Chiphunzitso
Yaroslav Faghek - wolemba Czech, yemwe adabweretsa buku la "Alendo wa msilikari wasitikali". Mu buku la SatirIrical, adafotokoza mavuto ofunikira kwambiri kuzaka za zana la zana, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kudziwa kwa anthu a nthawi ndi mbadwa.
Yaroslav Pagehek adabadwira ku Prague pa Epulo 30, 1883. Wolemba anali ndi mchimwene, Boguslav, yomwe idayamba zaka 3 pambuyo pake. Banja lidachokera ku mtundu wakale. Abambo anyamata, a Joseph, aphunzitsi aluso komanso masamu. Agogo a mayi a Katzhin anali nduna ya Nyumba yamalamulo atatha kusintha kwa 1848. Makolo adakumana m'tawuniyi otchedwa Pipk ndipo atatha zaka 13 msonkhano utakwatirana.
Banja limasamukira ku Prague. Ndikosatheka kuyitanitsa bwinobwino. Abambo a banja ankayesetsa kusamalira mawa ndikuyesa kusangalatsa okondedwa. Kuchokera pakugwa, adasokoneza. Amuna a impso sanathe kupirira: Ntchitoyo idafunikira kuti Yosefe asapulumuke. Kusamalira ana kugona pamapewa a amayiwo, omwe adayesetsa kupeza nsalu.
Sizinali zophweka kulipira nyumba zochotsa, motero mphunji inali kusuntha nthawi zonse. Zidakhudzidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a Yaroslav kusukulu. Zaka 2 zoyambirira atavomerezedwa kupita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, mwanayo anali wophunzira wabwino kwambiri, m'gulu la 4 adayamba ntchito yachiwiri, ndipo nditasiya maphunziro ake onse. Mu 1897, sukulu yasukulu yasukulu inali imodzi mwa ziwonetsero zomwe zidabwera ku misewu ya Prague. Anagwira apolisi.
Munthuyo sanali wosavuta kukhala ndi moyo. Popeza sanasiye sukulu, sanapeze ntchito. Kwa kanthawi, Yaroslav adagwira ntchito yothandizira kugula mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu 1899-m, hashek adalowetsedwa ku Academy, yomwe adamaliza maphunziro mu 1902. Atamaliza maphunziro, mnyamatayo amadziwa zilankhulo za Chipololi ndi ku Germany, ndi za ku Russia, Hungary ndi Chifalansa.
Pamodzi ndi abwenzi a Yan Chulenom ndi Viktor, adawononga tchuthi ku Slovakia. Anapita ulendo wotsatira kupita ku Katara ku Tatra. Maulendo sanali gawo lotsiriza m'moyo wa mahatchi. Mnyamatayo adayamba kulemba nkhani zoyambirira ndikulemba nkhani.
Ntchito ya wolemba idawonekera ku National Gazette. Zowonetsa zawo, chinthu choseketsa komanso chowongolera mafano. Talente yoneneza yomwe ya m'mimba inali yodziwikiratu kwa anthu. Pakugwa kwa 1902, Yaroslav Gamehek adakhala wogwira ntchito ku Slavia Bank. Mzimu wopandukayo wa wolembayo anafuna ufulu, motero chiyambi choyambira chizolowezi chosiya. Analowa nawo zigawenga za ku Makedonia, pamene gulu losinthana linayambira ku Balkan mu 1903.
Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, Yaroslav adapita ku Slovakia, Poland ndi Czech Republic, komwe nthawi ina idamangidwa chifukwa cha Vagabond. Kubwerera kunyumba, anali osadziwika. Mnyamata wopanda malire amamwa agologolo, fodya wotafuna. Hashek adadzipangira yekha chigastchichi ndipo chakhazikika kuti ligwire ntchito m'magazini "Omladin". Manyuzipepala Obweretsera Migodi Komanso, Kupanga Choyamba Ndege, Kupita ku Germany. Chaka chotsatira, adafika ku kwawo.
Mu 1905, Yaroslav Hashhek anali m'gulu la omwe adalemba magawo, omwe adafalitsira magazini "mimba yamakono". Mutu wake unali msuweni wa mtolankhani waku Novice komanso wapolisi wanthawi yayitali. Njira ya nthabwala Yaroslav mwachangu owerenga ndi ogwira ntchito. Zolemba za kulemberana makalata zimawonekera m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini.
Kuyambira mu 1906 mpaka 1915, sharhek anali woimira wa ku European ku European, yemwe amakhala kuti alibe ndalama nthawi zonse chifukwa chosakhulupirira m'tsogolo. Mu 1909, adakhala mkonzi wa magazini ya magazini "ya nyama", komwe mukulipira, kuphatikiza pa 30 zł ndi malita awiri a mowa patsiku. Mu malo olembera, Yaroslav adatenga zaka ziwiri.
