ya Heinrich i ndi Joffroi Mardella mu 1060, ziphuphu zidayimilira.
Mu 1066, mfumu ya ku England Eduranda idamwalira. Mfumuyu adagwirizanitsidwa ndi Wilhelm sindikhala magwiritsidwe aubwenzi, komanso maubale m'magazi. Wolamulira wa Norman adawerengera zidzukulu za amayi Eduard. Pabwalo la Normandy, womaliza wopitilira zaka 25, pomwe ankakonda kupita ku Wilhelm ngati mwana wachikhalidwe ndipo sanamudziwe mpando wachifumu, chifukwa analibe olowa m'malo.
Komabe, pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mfumu, Briteni anasankha mfumu ya Anglo-Saxon Aristocrat Harold Goorvinson Aristiard. Ataphunzira za izi, Wilhelm anakwiya. Anakana kuzindikira bolodi la Harold ndipo anayamba kusonkhana mwa asirikali ku England. Duke adakopa mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo otsogola ku Flanders ndi France adawonjezedwa. Koma mbuzi yayikulu ya mbuli inali thandizo la Vatican.
Kuti mumvetsetse, Normandz adapereka umboni wa chinyengo cha Harold's, adati asanamwalire, adatumiza Govindon kupita ku England kuti alumbire mfumu yatsopano ya England, ndiye kuti, Wilhelm. Harold adachita izi, ndikulumbira zoyera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma Wilhelm, koma lumbiro lidasweka ndikupempha Mpando Woyera.
Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu birdan yodziwika bwino ya Mmarman "Atsogoleri a Hhelhe, olembedwa ndi olemba mbiri, ndipo, monga mwa olemba mbiri," adzavala "zokulirapo, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala amaganiziridwa motsimikiza.
Koma m'zaka za zana la XI, palibe amene anayamba kumvetsetsa komwe chowonadi, ndipo bodza lili kuti. Kuphatikiza apo, papa anali wopindulitsa kuyimirira kumbali ya Wilhelm, yemwe analonjeza kuti asuntha bishonda. Zotsatira zake, mu Ogasiti 1066, ntchito yaukapolo ndi gulu lankhondo la anthu pafupifupi 7,000. Atadutsa pamanja a asitikali, asitikaliwo atapita ku tawuniyi amatchedwa zodandaula, kumwera kwa London.
Kuno pa Okutobala 14, 1066, nkhondo yosangalatsa idachitika, yomwe idasintha maphunziro a Chingerezi. Gulu lankhondo la Harold linagonjetsedwa, ndipo anadzipha. Kupambana pankhondo ya madandaulo adatsegula Wilhelm Kufikira kwa Chinjoka cha Chingerezi. Ndipo ngakhale makhali a arrosak aliyense payekhapaake alipobe kukana kwa Norken Duke, zomwe amachita sizingathenso chilichonse.
Pa Disembala 25, 1066, kuwongolera kwa Wilhelm kunachitika ngati wolamulira wa England. Kutumiza boma, Normandac adayamba kumanga nyumba - nsanja ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa ndondomeko. Nsanamba zazitali tsopano zakhalapo zokhazokha, dziko lapansi kuchokera ku Anglo -Kanachita zachiwerewere zomwe amachita nawo nkhondo yomwe idachitika ndikupatsa opambana.
Ngakhale kuti Britain adayesa kupanduka, kenako adawalira pamenepo, omwe mfumu yatsopanoyo idaponderezedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, Norman amatengedwa kuti afotokozere gawo - madera a opishoni opandukawo adathetsa, amapanga magulu atsopano, akuyambitsa kulimbikitsa, ndikuyesera, kukulira umwini watsopano.
Podzafika pa 1075, kupondereza otchedwa "kupanduka kwa zotchedwa" kupanduka kwa zinthu zitatu ", Wilhelm kunakwaniritsa chizindikiritso chomaliza. Koma pofika nthawi imeneyi mavuto ayamba ku Normandy. France Ndinakhala mfumu yofinya ndinayamba kuwonetsa ma antinormandandic mavuto. Ndipo mu 1078, ngakhale mwana wake wamwamuna Robert Kurts, yemwe amafuna kukhala pampando wachifumu ku Normandy motsutsana ndi Wilhelm. Ndinkathandiza kwambiri wopandukayo, koma Wilhelm anasilira zigawengazo, Robert anathawira kwa ma flanders.
