Robert Burns - Chithunzi, ndakatulo, Biography, Moyo Wanu, Woyambitsa

Chiphunzitso

Wolemba ndakatulo wachi Scottish wa za XVITIA Burns Robert adalemba mbiri yakale mabuku padzikoli monga dziko loona la anthu ake. Kuchoka pabanja ndi chabe, iye anadzipereka kwa ndakatulo zonse: anapita kudziko lakwawo, kupusa ndi manyowa, anakantha nkhani zokongola za Scottish. Ntchito yotentha, monga dzina lake, limadziwika ndi dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ku Russia kukongola kwa nyimbo zake kunatha kuwunika kutanthauzira kwa Samuel Yakol.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Robert Burns anabadwa pa Januware 25, 1759 m'mudzi wa wololera, a Eyelir County. Abambo a mnyamatayo anali mlimi William Burnes, yemwe adatenga mwana wamkazi wa Agnes wa bulauni kwa mkazi wake. Banja limakhala m'nyumba mwake lomwe limamangidwa ndi William. Koma mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 7, abambo ake adagulitsa malo oti achotserenyeko zokwana 70 padziko lapansi pafamu yokwera kwambiri oliphant, ndipo banja lonse lidasamukira kumeneko.

Masana a mgonero wa Robert yaying'ono adayamba. Popeza anali woyamba kukhala wachikulire, anakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito ndi akulu, omwe anali ndi vuto lalikulu pankhani yaumoyoyo, anakulira, zopweteka. Ngakhale izi, kuwombala kunakhalabe mu umphawi wadzaoneni, ana (panali asanu ndi awiri) sanathe kupita kusukulu, bambo akewo anaphunzitsa kuwerenga kuwerenga.

Nyumba za Robert ndi Mbale Gilbert omwe amawerengedwa, masamu ndi makalata, anaphunzitsa mbiri yakale komanso joglaography. Agnes analimbikitsa ana ake kuti awerenge, anyamatawo anakwera ndakatulo ya William Shakespeare ndi John Milton, koma wolemba Robert Ferguson adakhala wolemba kwambiri. Komanso, mnyamatayo nawonso anaphunzirapo chidziwitsochi ndi chikondi cha chilankhulo cha ku Scottish ndi nthano: nyimbo, nthano, ma nthano, ma ballads.

Pambuyo pake, abalewo adapita ku sukulu yakumidzi ya John Mur'kok, adamuphunzitsa kuti achilatini ndi French. Robert adaphunziridwa mosiyanasiyana mabungwe osiyanasiyana ophunzitsira (magiriki, Kirikosvald), koma nthawi zonse adapatsa makalasi kuthandiza Atate wake kuti akalalitse.

Zitsanzo za nthenga za Mnyamatayo zimapanga zaka 15-16 motsogozedwa ndi ziphuphu zachikondi. Choyamba amalemba chidziwitso cha ndakatulo kwa msungwana wokhazikika wa Nelli Kirkpack. Ndipo mu Sukulu ya Kirikosososvald, amakumana ndi Peggy Thompson, yemwe amadzipereka ku ndakatulo yoyamba "tsopano Westlin" mphepo "ndi" ndimalota.

Moyo wa mnyamatayo amasintha mu 1777, pomwe bambo, choletsa choledzedwa amalephera, anasamukira ku famu ku Lokhley pafupi ndi Taribolton. Abale Burnessysysysysysysysysysy anali kukwiya kwambiri kwa Atate, amatenga nawo mbali munthawi ya tarbolton, adasayina m'mudzi wa Soling kusukulu, adayambitsa "Bachelor Club". Robert adakondana ndi mawonekedwe a alendo am'deralo akhale a Beby, koma iye, ngakhale ndi nyimbo yolembedwa mu ulemu wake, adakana munthuyo.

1781 Mu Moyo wa Burns - Eattle: Choyamba, mnyamatayo alowa mu mayi wa St., ndipo kachiwiri, ndimakhala wodabwitsa kwambiri zowona. Brown analimbitsa chikhulupiriro cha Scotlands mwa iye mwiniyo, chinamuvomereza ngati wolemba ndakatulo. Mu 1784, abambo amayaka, ndipo moyo wosasamala za wachinyamata unatha.

