Chiphunzitso
YANKA Kupula ndi wolemba nkhani wa dziko lonse la Belarus, yemwe ndakatulo yake "mwana ndi woyendetsa yuri gagarin atagonja. Iye, monga olemba ambiri a nthawi za Soviet, adadwaladwala, nthawi zambiri idakhala pakhomo la kufa. Kumwalira kosatha kwa Kupala ndi chifukwa chofufuzira olemba mbiri komanso kutsutsa koyambirira.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
YANKA Kupala (dzina lenileni - Ivan Dominicovic LOTSEVE) adabadwa paulendo wa Belalikari wa Dounica ndi Benigne, Ivanovna (ku SINAnovna (mu sGRAN). Makolonu, otsatira a Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, otchedwa Mwana polemekeza Mneneri Mkristu Yohane Mkristu.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa Lutsschi masiku kubwerera ku XVII masiku a wolemba ndakatulo: Kenako agogo a naweko omwe adasankhidwa ku mtundu wa Ruchaania wapadziko lapansi la Radivilov lapansi. Kunali kofunikira kulipirira Dominic pa Oufrievich, omwe, ngakhale anali m'gulu labwino kwambiri, anali munthu wamba. Adapereka ndalama zazikulu kuti apatse chuma.
Ivan adathandiza abambo ake pantchito, koma kuwongolera zachuma sikunalepheretse ndakatulo yamtsogolo mu 1898 kuti athe kumaliza sukulu ya anthu a ku Belarusian.
Dominic ndi Benioga adatulutsa ana 8: Abale a Ivan - Anton ndi Casimir asanu, Sann, Maria, dzina la Lobadia, dzina lake silimaululidwa m'magulu otseguka. Kumayambiriro kwa 1902, banjali linakhalabe wopanda mkate, ndipo patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, azichemwali onse Ivan ndi m'bale wadwala. Mtima, Sabina ndi Gelena anamwalira.
Udindo wa munthu wamkulu m'banjamo adalola kuti Lucevich kupewa gulu lankhondo. M'makalata a 1903 pali khadi ya Ivan, malinga ndi komwe amayenera kutumikira mumsasa wachiwiri wa Borisovsky County of the Coa-Sloboda Parishi. Anayenera kulowa gulu lankhondo mu 1916, kupita ku gulu lomanga msewu.
Mbiri ya ndakatuloyo siyingayitchedwe osavuta. Ngakhale ali mwana, Ivan adayenera kukhala ndi udindo kwa banja lonse. Anagwira ntchito pa chomera chodziwika bwino, kutsukidwa m'misewu, kumangidwa timatumba - adatengedwa kuti agwire ntchito iliyonse ya alongowo kukhala alongo ndi amayi.
Mu 1904, wamkulu wa Ivan wamvaly (Yanka) Angolanky adatsimikizira Bennagle kuti mwana wake ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wake. Munthuyo adalonjeza kusamalira banja la Lulsevian. Anasunga Mawu - anakwatira Mariya, Mlongo Ivan, ndipo anakhala mwini wathunthu wa nyumbayo. Ivan adasamukira ku mink, komwe ntchito yake yolemba idaphuka.
Mabuku ndi Mabuku
Ivan adayamba ntchito yake m'chinenerochi - mizere yoyamba idawonekera m'magazini "tirigu" mu 1903 pansi pa pseudonymk k,. Pa Julayi 15, 1904, ndakatulo yanyumba idasindikizidwa mu chilankhulo cha Chi Belarusi "cholowa changa", komanso chofalitsa cha m'mphepete mwa uthengawo ku Ulemerero ku Ulemerero.
Nthawi yomweyo, mawebusayiti oyamba azachilamulo mu chilankhulo cha ku Belariyo anali okhazikitsidwa ku Vilnius - "cholowa chathu" ndi "niva wathu". Mu buku lachiwiri mu 1907, ndakatulo ya "Kospo" idasindikizidwa, yomwe idadziwika kuti zokolola za Ivan, yomwe imadziwika kuti Yanu Kupala, ku Chisindikizo cha Nationa.
PseudNAMMNA YANKA Kupala Kupangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa belarusian wa dzina la Ivan ndi dzina la tchuthi. Malinga ndi zizindikiro, ngati duwa la fern, munthu amene wamupeza akumupeza akupeza chuma chauzimu ndi zinthu zathupi usiku ku Ivan Kupala. Lutsevic amafuna kukhala kwa owerenga ndi duwa losangalatsa ili.
