Chiphunzitso
Filosopher-UtopeIS Nikolai Achirleyhevsky, mwana wa Saratov Arrillingler, adachita ntchito yauzimu, koma zaka zambiri zophunzirira ku Seminare ndi University zidatembenukira mtima wake kuchokera kuchipembedzo. Zotsatira zake, adayamba kukhala buku la Democration.
River-Rupe Mtengo Wokwera: Popanda Katorga wazaka 20 wa zaka 20 wa kumenyedwa, thanzi, kulankhulana ndi banja lake komanso mwayi wogwira ntchito, koma mbiri yake idakhala yoyambitsa kudzoza mbadwo watsopano, ndi Ntchito zimayika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha malingaliro ndi mabuku.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nikolai anabadwira ku Saratov 12 (24) ya Julayi 1828. Abambo ake Gavril Checkyhevsky anali wansembe komanso kwa zaka zambiri munthu wophunzira yemwe akufuna kuonetsetsa ana ake mtsogolo. Ulya pang'ono kolya ankakhala m'mabuku. Kukonzekera ndi zokulirapo kwa mnyamatayo kunangokhala ndi anzawo, komanso abwenzi akuluakulu a Atate.
Mu 1842, wachinyamata wachichepere adalowa seminare ya uzimu. Khalidwe lophunzitsa m'bungwe la maphunziro silinamufongeni, ndipo mnyamatayo adamuimba ndiokha, akuwerenga za geolography ndi zilankhulo. Nditaphunzira zaka 4 ku seminare, Nikolai adalemba zolemba ku St. Petersburg University pazaukadaulo ndi machenjezo.
Zochita zolemba ndi mabuku
Panthawi yophunzira, mawonekedwe adziko lapansi a kusinthika kwamtsogolo kumayambika. Anayamba kukonzekera ntchito yophunzitsira ndipo anayamba kulemba zojambulajambula. Ngakhale kuti Nikolai adaphunzira kale pantchito zauzimu ndipo ambiri adatsogozedwa kuchokera ku banja lachipembedzo, chiphunzitso cha orthodoxy adakana mwachangu.
Pambuyo pa zaka 2, achiremychevsky, limodzi ndi mkazi wachichepere, adabwerera ku Petersburg. Anapatsidwa malo aphunzitsi mu corps ya Cadet, ndipo anavomera mosangalala, poona kuthekera kwa malingaliro ake. Mphunzitsi Nikolai Gavlilovich sanali woipa, ngakhale wokhulupirika kwambiri, koma ndi ogwira nawo ntchito, koma mnzake, sanathe kunyoza: Mphunzitsi adasiya.
Mu 1853, achitsekomevsky adayamba kufalitsidwa mu "zolemba zapakhomo" ndi "St. Petersburg vedosti". Kuyambira ndi zolemba zazifupi, pang'onopang'ono adasamukira ku pulogalamu. Chaka chotsatira, wolemba adapita ku "m'kono yofananira". Ngakhale kusinthana malingaliro, Nikolai Gavlilovich sanafune kusintha koopsa kwa nthawi imeneyo ndi panthaka iyi adasiya kulemba ufulu wa Annekonkov, turgenev ndi bongo.
Malingaliro anzeru ndi andale
Mu 1855, achiwerewere amateteza lingaliro lake loperekedwa ku ubale wa malingaliro aluso ku zochitika zenizeni zadziko lenileni. Zolankhula zake zidadzetsa mwayi pagulu, chifukwa kudzudzulidwa kwa malingaliro ndi chiphunzitso chakuti "oyera", komwe ambiri amawonedwa kuti akhazikitse maziko.
Oyimira aboma nawonso sanakonde udindo wa wachinyamata wachinyamata: A. S. Noov, yemwe panthawiyo anali mtumiki wa kuwunikira, adatsutsa kuti mphotho ya Sayansi ya Syckyshevsk. Nikolai Gavrilovich adalandira mutu wa mabuku a ku Russia kokha zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, pomwe Norova adadziwitsa E. P. Kovalevsky.
Nthawi yomweyo, wolemba adalumikiza magazini "osonkhanitsa ankhondo". Kukopa kwake potsatsa bukuli sikwana mwangozi: Achipenteyhevsky adayitanidwa kuti azitsogolera zochitika zofalitsa mu positi iyi, chifukwa, ndi dongosolo la otembenuka, gulu lankhondo likuyenera kukhala gulu lalikulu loyendetsa zomwe zikubwera. Kumeneko achitsekoko akudziwana ndi Ogarev ndi Adedi. Onsewa adadzakhala osunga chiwerengero cha anthu ndipo adayambitsa chinsinsi "dziko lapansi ndi chifuniro".
