Mbiri Yodziwika
Saltykov-Shdorrin adalemba bukuli "mbuye GOLYOV" mu 1875-80. Ntchitoyi ndi mlongo wofotokoza za moyo wa banja limodzi. Poyamba, wolemba adafunanso kupereka buku dzina la Connant, koma adaganiza zobweretsa ngwazi.Mbiri Yolengedwa
M'magazini ya magazini "zolemba zapakhomo" za 1875, nkhani ya Syttykov-Shuperin imatchedwa kuti "ku Khothi la Banja" linasindikizidwa, linakhala maziko a tsogolo la bukulo. Kuwona ntchito yosindikizidwa, Turgenev adayankha kalata, yomwe adapangira kuti apange wolemba kuti asapangire nkhani, koma kudali nkhani yonse, komwe kungakhale kufotokoza kwa otchulidwa a ngwazi. Wolemba adanenedwa kuti Salttkov-Shudrin ndi othandizira amitundu yaying'ono, koma zolengedwa zotsatizana zimakopa chidwi cha turgenev komanso pagulu.
Mlengi wa nkhaniyo anapitilizabe ntchitoyi, ndikupanga zithunzi zatsopano, ndi kuphatikiza ntchito za "abale a banja", "kukhala achibale" komanso "banja" mu cholinga cha Satirical. Kufunitsitsa kupanga buku lothana ndi mtima wonse kunabwera kwa iye mu 1880. Kotero idalembedwa ntchito ya "mbuye Golov".
Aweruzike, alinso woyang'anira, adapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a mapulani achiwiri, koma pakusintha malembawo ndi kusintha kwa machaputala ena, ngwazi idasamukira ku gulu la Central. Malinga ndi mabuku, pojambulira kwa porphyria, zina mwa mchimwene wake wa wolemba - Dmitry zaphimbidwa. Saltykov-shyrin adatsimikiza kuti mawu obwera chifukwa cha Ayuda amasinthana ndi mawu, mwachilengedwe mwa wolemba wolemba.
Wolemba amayamba nkhaniyi, osanenapo za maonekedwe a Yuda, koma malingaliro ake pa homuweki. Salttykov-shyrin amalankhula za mayina achinkhongwe atatu a chinsinsi, deta kwa mnyamatayo muubwana wake, ndipo mawonekedwe omwe abalewo adawopa. Ndikofunikira pakujambula kwa ngwazi si mawonekedwe, koma mayina "kuweruza magazi", "kutuluka magazi", komanso "mwana wamwamuna" wamnyamata "wodziwika bwino. Mayina odziwika amalola owerenga kuti asayang'ane osati kwa phydiology, koma pamakhalidwe abwino.
Porphyry sakutchedwa pang'ono pang'ono, komanso ngwazi yangozi yomwe siyikupanga mawu ndi zokwanira. Chifukwa chake, mankhusu a Ayuda samawoneka wochimwa, koma ndi abwino komanso osasinthika. Mu ntchitoyi, mawonekedwewo akuwonetsa nthawi zonse momwe mawonekedwe, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe ndi chinyengo sikugwirizana ndi kudzazidwa kwamkati kwa munthu, kupanda chidwi komanso kusokoneza. Ambiri ndi gawo lalikulu lachiyuda. Kutsutsana kumeneku kuli mwa chiwonetsero kuyambira ndili mwana, kumayambira likulu la likulu.
"Mbuye golovy"
Pazokhudza mbiri ya banja lokongola lachiyuda, limakhala ndi gawo lofunikira, chithunzi chake chimawululidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a ochita zachiwerewere. A Salttkov-ShDorrin adagwiranso ntchito chiwembu cha m'Baibuloli, ndikunena za Yudasi Airita, amene adapereka Khristu. Leitmotif idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bukuli. Chifukwa chake, dziro limalumikizidwa ndi Yuda, ndipo ukwati wa zilembo zimakhazikitsidwa pamikhalidwe ndi zochita.
Yuroushka anagwirizana kuti apereke banja chifukwa cha katundu. Moyo wake wonse amayesetsa kudzipereka komanso phindu, lomwe limagwirizanitsidwanso ndi nkhani za M'baibulo. Kusonyeza kumpsompsona kumpsompsona Yuda Iskariota kunali koro la lobphretailo pambuyo pomulembera. Mwanayo analamula kuti mkazi apite kwa mphwayi kwa m'bale wake, ndipo anagwira malowo. Pambuyo pake, a Epihany, oopyria mu sabata lokondana, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kumvetsetsa kwa machimo kumathetsa chinsinsi. Chikhulupiriro cholongosoledwa cha ngwazi sichinali chowona, ndipo kumvetsetsa kwa cholakwacho kudabwera mwa iwo mwadzidzidzi.