Mu 1908, ndakatulo za wolemba Belarisasi wa achinyamata Belarusian adalumikizidwa muzopereka zopanga za "Dudochka". Bukulo linabweretsa mavuto oyamba ndi olamulira: Komiti ya Pestersburg pa Press Pression yazochitika za mkati inalengeza buku la Anti-State, lothodwa, ndipo Wolemba adamangidwa. Posakhalitsa wolemba ndakatulo anali womasuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo adachoka ku nyuzipepala ya nyuzipepala ya "mkamwa wathu", kuti asadziwe ulemu wa utsogoleriwo.
Petersburg anapemphera ndi Belariyo kukhala pachibwenzi ndi ndakatulo za ndakatulo zakhub kolas ndi Versov Bryakov. Bryosov ndiye wolemba ndakatulo woyamba yemwe adamasulira ndakatulo za nthabwala za ku Russia. Mu 1910, Yankho adatulutsa ndakatulo yachiwiri ya ndakatulo "Husar", kenako ndikulemba zokambirana. Kupala anaimirira pa chiyambi cha zotupa za Belariyo. Ndakatulo "Nyimbo Yamuyaya" ndi Sewerolo "Kugona ku Kurgan", kulembedwa m'chaka chomwecho, lembani za "Golk Goal Bope" ya luso laluso kwambiri la Belarus.
Peale weniweni amadziwika kuti ndi nthabwala "Pavlinka" (1912) za mtsikana yemwe wasankha kuti Mkwatibwi wotsutsa makolo. Udindo waukulu udachitika ndi muse yoyamba ya yankee peacockka adylka. Mu 1913, wolemba ndakatulo adalemba sewero la Autobiogragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragragulaged "za banja lokhudza banja, lomwe limataya katundu - nyumba ndi nthaka. YANKA Kupala adati:
"Ndidapanga bwino kwambiri pa seweroli, zomwe zinali ku ndakatulo yanga komanso prop."M'chaka chomwecho chopereka chachitatu cha ndakatulo za "Moyo Wokondedwa" "udatuluka. Kusowa kwa zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke zomwe zimathandizira pololeza Yanke kuti abwerere ku Niva yathu ya 1914 adatenga malo achief.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Soviet Union kunasintha verctor of ndakatulo. Chitsanzo chowala chinali chuma "chakuti" (1922). Amanena za munthu amene amayesa ndalama zawo zonse kuti azolowere kusintha kwa moyo wawo, koma kumachitika kuti athyoledwe. Malinga ndi aboma, ntchitoyi inali ndi mthunzi woyipa, ndipo mu 1927, seweroli linaletsedwa.
Mutu wazosintha udapezeka m'maneti onse a wolemba, mpaka nkhondo yayikulu yodzikonda. Chifukwa cha izi, ubale pakati pa Yankee, olamulira ndi ochita opaleshoni. Mu 1930, kusamvana kwafika ku Apogee. Mwamunayo adaimbidwa mlandu wakukonda dziko lako, zomwe zimatigwirizana ndi gulu la kumasulidwa kwadziko la Belarus. Kuvulala pafupipafupi ndi kufunsa kunakankhira wolemba ndakatulo kuti adziphe.
Pamadzi Lodzitika, popita kumutu wa Bombr, Alexander Cyaakov, Yanza Kupala analemba:
"Apanso, asanamwalire, ndikulengeza kuti sindikhala pachipembedzo chilichonse ndipo sichikhala. Zitha kuwoneka, gawo lotere la ndakatulo. Hinnin yodzikongoletsa yekha, manakovsky adadziwombera yekha, chabwino, ndipo ndili ndi njira yomwe iwo. "Kuyesa kudzipha, komwe kunachitika pa November 22, 1930, sanadalire bwino. Bellarus adakakamizidwa kufalitsa kalata yotseguka yomwe adavomereza kwa iye ndipo adalonjeza kuti sadzabwereza zolakwa zathu.
Pambuyo popepesa, aboma adachoka ku Yanke tawuniyi nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1939, wolemba ndakatuloyo adalandira dongosolo la Lenin, ndipo mu 1941, mphotho ya US Degr ine digiri ya mabuku, omwe amatchedwa Pretalist Premium adawonetsedwa. Zotolera "Kuchokera mu mtima" (1940) chinali chifukwa cholandirira.
Pazaka zankhondo, wolemba ndakatulo adadziwika chifukwa cha ndakatuloyo "Colarusian Courissians". Ntchitoyi idakhala nyimboyi idakhala nyimbo ya pansi panthambi, ndipo mizere yoyamba - "apipo, parsissis, ana a Belarisasi!" - idakhala ngati injini yoyimbira "Soviet Belarus".