Ndakatulo

Wogulitsidwa pafamuyi, abale Burnes adasamukira ku Mosgil. Tsiku lina Robert, kuvutika ndi chifukwa, adaganiza zolengeza za ndakatulo zake kuti apeze ndalama ndikupita ku West India. Mwamwayi, ndakatulo yake ya ndakatulo ili ndi zochuluka. Mu 1786 zokambirana zake zoyambirira zidatulutsidwa "Pois: makamaka pa Diaek Diaek."

Mosiyana ndi zomwe wolemba adazikwaniritsa chindapusa chochita bwino. Ndakatulo ya achichepere, palibe munthu wotchuka wolembawo adagwirana ndi miyoyo ya mtundu ku Edinburgh. Asanawotche (tsopano amalembetsa ku pseudomm iyi yofiyira), zitseko za dziko lapansi zowala kwambiri za likulu la Scottish linatsegulidwa.

Kutchuka kwa wolemba ndakatulo kumabweretsa phindu lochulukirapo, ndakatulo zake zidakonzedwa kangapo, nthambo zake zimayambanso. Zolemba ndakatulo zovomerezeka zimakhala ndi malo komanso satore, ndi zachikondi, ndi ma yini. Amalemba chilankhulo chotsika mtengo, cham'mapapo za munthu ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, za mtundu wa Scotland, za chikondi chosadziwika, pafupifupi tchuthi chokongoletsa.

Wolemba amakhala mlendo wokondedwa wa salons ndi masana. Mu 1787, udindo wa Bard Cadedonia unamupatsa msonkhano wa malo ofewetsa anthu ogwedezeka. Komabe, chidwi chadziko chimakhala chofufumitsa, adatola kuwala kokulirapo ndikuwotcha. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi kuzindikira kwake, adaona kuti anali ndi malingaliro ochita chilengedwe chifukwa choyambira. Mu 1788, wolemba ndakatulo abwerera kumudzi, komwe amakwatira msungwana wake wokondedwa.

Mu 1789 amalandira udindo wa wogwira ntchito. Mofananamo, imagwira ntchito mu "ku Scottish Nyimbo Zosaulira" ku Scottish Head Ntchitoyi idapangitsa kuti kukhala ndi cholowa chambiri cha anthu ku Scotland.

Komabe, ngakhale anali ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito komanso yogwira ntchito pagulu, Robert amawotcha asamasiyiratu. Nthawi imeneyi, mbiri yake yakale idalemba ntchito ngati "Oda adadzipereka ku kukumbukira kwa Akazi Osvald" (1989), "Tam Kontarher" (1790). Mu 1793, lowezi lachiwiri la ndakatulo la Burns m'mavoliyumu awiri linasindikizidwa ku Edinburgh. Pofika pano, wolemba akudwala kale: amakulirakulira komanso kukomoka.

Mu 1795, bambo alemba ndakatulo "umphawi woona mtima", momwe munthu wa munthu amatsutsidwa pamwamba pa maudindo ndi boma. Ntchitoyi yakhala yomaliza pantchito ya Robert yoyaka. Wolemba ndakatulo wa anthu a Scotland adasiyidwa kumbuyo kwa zilembo zolemera: zopitilira 500 ndi nyimbo 300.

Kuzindikira uku kwa kuwotcha, ngati talente yeniyeni, yomwe talandira pambuyo pa imfa. Kukongola kodabwitsa kwa ntchito yake kwaphunzira padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chosinthana ndi zilankhulo zambiri zadziko. Mgwirizano waukulu pankhaniyi kwa owerenga chilankhulo cha Chirasha ndi a wolemba ndakatulo wa ana Samuyeli Yakovlevich Marshak. Adamasulira ana asukulu za "m'mapiri a mtima wanga", "a John Barley Fray" ndi mazana a ena.

Moyo Wanu

Moyo wa ndakatulo wa ndakatulo wamkulu wodzipatula mabuku osiyanasiyana - Burns anali wotchuka mwachikondi mchikondi ndi kusiya kwa ana ambiri odziwika muukwati. Pamodzi ndi olowa m'malo ovomerezeka, chiwerengero chawo chinali 12, onse anali obadwa mwa akazi anayi. Wolemba ndakatuloyo anali wabwino - zosungidwa zosungidwa zimapereka chidwi cha nkhope yake - ndipo mu unyamata wake adayamba kukopa anthu a atsikanawo.

