Chiphunzitso
Yakub Kolhas ndiopezera wolemba ndakatulo ndipo wolemba ndakatuloyo, wobadwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, wolemba nkhani zambiri, ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo za ana ndi akulu. Anakhala moyo wautali komanso wovuta - mbiri yake yomwe imapangitsa kuti nkhondo ziwiri, kusinthasintha. Kolas nthawi zambiri imayerekezedwa ndi mwana wotchuka kwambiri wa yanke - onsewa omwe amadzikayikira padziko lonse lapansi, mosanna, mosiyana ndi iye, Kolas ndi woyenera kudziwa zovuta za moyo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Yakub Kolas ndi pseudonym, dzina la wolemba - Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich. Mwa fuko, Iye ndi Belarusi, wobadwa pa Novembala 3, 1882 mu Chizindikiro - mudzi wawung'ono m'chikithunzi, pomwe bambo ake amagwira ntchito ngati latuli. Chaka chisanabadwe cha fupa laling'ono, banjali lidasamukira kumeza. Kumeneko, ana aamunawo analowa mu maphunziro a Alesiilia Hriousz, omwe anawalimbikitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba.
Mu 1892, Mitskevich adalowa Nikolayyevshinsky sukulu ya pulaimale, pomwe zida zofalitsa zidatsegulidwa - nthano zolembedwa, ndakatulo ndi zosewerera. Muubwana, konstantin anali ndi zochulukirapo ndi amalume ake anton, mwa munthu amene anasintha kwambiri bukuli lomwe limakondedwa kwambiri ndi mnyamatayo.
Nditamaliza maphunziro kusukulu, konstantin adakhazikika ndi makolo ake ku Albuti, komwe adawathandiza kutsogolera chuma ndipo nthawi yomweyo adakonzekera ku seminare ya plad. Podzafika mu 1894, kuyesa koyambirira kwa mitskevich ndi ndakatulo ya "kasupe", ufa "ndi khwangwala". Bambowo analimbikitse chidwi chake ndipo analota kuti Mwanayo anali wa TV "mwa anthu" ndipo sadzagwira ntchito yolemetsa.
Ndakatulo ndi zoseweretsa
Mu 1898, mnyamatayo adakhala wophunzira wa kuchitira masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa NESvizhsky, komwe adapatsidwa malo a boma. Pamaphunziro ake, adawerenga Russian komanso zapakhomo (mwachitsanzo, anali atakumana ndi ntchito ya Yankee Luchin Bolin, ndipo adatenga chidwi ndi nthano ndi zizindikilo. Nthawi yomweyo, Mitskevich amayesa kulemba mu mzinda wa Belawarian ndikupanga ndakatulo zachilengedwe ("Creek", "m'munda wamasika").
Amadziwika kuti nthawi yomweyo ndakatulo "mantha" ndi "pafupi ndi moto" zinalengedwa, koma, malembedwe awo sanasungidwe. Wolemba wachinyamata anathandiza pakati pa aphunzitsi a Seminare. F. Kudrinsky adakondwera kwambiri ndi iye, yemwe adawona mtsogolo mchikhalidwe cha Chi Belaruluan ndi cholowa chake.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, Konstantin Mikhailovich, atalandira ntchito ya mphunzitsiyo m'mudzi wa Poshalykaya, adayamba kugwira ntchito: adalandiranso zosinthana ndi anthu wamba. Kutenga nawo mbali mobisa Congress ya Maphunziro Julayi 9, 1906 anaika mtanda pa ntchito yake yophunzitsa - msonkhano womwe umamwazika ndi oimira mphamvu, ndipo Mitskevich adataya ufulu wogwira ntchito.
Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, ntchito zomwe zidapangidwa ndi wolemba zidali patebulo. Buku Loyamba lidachitika pa Seputemba 1 Mitskevich anali ndi pseudonymm - amalume Karus, yomwe ntchito yake yadali yosindikizidwa koyamba - nkhani ya "Slobodi", koma pambuyo pake adapanga chisankho m'malo mwa dzina loyamba.
Pakadali pano, wolembayo amalowa mu gawo latsopano: Kuchokera m'miyoyo ya anthu wamba, imasuntha kwa malingaliro ndi kumvetsetsa kwa zenizeni zenizeni. Mtunduwu ndi wolembedwa ndi buku lake lotchuka "nkhani za moyo". Mu 1906, ngakhale panali zoletsedwa za olamulira, Kolas anabweranso ku ntchito ya aphunzitsi ndipo anatsegula sukulu yapaintaneti m'mudzi wa scallyarn.
Mu 1907, adasamukira ku Vilnius kuti abwereke mutu wa dipatimenti ya dipatimenti yomwe idafotokozedwa mu nyuzipepala ya komweko idamupangitsa kuti achoke ku mzindawo. Anakhala nthawi yotsatira m'mudzi wa Sani, ndipo mu 1908 adamangidwa ndipo adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zitatu zokopa anthu. Gawo la oneneza anali abodza, koma wolemba sakanatsimikizira izi.