Kuphatikiza pa kulemba, Yanka Kupala omasulira matembenuzidwe. Chifukwa cha iye, olemba 92 a olemba 36 adamveka mchilankhulo cha Belawarian, kuphatikizapo mawu okhudza gulu la igor, "wokwera wa mkuwa" Alexander Pushkin.
Moyo Wanu
Chopereka chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wanu komanso luso la Yankee Kupala Kupala adayambitsa chosungira chake choyambirira - Chi Belariwaan Fress Pavlin Vikentievna Madylka. Zikomo kwa iye, ndakatulo "Bomarovna" ndi "iye ndi ndakatulo" Alesya "," iye ndipo "iye ndi chikondi kuvekedwa korona ndi chikondi ..." ndi ena.
Achinyamata anakumana mu 1909. Luso la Peacock adakondwera ndi ndakatuloyo, motero adanenetsa kuti udindo waukulu womwe ukusewera "Pavlinka" adapatsidwa kwa iye. Ndipo wochita seweroli anakonda ma piston pijon: Pazithunzi zochepa ndi zojambula za ndakatuloyo zitha kuoneka kuti anali atavala singano, opotoza masharubu ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nzimbe.
Panalibe vuto pakati pa anthu olenga, anali odalirika. Komabe, kuyanja kwa maulendo ndi Vladislav Frantznaya Stankevich mu Januware 1916 kunasokonekera kosasangalatsa kwa peakock. Ukwati unabweretsedwa ku Moscow mu Nyanja Peter ndi Paul.
Yanka ndi Vladislav anakhala limodzi kwa zaka 26, analibe ana, ngakhale anafuna kuti atenge mtsikanayo.
Zaka 18 pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mwamuna wake, mkazi adakhala ndi kukumbukira kwamuyaya kwa wokondedwa wake. Pa Meyi 25, 1944, stankevich idatsegula State StateEEEEMUM yankee Kupala, yomwe imagwira ntchito tsopano.
Imfa
Imfa yadzidzidzi ya ndakatulo ya dziko la Belaus imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri, kuyambira momwe zinachitikira ndi kutha ndi chifukwa cha imfa. Pa June 1842, Yanke Kupala adayitanidwa ku Moscow. Paulendo, adakumana ndi abwenzi, omwe amatchedwa tsiku la 60, amachitira makeke.Pa Juni 28, malingana ndi a Mboni za m'nthawi ya anthu a m'nthawi yolenga, yomwe idachitikira ku Mosallow Hotel, ndi mawu akuti: "Ndili ndi mphindi." Pakapita kanthawi, kunachitika phokoso ku Tambbour, ndipo alendowo anatuluka m'chipindacho. Adapeza kuti Yanka Kupalag adagwa masitepe a masitepe kuchokera pansi 10 ndikugwa mpaka kufa. Pa wotchi inali 22:33.
Pali mitundu itatu yaimfa ya ndakatuloyo: Mwamwayi, kudzipha ndi kupha. Olemba mbiri ambiri amagwira mawu omaliza. Kumaso kwa tsokali, wolemba ndakatulo anali wosangalala, zopereka zake za ndakatulo za "mzinda wa Belarusian. (1942) adachita bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nsapato za mwamunayo zidangokhala pasitepe, zomwe adazitaya pomenya nkhondo. Tawonani a Mboni za imfa ya ndakatulo ndi mkazi wothawa.
Yanka Puppy Krable, zotsalira zowotchedwa pa manda a Vagnkovsky. Kuyambira 1962, manda ake amakhala a miniti yankhondo.
Polemekeza National National, mayunivesite, misewu, mabwalo, ma mitambo ndi malaibusaida dzina lake. Mu 1945, adapereka mendulo "yoteteza Moscow."
M'bali
Zophatikiza za ndakatulo:
- 1908 - "Dudochka" ("pemphero")
- 1910 - "Husar"
- 1913 - "Moyo Wokondedwa"
- 1922 - "Cholowa"
- 1925 - "Osatchulidwa"
- 1930 - "Maluwa"
- 1936 - "Nyimbo Zomanga"
- 1937 - "Belashian Belarus"
- 1940 - "Kuchokera mu Mtima"
- 1942 - "Oyang'anira a Belarusian"
Ndakatulo ndi ma sewero:
- 1908 - "Kodi chiyani?"
- 1910 - "Gona ku Kurgan"
- 1912 - "Pavlinka"
- 1913 - "chisa cha Rasky"
- 1913 - "Iye ndi Ine"
- 1922 - "wamba"