Chiphunzitso
Wolemba ndakatulo Nikolai Zabotolotsky ndi woimira ndakatulo aku Russia. Ngati ntchito zake zoyambirira zitaphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi chikhumbo, mtsogolo adapeza mawonekedwe ake omwe amagwiritsa ntchito muvesi, mwapadera kusakaniza mozama mosavuta ndi malingaliro opondera komanso mawu oboola.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nikolai anabadwa mu kasupe wa 1903 ku Koliyskaya Sloboda (tsopano Kazan), dera la Kazan. Mnyamatayo anali wonyada kwambiri ndi makolo ake, amayi ake adagwira ntchito m'mudzimo, ndipo abambo ake anali munthu wazachipatala ndipo anali kugwira ntchito ngati oyang'anira pafamuyo. Ubwana wa ndakatulo zam'tsogolo sunadutse mu Sloboda yekha wokha ndikukhala nthawi yayitali ndikutumikira m'mudzimo, womwe unali ku Vyata Province.
Mu mphunzitsi wasukulu ndipo makolo adaona talente ya mwanayo, chifukwa kale mu gawo lachitatu, adapanga magazini yomwe nyimbo zimayikidwa. Kuti muphunzitsidwe, Zabotsky imasunthira ku urzhum ndikubwera pasukuluyi, zomwe munthu wachinyamata amakonda wachinyamata amapereka, komanso chemistry ndi mbiri yakale.
Pambuyo kumapeto kwa sukulu yeniyeni mu 1920, Zabotsky imalowa yunivesite ya Moscow. Amasankha mafololo ndi zamankhwala, koma posakhalitsa amasuntha ma petrograd ndi kumapeto kwa progogical Institute. Nthambi ya zilankhulo zakunja ndi mabuku. Chaka chotsatira, mu 1926, mnyamata akuitana kuti atumikire gulu lankhondo.
Ndakatulo
Pa ntchito ya Zabolotsky, amatsimikizika ku Leingrad, kuchokera komwe amasiya Reserve pachaka. Ndipo ngati atakhala kuti ali ndi ndakatulo, ndakatulo zoyambirira za Yunc zochokera kumudzi ndi kukumbukira kwake, zitasintha kwake padziko lonse, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga awo, omwe amafanana ndi nkhani ya nayo nkhani. Chifukwa chake m'ndime ya m'Baibulo, ntchito yoyamba ija idawoneka.
Pambuyo pa gulu lankhondo, Nikolai limagwera mu zaka zachuma zachuma zatsopano, zomwe zakhala maziko a ndakatulo za ndakatulo zophatikizidwa ndi Satore. Mochedwa amagwira ntchito yomwe amaphatikizidwa m'buku limodzi, lotchedwa "mzati". Chithunzi chojambulidwa chojambulidwa pachikuto cha bukuli.
Bukuli lidasindikizidwa mu 1929, atamasulidwa, zidapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azikambirana. Ngakhale izi, munthu amakhazikitsa maubwenzi ndi magazini "nyenyezi", yomwe mavesi ena a Wolemba amalowa wachiwiri, yemwe ali m'gulu la bolodi lodziyimira limasindikizidwa mtsogolo.
Buku lotsatira, lomwe linali la ndakatulo la Zabolotsk, lomwe lidapangidwa munthawi kuyambira 1926 mpaka 1932, lidasindikizidwa kale, koma owerenga sanawone. Ndipo ntchito ya Nikolai Alekseevich "chikondwerero cha ulimi", chinayambitsa mtsinje wa Wolemba. Mkhalidwe wotere wotere unapangitsa wolembayo kuti azikhala ochulukirapo onetsetsani kuti sadzaloledwa kulembedwa mwa ndakatulo m'chitsogozo chake choyambirira. Izi zikufotokoza kukula kwa Nikolai, komwe kunatenga mpaka 1935.
Kwa moyo, munthu anapeza m'magazini awiri motsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri a Samueli, analemba ndakatulo ndi kumasulira nkhani za olemba akunja. Chifukwa chake Nikolai analimbitsa pang'onopang'ono malo ake m'magawo olemba a leingrad, ndipo zaka zingapo zotsatira zolembedwa zidavomerezedwa.
Mu 1937, iyenso amasulanso "buku lachiwiri", lopangidwa ndi ndakatulo 17. Ndipo pafupi nthawi yomweyo anagwiritsa ntchito kumasulira kwa ntchito ya "mawu okhudza gulu la Igor", ndakatulo yake "Osad Kozelk", komanso zolemba ndi matanthauzidwe ena. Komabe, nthawi yotukuka inali yotukuka kuti ndi yopusitsa.
Mapeto
Kumenety Weugraphy ya Zabolotsky idachitika mu 1938, pomwe adaimbidwa mlandu wonama motsutsana ndi dongosolo la Soviet. Monga mkangano kwa wolemba zomwe adalemba kuchokera ku otsutsa ndikuwunikanso, zomwe zimanyoza, kusintha lingaliro la ntchito.
Chokhacho chomwe adapulumutsidwa ku kuphedwako chinali kukana kuzindikirika modzimbidwa polenga bungwe lotsutsa, lomwe, kukhudzidwa kwa otsutsa, nawonso kuphatikizira anthu ena. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuwunika kwa Nikolai Laurechevsky, yemwe adalemba za NKVD, yomwe imayang'ana ntchito ya Ibobotsky itayinse kunkhondo yolimbana ndi dziko la Sovisk ndi Soviet.