Ndikufunitsitsa kuti Yuda afa kuuke chiukitsiro chowala. Kunena zabwino kuti mupachike, iye apo amayang'ana chifanizo cha Yesu. Dongosolo lodzipereka silinali banja la porphyria, koma anthu onse. Ngwazi, yosakhoza kuchita bwino komanso yolondola, imasunganso anthu ena.
Ndi mutu uliwonse wa bukuli, porpiri kuchokera kwa munthu wamoyo amakhala mumzukwawe. Woimira mtundu wokhazikika, wosungunuka anali kutsutsidwa ndi abale akumapeto m'chithunzichi.
Wolemba amalumikizana achiyuda padziko lapansi lamdima, kukumbutsa za ubale wake ndi ziwanda. Zochita zake zimatsimikizira. Kukankhira ana anu kuti afe, samvera chisoni. Mwachangu amayika katunduyo kuchokera ku Poguorelovka, amakana za mwana wake. Salttykov-shyderin nthawi zambiri amafanizira ngwazi ndi njoka yopanga ena. Ndi mawu akuti, Yurouska "amaponya chiuno" ndikuti amalola wozunzidwayo. Maimba ake a pamwambo amabwera patali kuwoloka mayi, abale komansonso atumiki.
A Salttkov-Shudrin adalongosola mtundu wamuyaya, womwe udakhalapo m'mabuku, komanso mtundu wa chilengedwe chonse, womwe aliyense wa ife adakumana ndi moyo. Ichi ndi ngwazi yomwe imatha kupitilira mitu yawo kuti ikhale yopindulitsa kwake, ngakhale ali mapiri a ena ndikuyiwala za chilungamo, chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kupanga chinyengo cha kukongoletsa kunja. Cholinga chachikulu cha Tartuf Moliere. Mwa Iye ndi ku Yurushka, mawu abwino ndipo sakukhudzanso nkhani yabwino.
Mawu
Roman Salttykov-Shdosophi akuphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro a filosofiocal, ndipo ena a iwo ali a Yudeki. Pansi pa mawu a Jolly, anthu ochepa omwe adazunguliridwa ndi anthu ake adawona mtima wakuda wa ngwazi. Kucheza kwake kunali kuuma mwaluso, komwe kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafangwe ndi chinyengo.
"Sindikufuna malingaliro a mbalame ... chifukwa alibe mayesero," arpirov adatero. Yesetsani kuyesedwa kwake inali malo okhala m'banjamo.
Mpaka nthawi yomwe amakhala atakhala, kuwongoleredwa ndi kuti kumvetsetsa kwake kwa dziko sikwachilendo. Ndipo chigoba chosankhidwa chidalola ngwazi kuti apange chithunzi chosavuta.
"Takodwa pano ndi Lukavim, ndipo kotero ndizizindikira, ndipo ndizotheka kutsatira, ndipo Mulungu, nthawi ina, mapulani athu onse ofunsira adzatembenukira kufumbi," adatero.Ndipo iyenso anakhudzidwa ndi mikhalidwe, momveka bwino, luntha lake. Zotsatira zomwe mukufuna sizinasangalale ndipo, omwe adazindikira kulakwa kwake, sakanatha kupitiliza kukhala wabwino.
Yurouska ndi wa mawu akuti:
"Ifemy, ulmmage, Mikktoni Inde imasintha anthu okhala m'mudzimo, ndi chifukwa cha moyo."Sanathe kupeza mankhwala omwe amatha kuchiritsa moyo kuchokera kuvulala pawokha.
Kutchinga
Mu 1933, wotsogolera Alexander Ivanovsky adatenga makanemawo motengera buku la "mbuye Golov". Udindo wa porfiris Golovyev adasewera Vladimir Garin. Cholinga choyambirira kam'mafilimu chinali kanema wakuda ndi Woyera ndipo lero alibe kutchuka kwambiri.
Ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zodziwika bwino, pomwe ojambula otchuka kwambiri otchuka adawonekera mu gawo la Ayuda. Udindo wa Prafiriya Golovyev pa cholengedwa cha matt mu 1987 chidachitika ndi snoktunovsky. Mu 2005, kupambana kwake pa chithunzichi kunabweranso Evgeny Minonov.