Mwana wake woyamba kubadwa kwa banja lake Elizabeti anabadwa pamene bambo ake anali ndi zaka 21. Anapatsidwa ndi mdzakazi wa amayi Betty Peyton. Robert adazindikira mtsikanayo, koma ku Betty adamsiya iye, ndipo mwanayo adalera alongo ake ndi amayi ake a ndakatulo. Mnyamatayo adatsutsidwa m'mudzimo, ndipo ngakhale adalola kuti tchalitchichi chizikhala chothandiza, koma adakakamiza kukhala pa "Benchi".

Komabe, silinali phunzilo loti lipse. M'madzi akuvina, amakumana ndi kuseka kosangalatsa kwa zida za Jin - mwana wamkazi wa kontrakitala wachuma. Mnyamata wokonzedwapo nthawi yomweyo amagwera mchikondi komanso mavesi a akasupe omwe (ambiri adzayambitsa mapangidwe ake oyamba). Mu 17886, Jin ali ndi pakati ndipo adabereka mapasa. Kubwerera ku nthawi ya kutenga pakati, wachichepere anamaliza ukwati wachinsinsi. Koma bambo wa mtsikanayo anabwera kudzalanda, nabweza chikalatacho. Sanakhutire ndi wopemphapempha, kupatula mwana wa Windy.

Wokhumudwitsa a Robert anali kufunafuna chitonthozo m'manja mwa Mary Campbell, koma posakhalitsa adamwalira kuchokera ku Tifa. Pambuyo atadzazidwa ndi Aar Adventures amoyo ku Edinburgh, mtima wa ku Scottish unabwerera m'mudzi kale katatu ndi bambo ake - ukwati wake wa Jenny Leven adabereka mwana wamwamuna, yemwe amatchedwanso Robert. Ndipo pamapeto pake, mayi wachinayi yemwe adapatsa mwana wapathengo - mwana wamkazi wa Betty, akhala malo ena a Anna.

Mu 1788, Robert akadakhala atakwatirana ndi zida za Jin, omwe bambo ake anali atatuluka mnyumbamo, ndipo anali mayi wodziwika bwino. Mtima, Jin adabereka burns 9, 6 mwa iwo anali ali mwana. Komabe, monga wojambula bwino kulemba, Robert sanasiye kukonda kuchita chigololo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.

Imfa

Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa ndakatuloyo zimadziwika ndi zosowa zolimba, ndipo iye adalizidwa ndi matenda a mtima, omwe "adapeza" mu ubwana wake pafamuyo, ndikugwira ntchito molimbika. Mu 1796, adasamukira ku Damfre ndipo adalumikizana ndi odzipereka a alonda am'deralo. Pano pali bambo ndipo anamwalira pa Julayi 21, 1796.

Imfa idachokera ku rheumokadaditis. Burns anali ndi zaka 37. Scotman wotchuka adayikidwa m'manda ku Damfris wokhala ndi ulemu waukulu.

Pokumbukira ndakatuloyo, mafani amakondwerera tsiku lobadwa ake - Januware 25 - omwe amatchedwa "chakudya chamadzulo", chomwe chimaphatikizapo pudding "Hagnid ndi wolemba.

Mawu

"Musafere mitima,Zomwe zimathandizidwa kukhala m'modzi "muubwenzi wolimba, mphamvu zathu.

Ubwenzi wa Ulemu ndi Kutamanda "" Timakhala osangalala panjira.

Mwachidule chisangalalo chathu

Idzazimiririka - ndikupeza

Osati mwa mphamvu zathu "koma ndikwabwino kugwira ntchito isanayambe,

Kuposa kuyanjanitsa kwa moyo womvetsa chisoni "

Ndakatulo

• "Mtima Wanga M'mapiri"
• "Ulemerero waku Scottish"
• "Robin"
• "Panali mlimi woona mtima Atate wanga anali
• "Umphawi Woona Mtima"
• "John Barleycorn"
• "Oda Scotdish Pudding" Haggis "
• "Chembers Omfikira"
• "Mkwatibwi Wopanda"