Chiphunzitso
Robert Koh ndi wofufuza kwambiri, bingu la ntchito yofunika, yomwe ntchito yake yothandizira sayansi ndi ntchito yakhala yofunikira kwa ambiri omwe adamtsata. Paul De Crui adalemba:"Choyamba kwa ofufuza onse, woyamba wa onse amene anakhalako mdziko lapansi, Koh ananena kuti mtundu winawake wa michere umayambitsa matenda ena ndipo baclillos yaying'ono imatha kupha nyama yayikulu kwambiri."Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Bizinesi ya wofufuzayo ikutsimikizira kuti anali wokonda za moyo ndi sayansi kuyambira ali mwana. Koch adabadwa pa Disembala 11, 1843 mu Klaustal Clerfeld Resort, yomwe ili mumtsinje wocheperako. Nyumba yomwe tsogolo lowala limabadwira - tsopano malo osungirako zinthu zakale komanso chidwi cha tawuni ya kuyunivesite. Abambo ake a Hermann adagwira ntchito ngati injiniya wamigodi, anali woti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito migodi. Migodi inali makampani akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa dera.
Amayi a Juliana a ku Juliana adawerengera mwana wamkazi wa Jennover ku ufumu wa Hannover a Andreas Bavend ndipo adabalika kwathunthu ndi banja la Kohov, Robert adakhala wachitatu.
Agogo aamuna a Henry. Munthu wophunzira komanso wogwira ntchito bwino, anali wofooka wosonyeza zachilengedwe, amadziwika kuti amakonda munthu wokonda zokonda. Kuzindikira za mtima wozunzidwa wa mdzukulu, ndinayamba kukonda kwambiri zosangalatsa zanga ndipo ndinakonzanso njira yamtsogolo ya mnyamatayo. Young Koh adafunitsitsa kutolera tizilombo, kusonkhanitsa mosses, kusokonekera ndikusonkhanitsa zoseweretsa.
Kuphunzitsa kwa Robert kunali kosavuta - kunawerengedwa ndi kalata ndikuwerenga asanalowe sukulu ya pulayimale osafika ndi zaka 5. Pambuyo pake adaphunzira ku Clattaustala, komwe amayenera kulandira mutu wa wophunzira wabwino kwambiri. Mu 1862, Robert wazaka 19 amawunika bwino mayeso omwe ali mu yunivesite ya Dutingen. George-Ogasiti ndi yunivesity yapamwamba yaku Germany yokhala ndi miyambo yayikulu yophunziridwa ndi zochitika za oposa 40 Nobel.
Pambuyo pake, Kochi adazindikira kuti zokambirana za ma virus ndi ntchito zasayansi za aphunzitsi a Göttinggen zidakhudza chidwi chake cha sayansi. Ogwira ntchitowo anali mbali ya dokotala wa wojambula wa Fernetrich Generaneti, yemwe adatsegula choponya ku Neproni Impso, yemwe wasayansi wachipembedzo, yemwe anali wambiri m'dzikunja kwa nthambi.
Kwa miyezi iwiri, Kochi adathetsa misonkhano yachilengedwe, kuphatikiza biology, ndipo mankhwala atatha. Pambuyo 4 zaka zimalandira dipuloma ya dokotala. Kwa zaka zingapo, munthu wachipatala amasunthira pachabe ku Germany posaka mzinda woyenera kuchita zachinsinsi. Pomaliza, mu 1869, ndi zomveka m'tawuni ya Rocvitz ndipo imalandira ntchito ya wothandizira kuchipatala kuti akane m'maganizo.
Mankhwala ndi Zochita zasayansi
Mu chipatala chamisala ku Rakvice, Koh adagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. Mu 1870s, nkhondo ya Franco-Prussian inaphedwa. Robert adakhala dokotala wa dokotala. Pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri, amalandila zothandiza kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchiritsa matenda opatsirana, kufalikira komwe kudachitika nthawi zonse. Pamoto wa nkhondo amapeza nthawi yofufuza, kuwerenga ma virus ndi algae. Patatha chaka chimodzi, demobilizize ndi nthawi yonse yaulere imathandizira kafukufuku wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachita bwino.