Mu 1911, ngwazi idawonekera koyamba patsamba la "Joker" ndi "zovala", pambuyo pake ulemerero wa dziko lapansi kwa wolemba. Nkhani 5 za msirikali schwekka adasindikizidwa pano. Mu 1912-m, mafuta atamasulidwa nkhani zomwe zimatchedwa kuti "wolimba mtima schweik ndi mbiri zina zodabwitsa."
Ntchito zankhondo
M'nyengo yozizira, wolemba wa 1915 adayitanitsa gulu lankhondo. Zilango zolanga ndi kusowa kwa kuthekera kotsatira ntchito zankhondo kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kuti pakugwa kwa chaka chomwecho adagwidwa ndi aku Russia. Gasi adagwera mumsasa poyamba ku Kiev, kenako pansi pa Samara.
Mu 1916, wolemba adalowa mgulu la katswiri wazaka ziwiri ndipo anali membala wa gulu la Bolshevik. Czech ndi mayiko, a Begaki adawerengedwa kuti akufuna kulimbana ndi akapolo kuti akathandize ku Austria. Ankagwira ntchito kum'mawa kwa Polytotel komanso gulu lankhondo lomwe linapita ku Irkutsk. Kugwira ntchito, wolembayo adafalitsa nkhani zomwe zili m'manyuzipepala a kutsogolo.
Mu 1920, Yaroslav Garkeled adatha kubwerera kwawo. Malinga ndi zikalata za m'kaidi waku Austria, adachoka ku Moscow ndikufika ku Prague. Tsopano zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodwala sichinachirikizidwa ndi Azar wa moyo, koma kuzindikira zolemetsa kwake. Wolemba adadzuka kuti azikhala pansi. Ngwaziyo inapulumutsa, ndinapangidwa kuti ziyambike nkhondo. Atachoka ku Prague kupita ku Lypnice, wolemba adayamba kulemba zatsopano.
Mabuku
Anthu akuti lingaliro la msirikali woseketsa Schwek linabwera ku Gabavaayankho, pomwe amamvera njinga za mnzake amene wasiya ntchitoyo. Chithunzi cha Satirchial chidatenga mawonekedwe abwino m'malingaliro, ndipo nkhani "ollukh mu kampani" idawonekera padziko lapansi, yomwe idadziwika ndi dzina lakuti: "Msirikali amene adanamizira wopusa."
Kuzindikira Moyo Wamtundu Wamanyazi, wolemba adapanga ntchito mu mtsemphawu. Mu 1911 adatchedwa wolemba wotchuka kwambiri Conzefic. Yaroslav adalemba zosenzana ndi mahema ndikuyenda ndikupitilirabe kuti msirikali akuwona zowona ndi zochitika zosangalatsa. Hashek adanyoza ankhondo, ankhanza ankhondo, kuchititsidwa manyazi ndi ntchitoyi.
Kupezeka kwa asirikali ake kumawoneka ngati opanda ntchito komanso osafunikira. Chifukwa chake, Gasa yemwe adapereka mawu a nthawi, momwe adapeza mwayi wopanga. Kuseka ndi mbiri yakale yochokera kwa wolemba mbiri ya wolemba, "adadutsa" ndi apolisi, atolankhani, boma makonzedwe, mayiko, mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Zithunzi zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mavuto a schweyt msilikari, ndizofunikira lero, chifukwa zilembo zotere mpaka pano zimapezeka m'magulu asanu ndi awiri. Monga zochitika zosiyanasiyana zinachitika m'moyo wa wolemba, ngwazi yake inasintha. Kuchokera kwa wopusa ndikubwereza, adakhala chigawenga ndipo adayamba kutembereredwa, kumanyoza zozungulira.
Buku la bukuli silinabweretse njolo zachuma, chifukwa chake anali kusokonezedwa ndi nthawi yayitali komanso kupanga nkhani ndi zolemba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Moyo Wanu
Mtsikanayo dzina lake Yaroslav Gamehek adasankhidwa a Yaroslav Mageeov, omwe adakumana naye m'ma 1900. Makolo achi Czech adatsutsa wolemba yemwe analibe nthaka yolimba. Iwo anali oletsedwa kukumana mpaka ophunzira atapeza ntchito ndipo sadzayamba kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Kudzimva kunakakamira munthu kuchita izi: Iye anakhala mkonzi wa magazini ya "dziko la nyama". Patatha sabata limodzi, abambo a mtsikanayo adapereka ukwati. Yirdil amamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika. Mwamunayo anali munthu wolenga, motero mkazi adamuthandiza kuntchito. Analemba mozama, ndipo nthawi zina anamaliza ntchito zosakwaniritsidwa.