Monga munthu pambuyo pake, munthu wofotokozedwa m'mafanizo "omaliza anga", omwe adatulutsidwa kwinakwake mu 1981, nthawi yoyamba kuzunzidwa sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa iye, ndikuyesera kuponya mikhalidwe. Nicholas woyamwa chakudya ndi kugona ndipo tsiku linadutsa. Sanaloledwe kudzuka pampando, pomwe sanathe tsiku lina. Ofufuzawo anasinthana, ndipo mwamunayo anapitilizabe kuyenda.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yake, miyendo yake idatha kwambiri, ndipo mapazi ake anali osakhoza kukwirira. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo ndi onse atha kuyesera kukhalabe ndi malingaliro abwino kuti anthu omwe adawafunsira sanavulala chifukwa cha zinthu zopanda chilungamo komanso zopanda pake.
Kuyambira mu 1939 mpaka 1943, Nikolai akupita ku Komsomolsk-Adur paulendo wakum'mawa komanso chaka china, komanso chaka china - Altai Steppes. Makalata omwe adatumizidwa kwa ana ndi mkaziyo pambuyo pake adapanga maziko a kusankha kwake "zilembo zana la 1938-1944".
Kubwerera kumoyo wakale mwa munthu kunangochitika mu 1944, inali nthawi imeneyo adamaliza maphunziro a "mawu onena za gulu la anthu aku Igor", omwe adazindikira matembenuzidwe ena achi Russia. Izi zinathandiza wolemba zaka 2 kuti abwerere ku Moraganda ku Morcow ndikuchira mu mgwirizano wa olemba, kuyambiranso ndi magulu ankhondo atsopano.
Ndakatulo zolembedwa ndi Zabotsky munthawi kuyambira 1946 mpaka 1948, olemba amakono amayamikiridwa. Ntchito zambiri za amuna zidadutsa zachisoni zake ndikuvomereza. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti ndakatulo ija idalembedwa "zaming'alu" ndi "thaw".
Komabe, kukweza kwake kwa kulenga kwake mwachangu kukupusitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo mwamunayo anali ali pafupi ndi matembenuzidwe aluso. Koma pambuyo pa Xx Congress ya CPU, zowonjezera zowonjezera zogawika zidachepera m'mabuku, ndipo Nikolai amatenganso cholembera. Kwa zaka 3 zapitazi, amalemba ntchito zambiri za ntchito atamasulidwa, ena amasindikizidwanso. Mu 1955, ndakatulo "mtsikana woyipa" ndi "pa kukongola kwa miyoyo ya anthu" ikuwonekera. Mu 1957, malongosoledwe ake a 4 amatuluka, ndipo patapita chaka chimodzi, ntchito "isalole mzimu waulesi."
Moyo Wanu
Moyo waumwini mu Zabolotky nthawi ina zinali bwino, koma nthawi inayake adapatsa msampha. Mkazi wa ndakatuloyo adakhala Ekaterina Klykov. Achinyamata adakwatirana mu 1930, pakukonzedwa kwa amuna awo mndende, mayi adamthandiza ndikuchita makalata.
Komabe, mu 1955 adasiya Nicholas kwa wolemba mozama. Munthawi imeneyi, bamboyo amakana mtundu ndi Natalia Roscina. Koma patatha zaka zitatu mkazi anabwerera ku Zabolotsky ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa masikuwo kunali ndi mnzake.
Muukwati, Nikolai Alekseevich anali ndi ana awiri. Mwana wa Nikota adawonekera m'banjamo zaka 2 ukadzakwatirana. Popeza anali okhwima, anakhala acikuru ndi wolemba nkhani zotchulidwa pabiology, ndipo adapanganso monga momwemo za Atate wake. Mwana wamkazi wa Natalia adabadwa mu 1937, wazaka 25, mtsikanayo adakwatirana ndi Nikola Kavarin, yemwe anali a Ram wazakatswiri.
Imfa
Ngakhale m'zaka zaposachedwa, Nikolai Alekseevich anavomereza kuti owerenga ayankhidwa ndipo atha kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira, thanzi lomwe latsalira m'ndende ndi m'misasa, zalephera kubwerera kwa munthu. Pambuyo pobwerera kunyumba, amadwala nthawi zambiri.
Monga n. C. Chukovsky, omwe amadziwa bwino za yabolotsky, adakumana ndi vuto la Nikolai ndipo atachoka mkazi wake. Pambuyo pake, anali ndi vuto la mtima woyamba. Wolemba ndakatulo adakhala zaka zina zitatu. Choyambitsa kufa kwa wolemba chinali chiwiri cha mtima chomwe chimachitika mu Okutobala 1958.
Mkazi wa Nikolai anamwalira mu 1997, mkazi anaikidwa pafupi ndi mwamuna wake. M'nkhani yochokera ku manda a ndakatulo, chipilala chinali chowoneka, komwe dzina la Kataline Vasailna adasemedwa.
M'bali
- 1929 - "mzati"
- 1931 - "mzinda wodabwitsa"
- 1937 - "Bukhu Lachiwiri: Poems"
- 1948 - "Ndakatulo"
- 1957 - "Ndakatulo"
- 1957 - "Chikondi Chomaliza"
- 1981 - "Mbiri Yakumaliza Kwanga"