Mu 1872, adasankhidwa ndi dokotala waku boma mu Valsyne (tsopano Volstyn ku Poland). Pa chisangalalo cha Koch, panthawiyo mliri wa zilonda za ku Siberia zinafika m'derali, lomwe limatsegula ng'ombe za alimi. Kuthana ndi zoyesazo za Louis Pasteur, adaganizanso kuti awone matenda owopsa.
Chiwerengero chowerengeka cha zoyesa ndi wotchi kuseri kwa ma microscope pambuyo pake, adawulula koyamba Bacilsium Anthrial Anthocis - wothandizila wake wa matendawa, komanso adawerengera zochitika mwatsatanetsatane. Mu mbewu, wasayansi adapeza zodula, ulusi ndi mikangano yomwe imamverera bwino padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, Koh adafotokozera za "Koh Kubereka kwa" Imfa Kurgans "- koopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama za manda amanda zodwala zilonda za ku Siberia.
Pambuyo 4 zaka ku yunivesite ya Breslaulu (tsopano mzinda wa Poland wa Wroclaw) adapeza mabuku. Botolo-bacteriologist wa fridand Konheim, pathofiysiyo katswiri Jelius Konheim adatenga gawo lalikulu m'bukuli, lomwe labotale la Koh lidayamba koyamba lofufuza za Microbiology. Ndikufunitsitsa kudziwa kuti Paul Erlich, mtsogolo "Atate" la zigawenga adakhalabe m'gulu la omvera.
Mu 1878 idasindikiza ntchito yochokera ku zilombo zomwe matenda ovulala ndi staphylococcus. Kenako adafotokoza koyamba tizilombo.
Mu 1880, mothandizidwa ndi a Menaima, amalandila malangizo a boma la boma mu Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku Berlin. Chaka chotsatira, imafalitsa ntchito yosinthira "njira zophunzirira cha pathogenic", zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kupatukana kwa ma virus ndi chizindikiritso cha mbewu zoyenerera, osati msuzi wa zopatsa thanzi, monga kale .
Kutsegulidwa kofunikira kunachitika mwamwayi. Koch adasiyira mbatata yodulidwa mu labotale, ndipo maderawo amapezeka odulidwa kuchokera kudula, omwe amakhala motalikirana komanso osasakanizidwa. Pambuyo pake, wasayansi adagwiritsa ntchito gelatin, agar-agar ndi media ina yolimba yomwe idatsegula kafukufuku watsopano pamaso pa akatswiri akuopa.
Kupereka kwa sayansi kwa sanali kochepa. Kohus ndi ya njira yophunzirira mabakiteriya pomangoyambira. Pamaso pake, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timaonedwa ngati zopanda utoto, ndipo ngati kachulukidwe kanagwirizana ndi kachulukidwe kanu, ndiye kuti zolengedwa sizinali zamunthu. Robert adagwiritsa ntchito utoto wa aniline, kusankha mtundu wophatikizika ndi ma virus okha. Ichi chinali choyambira pakupanga microbili yatsopano ya tyrctical katundu wa ma virus osiyanasiyana - kuthekera kwawo kwa "kubereka kwa utoto".
Pomaliza, kumiza ma lens. Chifukwa cha kumizidwa kwa adzuwa mu mafuta ndi ma curve ambiri, wasayansi adabweretsa kukulitsa luso la ma microscope mpaka nthawi 1,400 nthawi yomwe kuwonjezeka kwa ma 500 kunali malire. Umboni wa ubale wa tizilombo tambiri komanso matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi iye, wofufuzayo wophatikizika m'makalata angapo, otchedwa koha Triad.
Zonsezi ndi zosintha zina ndizofunikira lero:
- Microber yomwe imapezeka nthawi zonse mwa wodwalayo ndipo akusowa ena;
- Microber imayenera kufotokozedwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati tizilombo tonse;
- Mu ma virus odetsedwa mu mawonekedwe oyera a anthu, Zizindikiro zimawonekera, zofanana ndi zodekha, zimatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Alendo a Koch - malingaliro akulu kwambiri amtundu wa anthu, mwachitsanzo, pasteur wa Louis, yemwe wasayansi adagwa. Kwa zaka zingapo, nzeru za microbiology idaleredwa ndi wina ndi mzake m'nkhani komanso nkhani zotsutsa zasayansi. Robert Wamng'ono kuposa Louis wazaka 20, koma yikani chiphunzitsocho, kumasulira ulamuliro wazomaliza.