Kumangidwa ndi kufotokozera
Mu 1861, a Nikolai Gavririlovich adasonkhezera chidwi cha apolisi, ndipo kuyang'aniridwa molondola adakhazikitsidwa. Mkonzi wa "gulu lankhondo" ndi wolemba "wa nthawi yanthawi yake amakayikira zosinthana za boma la Revoluary ndikupanga maboma omwe alembedwa ndi Grandarme Gundalmukov). Kuphatikiza apo, achizerena am'maso ankawakayikira kutengapo gawo pamoto komwe kunachitika ku St. Petersburg mu 1862.
Posakhalitsa "nthawi yokhala ndi zochitika" idatsekedwa, ndipo m'mwezi wa Nikolai Gavlilovich amangidwa, ndikuyika linga la pepropavsk m'chipinda chimodzi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mugwire inali kalata ya zitsamba mpaka kumwera Solovyky, yemwe adanenanso za ku Sntenyhevsky - adaganiza zokonzedwa kuti akonzekere ntchito yoletsedwa "ku UK. Kuphatikiza apo, Nikolay Gavririlovich adaimbidwa mlandu wopanga ma trade akuitana anthu oyang'anira anthu.
Kufufuza kwa momwe Reviusery adakhalako 1.5 zaka. Commission yotsimikizira kuti zolakwa za ma cyleyhevsky zinagwiritsa ntchito njira zosaloledwa - umboni wa mboni zonama, zikalata zabodza. Kukopa Kuchita Chilungamo, Mkaidi adalengeza za masoka a masiku 9, koma sizinathandize.
Ngakhale m'ndende, wasayansi anapitilizabe kugwira ntchito polemba ma sheet oposa 200 alemba. Pakutukula, anamaliza bukulo kuti "achite chotani?". Chosangalatsa kwambiri - ntchito yomwe idalandiridwa ndikufalitsidwa, ngakhale kuti wolemba wake.
Mu 1864, Nikolay Gavrilovich adalengeza chigamulo: Katorga wazaka 14 ku Siberia ndi malo a moyo wonse kumeneko. Malinga ndi kufuna kwa mfumu, nthawi yakale inali iwiri, koma zotsatira zake, wolemba adagwira cholumikizira 19 ndi oposa chaka. Chilango cha anthu wamba ndi chilango chochititsa manyazi mu mtundu wa anthu onse magulu onse - zinachitika pa 19 Meyi 1864 ku Grastrburg ya St.
Mkaidi adawoloka pa tchalitchi cha Nerkinsky, ndipo pambuyo pake amapezeka ku Villusk. Pambuyo pa zaka 10, achichepere, achichepere akufuna kuti apereke chikhululukiro, koma anakana. Mabwenzi osintha pa Cervolution adapanga zoyesayesa zingapo kuti adzimasule, koma Saratov Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov's Saratov yabwerera ku Saratov posachedwa.
Mapeto ake, abwenzi ndi abale adatha kuonetsetsa kuti adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Siberian ku Astrakhan. A Emperor adapitilira gawo ili chifukwa choopa zipolowezi zatsopano, chifukwa "dziko lapansi ndi Thirona" kenako adadziwonetsa ngati gulu lowopsa la chibwenzi, ndipo sanafune kuvuta.
Moyo Wanu
Wolemba anali atakwatirana. Olga Stutovna Vasalyeva, omwe adakwatirana mu 1853 adakhala mkulu wake. Mkazi wamvapo munthu woyambirira, ndipo kusankha kwa achichepere kuvomerezedwa si onse: Olga adaimbidwa mlandu ndi chidwi ndi ntchito ya wokwatirana naye, koma Nikolai Gavlilovich adakondwera. Kukonda kwake mkazi wake kunali kwakhungu ndi kopanda malire, ndipo anaganizira ukwati m'njira yoyesa malingaliro atsopano, kuyesera kuti apange ubale wofanana ndi ukapolo waukapolo ndi kuponderezana kwa akazi omwe ali m'banja.
Mukakumana ndi achinyengo moona mtima anachenjeza kuti amakonda "zinthu zonunkhira ngati chonyamulira", koma Olga sanaletse. Atalandira chilolezo chokwatirana, wolemba anakafika ku "Diary paubwenzi wanga ndi amene tsopano amasangalatsa malingaliro anga" ndipo anayamba kulimbirana malingaliro ake mu moyo wabanja.
Achipenteyhevsky ananena kuti maanja onse ndi ofanana ndi ufulu ndi ntchito, zomwe nthawi imeneyo zinali zolimba mtima kwambiri. Muukwati, anapatsa ufulu wa olga kwathunthu, kuti asinthe, akukhulupirira kuti anali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi iyemwini, monga zofuna. Mkaziyo atayamba kuchita ndendende ndi bwenzi la banja ku Savan Savoteky, adamuuza kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe chomwe chimafuna ngati chisangalalo ngati chisangalalo ngati chisangalalo. Olga, akusilira kuwolowa manja koteroko, kusankha kukhala ndi mwamuna wake.
