Chiphunzitso
Jean-Batista Lakoma ndi ulemu wa Mlengi wa gulu ndi mbewu. Adapanga asayansi akulu, koma amakhala moyo wamoyo, kulimbana kwathunthu ndi kuvutika. Malinga ndi kazembe waboma, wasayansi adamwalira, chifukwa cha chisoni komanso umphawi, ndipo zidatenga nthawi yambiri kuti mbadwa zake zithetse zomwe adakwaniritsa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Jean-Basteice de de Moona, Cheveré de Lamarc, adabadwira m'tauni ya Balhen-le-petit pa Ogasiti 1, 1744. M'banjamo anali womaliza wa ana 11.
Makolo, ngakhale anali a ulemu, anali osauka ndipo sanathe kuthandiza mwana wawo wamwamuna kuti apange ntchito yankhondo, yomwe amalota. M'malo mwake, adatumiza Jean kusukulu ya aJesuits ku Amieni, atatha kuti athe kupeza San wauzimu.
Mu 1760, bambo a bambo a Lamano anamwalira, ndipo mnyamata wazaka 16, ndikutaya mabuku azachipembedzo, adasaina gulu lankhondo. Zaka 7 zobwerazi za moyo womwe adakhalapo m'magulu omwe adalipo ndikupeza mkulu wa afinya, wosiyanitsidwa kunkhondo ndi Britain mchaka cha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Sayansi
Chidwi chenicheni chachilengedwe chinadzuka mtsogolo zaka 25 zokha. Gulu lake lidakhala nthawi yayitali ku Riviera, a Jean-Jean adadzipereka nthawi yake yonse yaulere pophunzira mbewu ndipo adapeza chidwi kwambiri. Posakhalitsa anayenera kusiya gulu laumoyo - pomenya nkhondo ya Lamarck adavulala kwambiri pakhotakhola. Kusunga kwa asitikali kunali kocheperako, ndikukonza zochitika zachuma, amayenera kupeza wogwira ntchito m'boma.
Chosangalatsa chenicheni - mnyamatayo anali woyimba waluso ndipo sanazengereze, zomwe zimapitilira - kulenga kapena zasayansi. Kukonda kwa nyama zakuthengo kunapanikiza, ndipo patapita nthawi, Lamarck adalandira malo antchito ku Royal, komwe adatenga zotola zophika ndi zomera ndi ma invergerates.
Pambuyo pazaka 9, pamaziko a msonkhano uno, Lamarck adalemba buku. Ntchito ya Flora France, yomwe inaphatikizapo mavoliyumu onse atatu, mwachangu idamubweretsera mbiri ku dziko lakwawo - nthawi imeneyo pomera. Asayansi adazindikira kufunika kwa mayiko a larmaca (inali ndi malingaliro atsopano ndi mfundo zatsopano za staps) ndikumupatsa membala wa French Academy.
Zaka ziwiri zotsatira, wofufuzayo anacheka paulendo waku Europe. Munthawi imeneyi, adayendera mabungwe ambiri ophunzitsa komanso minda yazomweza ndikubwezeretsanso msonkhano wawo wokhala ndi zitsanzo zambiri zatsopano. Mpaka 1789, lamba litakhala malowa osamalira achifumu Hermarium, koma ntchito yopambana ya Statu idasokoneza kusinthika. Pamene chilengedwe cha sayansi chilengedwe chimasiya kukhalako, Lamarc, lodabwitsa ndi tsoka la ziwonetsero, adalankhula pamsonkhano wa dziko ndikudzipereka kuti akhazikitse nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
Panthawiyo, ziwonetserozi sizinali zachilendo kusinthidwe, koma kusokonekera kwa mchere, mbewu ndi nyama zopangidwa sizinafanane ndi wasayansi. Lamarc adafuna kugawanitsa zinthu m'magulu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo maudindo obadwira ndi abale. Kuyang'anira boma komanso dongosolo lokhazikika la malo awo liyenera kupatsidwa mwayi wogwira ntchito.
Malingaliro ovomerezeka, ndipo mu 1793 bungwe la National Museum of Christian Mbiri yachilengedwe idasandutsa zitseko za alendo. A Jean-Couttist Lamark adatenga malo ocheperako osowa a Hartede Hall, kuyikapo zinthu zabwino kwambiri zopereka. Panthawiyo, anagwiritsa ntchito njira yotanthauzira ya botanical - kuyambira 1781 mpaka 1800 5 matebulo ndipo matebulo 900 adatuluka.
Botany anali kutali ndi chikondi cha Lamarck. Panthawiyo, akatswiri ocheperako sanalankhulidwe pakati pa asayansi, ndipo anthu a m'masiku ake amakhulupirira kuti munthu wa sayansi ayenera kudziwa kuti munthu wa sayansi ayenera kudziwa zambiri m'minda yosiyanasiyana. A Jean-kusonkhanitsidwa kwambiri mankhwala (ndipo ngakhale analandira maphunziro oyenera), zoology, jiology ndi fiziki.
Kuyerekeza mfundo zomwe talandira, adapeza kuti pali chipolopolo cha Holhuni padziko lonse lapansi - chilengedwe. Limodzi la mawu, komabe, lidayambitsidwa zaka zana pambuyo pake ndi katswiri wazakanema wa ku Austria Zyus, koma ntchito za lamba zidazidzoza ndi iye.