Mu 1880s, chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chidapha aliyense ku Germany. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha matendawa ndi chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza etiologies zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mitu yayikulu. Panthawiyo, matendawo adatsutsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino komanso thanzi labwino. Sindinathe kusiya "wotsutsa" Koch sakanakhoza.
Ndi mawonekedwe ake, akuchititsa zoyesayesa ndi kafukufuku wa minofu ya akufa, kupanga mbewu, wasayansi atatha kuwona mu utoto wa michere wonyezimira wa buluu - toche. Kuyang'ana malingaliro anu ku nkhumba za Guinea, Koh kunatsimikizira kuti anali matendawa, omwe adanenedwa pa Marichi 2482 pamsonkhano ku Berlin.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zina zomwe zakhala zikuchitika chifukwa cha matendawa, anali a chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chidatsalira ku Koch. Pakutha kwa moyo, adakumana ndi vuto la matendawa. ONRVIND STURCUIL TBUBRUlin - madzi omwe angathandize kulandira chithandizo. Kalanga ine, mankhwalawa analibe achire, koma anali ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri. Kwa "kufufuza ndi kuzindikira zokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa chifuwa" mu 1905 adzalandira mphotho ya Nobel.
Mu 1882, idasindikizidwanso za Bacillos, ndikuyambitsa Elidemi Conjunctivitis, yomwe imadziwika kuti Koch-wick Bacillus - chinthu china pamndandanda wa wasayansi. Chaka chotsatira, anthu adawathandiza kuti apite ku Egypt ndi India, komwe kolera anali akuvulala. Wasayansi amayang'ana wothandizila wothandizila matenda owopsa ndipo amapezeka.
Popeza atapeza zitsanzo zingapo za tizilombo tofanane, chofanana ndi mawonekedwe a comma, koh amaperekedwa kwa dziko lapansi kununkhira kwa cholera.
Robert akhali na mabuku ang'onoakulu a Koh. "Koma zinali zovuta kutsimikizira njira yosasinthika."
Mu 1889, limodzi ndi sibasaburo, kitasato kuwulula mu mawonekedwe oyera a tetanus causative wothandizila. Mu 41, a Unicrobiologist amakhala pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Berlin ndi wamkulu wa Ivomon Institute. Mu 1891, adapita ku Institute of matenda opatsirana, pambuyo pake.
Kuyambira mu 1896, wasayansi adapita ku Ealistrations: kupita ku India, Africa, Java, Italy, Guinea. Mu 1904, iye amakana woyang'anira wamkulu wa Instituteite kuti adziphatike mu kuphunzira zomwe walandiridwa. Mliri, kubweza tuff, matenda ogona, malungo - tizilombo tomwe timakhala "pansi pa mandala ake mpaka 1907. Mu 1909, a Koh werengani lipoti lomaliza loperekedwa ku chifuwa chachikulu. Mu 1910, wasayansi sanakhale.
Moyo Wanu
M'magawo osiyanasiyana, panali munthu wotsekedwa komanso wamigodi, koma wapafupi ndi abwenzi omwe anali m'chigawo chawo, amamudziwa pamoyo wawo aluso.
Mkazi woyamba - Emma Adeelphin Josephine Franz, omwe adaphatikizidwa ndi ukwati mu 1867. Mwana wamkazi wa Gertrude adabadwira mu Union. Unali munthu wa Emma yemwe adapatsa Koch pamcroscope.
Mu 1893, Robert adasudzula ndipo amalowa ukwati watsopano. Mkazi wachiwiriyo ndi wachinyamata wochita sedget freiburg. Kunalibe ana kuchokera kwa awiriwo.
Imfa
Asayansi wamwalira woipa pazaka 66 za moyo kuchokera ku vuto la mtima.
Monga moyo wofufuza, mu 1907, malo osungirako a Robert a Robert adawonekera ku Berlin. Anaperekedwa ku mphotho ndi mendulo yagolide - mphotho yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi m'minda ya sayansi ya biomedical. Kuphatikiza pa Holoradia resuala, alangizi amaperekedwanso ndi ndalama zochititsa chidwi. Eni ake ena a mtengo wa Koch pambuyo pake adalandira mphotho ya Nobel.