Zakuchitikirana Chingwe Chamwini Pambuyo pa buku loti "Zoyenera kuchita?", Ndipo ubale wa mzimayi m'modzi ndi amuna awiri ofotokozedwapo anapezeka m'mabuku otchedwa "Triangle Triangle".
Achibale a Nikolai Gavririlovich adayang'ana osankhidwa ake "Makos", komanso mumtundu wake wa Saratov za moyo wa banjali nthawi zonse amayenda mosakondwa ndi mphekesera. Kuchoka pa banja laling'ono ku St. Petersburg zambiri kukumbutsidwa zambiri ndi amuna okalamba. Mafuta mumoto adatsanulira kuti ukwati usanachitike mwachangu - izi zisanachitike izi, Nikolai Gavlirilovich adamwalira, adakana kupirira maliro olima.
Pamodzi, achiwerewere amakhala zaka 9, koma tsoka zinawasankha zaka 20 za chisangalalo chabanja. Kuchokera maulalo a ku Siberiya, wafilosofi analemba makalata 300 kwa mkazi wake, koma pambuyo pake anaimitsa kuti :.
Podzafika nthawi yomwe ananyamuka, okwatirana anali atakula kale ana atatu - Mikhal, Victor ndi Alexander, ndipo atakhala opanda mwamuna wake komanso bambo wake, banjali linaphunzira zowawa. Olga amayenera kugwira ntchito ndi chomangira ndi chongana. Mu 1866, adatenga mwana wamng'onoyo, adapita kukacheza ndi mnzake. Njirayo idatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma adatha masiku 4 okha. Nikolai Gavlilovich adapempha Olga kuti akanene ndikukwatiwa, koma sanafune kuchita izi.
Imfa
Chifukwa cha mavuto a Rodney achireychevsky mu June 1889, kubwerera ku Saratotov, koma sikunali koyenera kukhala ndi moyo masiku a Mulungu kumka ku kwawo. Ogwira ntchito molimbika adanjenjemera, ndipo patatha zaka 55 wolemba anali bambo wofooka.
M'dzinja la chaka chomwecho, adadwala malungo ndipo adamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Choyambitsa imfa chinali chotupa mu ubongo.
Manda a Nikolai Gavririlovich Chernyhevsky ali pamanja a manda a Saratov.
Zosangalatsa
- Mu bukulo "chochita chiyani?" Otchulidwa aluminiyamu otchedwa "zitsulo zamtsogolo". Panthawiyo, sanagwiritse ntchito pang'ono, koma kuneneratu kwa achikazi pankhani yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'makampaniyi.
- Ndili mwana, abwenzi adasemphana ndi wolemba mabuku wina, ndipo abwenzi ake adatchedwa Waomwe Wamsageri wa Mabuku - ludzu Lake la Kudziwa Linali Zachisoni Kwambiri.
- M'nthawi za Soviet, bukuli "chochita chiyani?" Zinadziwika bwino chifukwa cha ndemanga zabwino za Lenin.
- Kukonda mkazi wake wachiwerewere wachiwerewere moyo wake ndipo sanasiye kumuganizira ngakhale m'manda kwambiri a cortis. Kupulumutsa ndalama kuchokera kwa ndalama zosaka, adakwanitsa kugula nkhandwe ya nkhandwe ya Fox kwa iye ndikutumiza mphatso kwa Petersburg.
Mawu
Zochita za anthu ndi zopanda kanthu komanso zosafunikira pomwe lingaliro ndi lingaliro. Ufulu wokhala ndi moyo ndikukhala osangalala - Chizindikiro chopanda pake kwa munthu yemwe alibe tanthauzo kuti munthu akhale mtundu wa mtunduwo kupumula ndikosavuta komanso kosangalatsa kwa iye. Kudzipangitsa kuti atulutse bwino chifukwa chosaganizira zotsatira zake.M'bali
- 1862-1863666666666666666 - "Zoyenera kuchita?"
- 1863 - "Alfriev"
- 1883 - "Maumboni pa Nekrasov"
- 1854 - "Maganizo Akuluazo Zodabwitsa"
- 1855 - "Zokongoletsa za Art kukwaniritsa zenizeni"
- 1855 - "Sublime ndi Comic"
- 1855 - "Khalidwe la chidziwitso cha anthu"
- 1858 - "Kutsutsa kwa malingaliro a Filosofice motsutsana ndi umwini wapadera"
- 1860 - "Mtsogoleri wa Anthrophy officaphy"
- 1888 - "Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha Kulimbana kwa Moyo"