Onse amaika zaka zitatu ku Kolhas amakhala ku Minsk istrog. Iye kanthawi korotal polemba ndakatulo ndi nkhani zatsopano ndikuwatsogolera kuchifuniro cha kufalitsa. Apa ndipamene adatembenukira ku mafomu akuluakulu ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa ndakatuloyo "Syon-nyimbo" ndi "dziko lapansi latsopano". Mu 1910, zosonkhanitsa koyamba zidafalitsidwa.
Kutuluka m'ndende, Yakub Kolhas adayambanso kuphunzitsa - adagwira koyamba m'mudzi wa Kuratichi, kenako ku Pinsky parishi sukulu. Mu 1912, nkhani zokambirana za ku Vanniyo zidatuluka, ndipo mu 1913, ntchito zamunthu zidasindikizidwa ku St. Petersburg.
Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itayamba, kolas adatenga banja ku Moscow dera ndipo adapita kukalande. Mu 1917, adagwira ntchito pamalo opangira bungwe ku Romania, koma atadwala kwambiri adaloledwa kubwerera kwawo ndikuyambiranso ntchito ya aphunzitsi. Mavesi a ndakatulo ya Chijolaudwian adamva zolinga zankhondo ndi kuyitanidwa kuti kubwezeretsedwa kwa midzi ndi midzi yowonongeka.
Zogwira Ntchito Zapagulu Yakukhubu Kos adagwera pa 1920-1930. Analandira mutu wa "ndakatulo ya ndakatulo ya SSR SSR" ndi penshoni yokhazikika, koma posakhalitsa inafika m'munda wonyansa. Kufufuza ndi kufunsanso, kutsatiridwa, zomwe zimayambitsa zonyansa. Kolasa adakakamizidwa kufalitsa "zolakwa zandale". Malo akewo anali opanda chiyembekezo: monga nzika anali atalamulira konse, monga Mlengi - mwadzidzidzi. Sanathe kupatsa ulemu ndale za chipanichi ndipo sanadziwe momwe angapangire kuti zitheke.
Zochitika za nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko lapansi, wolemba ndakatulo adapereka "mawu adziko", kubwezera "ndi" khothi kunkhalango ". Pa ntchito izi, adalandira mutu wa wolemekezeka, kenako adabwereranso ku minsk.
Pankhondo yayikulu ya dziko lapansi, wolemba ndakatulo adakhalako pafupi ndi Moscow, ku Klauzme, Tashkent, Moscow. Mu mavesi ("AKA", 1942; "mawu a dziko lapansi", 1943), khothi la ndakatulo "(1943-194)," adalemekeza Padziko Lonse, kugwedezeka kwa anthu a Soviet, anyani, chilengedwe cha Fascism. Mu 1944, yatub koloms adapereka dzina la "ulemu wogwira ntchito wa SSRER SSR SSR."
Moyo Wanu
Ndili ndi mkazi wamtsogolo, Maria, wolemba adakumana ndi aphunzitsi ku Pinsk. Anaphatikizidwa ndi ukwati mu June 1913 ndipo anakhala limodzi kwa zaka 33.
M'moyo wa banjali anali wokondwa, ndipo mkazi amayesetsa kwambiri kutsegula mphatso ya mwamuna wake. Maria adabereka ana atatu - Mikhael, Daniel ndi Yuri. Kolas adapulumuka wokondedwa, zomwe sizinali mu Meyi 1945, atatha ntchito yovuta, ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake kunayaka.
Imfa
Pamapeto pa moyo, wazamankhwala wa kufooka kwambiri. M'zaka 10 zapitazi, nthawi zambiri amadwala ndimapapu, koma ngakhale pabedi anapitiliza kugwira ntchito. Pa Ogasiti 13, 1956, Yakub Kolhas adamwalira kumbuyo kwa desktop. Chomwe chimayambitsa kufa sichikudziwika bwino, mwina, adakhala matenda a m'mapapo. Thupi la wolemba lidayikidwa m'manda ku minsk, pa manda ankhondo.
Dzina la Yakub Kolas ndi National Ophunzila Sporma Theatre ku Vitebb, Central Central Service, misewu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana.
M'bali
- 1910 - "Nyimbo-Maphunziro"
- 1912 - "APavadnі"
- 1913 - "Chakudya cham'mawa. Yak Yurrzr cagatsў »
- 1921 - Kazki Zhetsya "
- 1923 - "New zyml"
- 1925 - "prshai Kroki"
- 1926 - "Pa Prastoras of Zhatsy"
- 1927 - "Halbі Passwa"
- 1932 - "Adshchapets"
- 1934 - "Wotchinga"
- 1946 - "ADMPTLA"
- 1955 - "Pa Rostozakh"