Kubwerera ku England, King Wilhelm amatengedwa kuti asinthane ndi boma. Anavomereza kulipira msonkho ndi malo aliwonse a dziko lililonse kwa ma sabon ndi Norman. Ndipo kukhala ndi chidaliro potsatira kulipira, adalamulira mndandanda wofunikira, fotokozerani mndandanda wa dziko la Ufumu ndi eni ake. Owerengera anachititsa zaka 6, kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zomwe zimatchedwa "Buku la Khothi Lotsiriza". Saksa adayitanitsa ndi fanizo lokhala ndi chotengera, pomwe munthu awonetsa mndandanda wazomwe amachita.
Wilhelm adakwaniritsa zisankho zingapo mu gawo la uzimu, kuwonjezera kudalira kwa Mfumu: adayamba kuwongolera malo a mabishopu ndi mabbots, adalamulira kuti zolemba za papa sizichita popanda chilolezo cha mfumu, mosamalitsa Mpingo ndi ukulu wadziko. Chilankhulo chovomerezeka chidakhala chilankhulo cha ku French. Izi ndi magawo ena adatsogolera kuwonekera kwa mphamvu yayikulu ku England. Ndiwo kagulu kazandale zomwe zidzakhala maziko a Chingerezi cha Chingerezi.
Moyo Wanu
Mosiyana ndi bambo Wilhelm i, wogonjetsayo sanali metropolitan komanso moyo womwe umawoneka kuti ndi chifukwa chongowona zandale. Mu 1053 (pazinthu zina - mu 1056), nthabwala, ngakhale zitakhala zoletsedwa kwa tchalitchi, mwana wamkazi wa matilde adatsata malingaliro okhudza chingerezi, chifukwa matilda anali mbadwa ya Mfumu yoyamba ku England idakula kwambiri.
Ukwati walonjeza chiyembekezo chabwino. Anawo anabadwa mu mgwirizano uno: 6 Ana aakazi ndi ana amuna 4 - Robert (Nickan Reget), Richard, Wilhellard, Wilhellar II Boklerk. Moyo wake wonse ukudwala matenda a Bastirda, Wilhella muukwati amadziwika ndi kukhulupirika, kumasulidwa ndi kuphikisana.
Poyerekeza ndi chithunzi cha mfumu, iyi ndi munthu wokhala ndi boma (kutalika 178 cm) ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuvutika kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Imfa
Kususuka chifukwa cha kufinya kwathunthu ndikupangitsa kuti imfa ya mfumu. Kumapeto kwa 1086, anapita kwa Normandy chifukwa cha kusamvana kopanda dziko lapansi, yemwe anayamba kuwononga katundu wa Wilhelm. Powononga mzinda waku France wachabe, mfumu inali kuyendetsa misewu yake yotsetsereka. Mwadzidzidzi, kavalo anadza pa makala oyaka ndipo anawombera milu. Wilhelm yopanda pake sinathe kukana pachishalo ndipo kugwa kunawonongeka m'mimba.
Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, wolamulira wochitidwa mwa kuzunzidwa, magazi otaya mabala am'madzi ndipo anali kudwala kwambiri. Pa Seputembara 9, 1087, Wilhelm adamwalira ku Saintettery Wanch, pafupi ndi Rouen, kupulumuka mkazi wa Matilda kwa zaka 4. Asanamwalire, mfumuyo inasonkhanitsa mpando wachifumu wa England kwa mwana wachiwiri wa Wilhelm, ndipo Roberta adapereka mphamvu ku Normandy.
Chipilala ku Wilhelm ndili ku French Falez. Mabuku ambiri amalembedwa za nthawi ya bolodi, mafilimu ndi ma seribowo adawomberedwa.