Ntchito yodziwika bwino "filosophy ya zoology" idatuluka mu 1809. Mmenemo, wofufuzayo adangofotokoza malingaliro ake okhudza utsogoleri, ubale wokhala ndi moyo, komanso wopanda moyo kunja, komanso pazinthu zakunja komanso zamkati zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zidakhudza chisinthiko. Adakweza maulendo achilengedwe kuti athe kuyandikira, kukangana kuti zolengedwa zinayamba kukula ndikupanga mphamvu ina yamkati.
Lammerk ndi lingaliro logawanitsa nyama pa ma vertebrates ndi ma invertegerates, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku biology mpaka lero (mwa njira, mawu oti "biology" ndiye adandiuza kuti). Kutulutsidwa kwa "nzeru" iye, pakuphunzira kwa zolengedwa zosavuta kwambiri, ndipo kuyambira 1801 mpaka 1822 adalemba za anthu pafupifupi 7 onena za iwo.
Sayansi yasayansi ya Lakida inali yayikulu. Chopereka chake ndi sayansi sichimangokhala pantchito pa biology - Wasayansi ndi wa ntchito pa Meteoriogy, hydrology ndi rombo, koma chinthu chachikulu - adasiyanitse nthawi yopanga moyo.
Ngakhale kuti oona owona a Lamarc sanatsegule (iye amakhulupirira kuti kuyeserera kwamkati kwa kudzitukumula), popita nthawi, kayendedwe ka A Darwism adawunikiranso Pambuyo pake.
Lamarc anali ndi otsutsa ambiri m'malo asayansi. Makamaka malingaliro ake olimba mtima anali George Kuvier - katswiri wa sayansi, yomwe idagwa ndi ndemanga zankhanza pa buku lililonse komanso ngakhale pasukulu necrologist sinathe kukana ndemanga zakumwamba. Chiphunzitso chake chofanana ndi mtunduwo, kukonzanso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe, adawerengedwa kuti chowonadi, ndipo choyimira chisinthiko chinachitika posachedwa.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa larc wa larc udali m'mavuto ndi kutaya. Mkazi woyamba Marie-Anna-Rosasie adamupatsa chidwi ndi ana atatu - Antoine, Andre ndi Charles amaliza, koma m'mawa adamwalira. Nthawi yachiwiri yomwe anayesa kukonza moyo wamunthu mu 1974. Ana ochokera kwa mkazi watsopano Warlotte adasinthira kuti analibe. Ngakhale kuti wokwatirana naye anali wachichepere 30, anamutsatira m'manda pamaso pa iye, ndi Laarmack kachiwiri.
Mu 1798, a Jean-Battist adakwatira Julie my. Anaika mkazi wachitatu mu 1819. Munthu yekhayo amene adatsalira ndi akatswiri atakhala mwana wake wamkazi kuyambira paukwati womaliza wa Corneya (m'mabuku ena omwe amatchulidwa kuti ana akazi awiri adamsamalira, koma dzina lake ndi m'modzi).
Palibe aliyense wa nthawi ya asukulu yomwe sanasiyire kufotokozera za mawonekedwe a Lamal, sanalongosole za mikhalidwe yake mwatsatanetsatane. Cholowa chasayansi kwambiri cha sayansi tayiwala kale, ndipo ndibwino kuti anyalanyaze. Munjira zambiri, chifukwa cha mpikisano, zochitika zachuma za ku Lamarck zomwe zimatha kumapeto kwa moyo zinali zoipa. Sanapeze kuvomerezedwa ndi chigamulo chapamwamba: Napoleon, yemwe wasayansi adapereka buku lake, motero adasankha kuti asakane misozi.
Imfa
Pazaka zoposa zapitazi, Jean-Basctictionasict Larcbufrafraft adadwala matenda olimbirana ndi matenda a maso, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti khungu. Sanasiye ntchitoyo ndikulamula nkhani zake za mwana wake wamkazi. Buku lake lomaliza linali "machitidwe ake owunikira", momwe Labamari anayesera kuwongolera chilichonse chomwe chimadziwa za nyama zamtchire, ndikuyesera kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la munthu kuzindikira. Tsoka ilo, pa moyo wa wolemba, bukulo silinali lotchuka.
Asayansi anamwalira mu zaka 85. Zifukwa zofa, komanso komwe kumanda, sizikudziwika bwino, koma makalata, koma zinthu ndi mabuku zidatayika. Bambo akuyaka, Kornelia anali pazachuma chodziwika bwino chotere chomwe adafunafuna thandizo ku France Academy.
Mu 1909, zaka zana atamasulidwa kwa "filosophy ya zoology", chipilala cha Lambitso chotseguka ku Paris. Pa bas - mpumulo, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa zikuwonetsedwa - nkhalamba yakhungu, moyo wosweka, umakhala pampando, utaweramitsa mutu wake. Pafupi ndi chithunzi cha mwana wamkazi wokhala ndi icho. Pa zoongoletsani, mawu a Corinearia agogoda:
"Ana adzakusilira, chidzakubwezerani, Atate wanga!".M'bali
- 1776 - "Memoiir za zochitika zoyambira m'mlengalenga"
- 1776 - "Kafukufuku pa zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zofunika kwambiri"
- 1778 - "Flora France"
- 1801 - "dongosolo la Orverdebrates"
- 1802 - "Hydrogelogy"
- 1803 - "Mbiri Yachilengedwe"
- 1809 - "nzeru za zoology"
- 1815-182222222222222222222222222222222222228
- 1820 - "Kusanthula Zochita Zosazindikira Za Anthu"