Sagak sanali bambo wachitsanzo chabwino. Posakhalitsa adayamba kudutsa kabaki. Pambuyo pa magaziniyo "dziko la nyama", wolemba sakanapeza ntchito yokhazikika. Anayesa kukhala wabizinesi, kutsegula firiti yogulitsa agalu ndikupereka ma morrels opanda pokhala m'malo okwanira anthu okwanira.
Posakhalitsa ofesiyo idalandira milandu, ndipo ndalama zabanjazo zidapita kukalipira ntchito zamalamulo. Abambo armul analimbikitsa pa chisudzulo, koma anali ndi pakati. Mu 1912, mwana wa Richard adabadwa. Pakapita kanthawi, jormaril adagonjera kwa kukopeka kwa makolo ndikusiyira mnzake, koma kusiyana sikunatsimikizidwe zolembedwa.
Mu 1919, kuwala kumene kunaonekera m'moyo wa Yaroslav shahek: Alexander Gavlova. Anakumana ndi wokondedwa kunyumba yosindikiza ku UFA. Ukwati udalembetsedwa mu 1920 ku Krasnoyarsk. Alexandra sanadziwe za ntchito ya Yaroslav ndi zododometsa kwa mowa womwe sunawonekere ku Russia. Zinabweranso, komanso kukumbukira za mnzake yemwe kale anali nawo, yemwe mkazi wamkazi adalemba makalata, adamuyitana kuti akhale mbuyanga.
Imfa
Kubwerera ku Czech Republic, Yaroslav Hashhekka anakamba zakuti amamuwona ngati wopanduka, ndipo apolisi adatsogolera. Moyo wa wolemba uja adakambidwa kulikonse: adawonedwa ngati wowirikiza kawiri, chifukwa ukwati ndi jomule sunasungunuke kwenikweni. Mu 1922, limodzi ndi Alexandra Yaroslav adalandira malo ogulitsa mumzinda wa Lipice. Nthawi ndi nthawi, adayendera Prague, koma nthawi zambiri anali kunyumba, komwe adayamba kutchuka komanso kutchuka pakati pa komweko.
Mavuto azaumoyo adayamba mwa wolemba atabwerako ku Russia, koma sanaphatikize kufunikira kwa izi. Malingaliro nthawi imeneyo ntchito pa bukuli. Yaroslav Gantashshi anamwalira pa Januware 3, 1923, osapulumuka mpaka zaka 40. Choyambitsa imfa chinali chiwalo cha mtima. Manda a wolemba ali kumanda, pafupi ndi maliro a solicides. Wolemba anali wopangidwa popanda mwambo wa mpingo.
Pambuyo pa kufa kwa mishoni, mwamunayo adapeza ngongole za mwamuna. Koma potengera zomwe zili choncho, sizinali zofunikira kukumana ndi malipiro awo. Nkhani zokhudzana ndi msirikali schweke mwadzidzidzi adayamba kubweretsa ndalama.
Ntchito za Mituyo zinali zofunika kwambiri, ndipo ndalamazo zidayamba kutumiza kuchokera ku zofalitsa zogwirizana ndi wolemba. Mkazi wakale wa njombelo, arteil, adalengeza kuti ufuluwo ulandire cholowa. Khotilo lidamupatsa iye ndi mwana wamwamuna 7/16 ku boma, ndi Alexander 9/16. M'banja lachiwiri, wolemba sanawonekere ana.
Photo la Yaroslav la Milheak limasindikizidwa m'mabuku, mafilimu amachotsedwa malinga ndi ntchito zake, ndipo zolemba zochokera m'mabuku a wolemba zidazimbidwa. Mu bungulma ndi Lipnice pali malo osungirako zinthu zakale omwe amakumbukira wolemba.
Mawu
"Mu nyumba yamisala, aliyense anganene chilichonse chomwe chimadzuka m'mutu mwake, ngati ku Nyumba yamalamulo." "Munthu weniweni amabwera.M'bali
- 1903 - Kutola za ndakatulo "kungafuule"
- 1912 - Kutoleredwa kwa "Wovutika Po Poto Poto"
- 1912 - Advent "Advents of Brawa Schweak ndi mbiri zina zodabwitsa"
- 1913 - Kupanga Kudzikuza "Kuwongolera kwa Alendo ndi Masamba Ena"
- 1915 - Kusonkhanitsa Sattyric "Agalu Anga Ogulitsa"
- 1920 - Zotolera "Nkhani ziwiri Zabwino"
- 1921 - Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kudzikuza "Amuna atatu ndi Shaki"
- 1921 - pepato ntchentche yatsopano komanso nkhani zina
- 1922 - msonkhano wa "Mtendere ndi Kudzichepetsa Kwina"