Chiphunzitso
"Konk-gorboon" ndi amodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ku Russia komanso gawo la malo opezeka ndi Soviet of the Syviet of Serviceration amagwira ntchito zaka za sukulu za pulayimale. Agogo athu ndi agogo athu anawerenga nthano iyi, adasiyana ndi pulogalamu ya sukulu ndikusintha. Chikondwerero cha Peter Ershov, "Atate" wa kavalo, hupppack, palibe chovuta kuposa mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi zofalitsa za nthano.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Peter Pavlovich Erphov adabadwa pa February 22, 1815 m'mudzi wa Bezrukovo Tobolk Province (tsopano gawo la Trumen dera). Mayi a ndakatulo yamtsogolo, Vutemy Vasailyna, adachokera ku banja la wamalonda. Abambo Palvel Alekseevich adagwira ntchito yokonza.
Ndili ndi ubwana, Petro anali wofooka kwambiri, ndipo Erphoovi anali kuopa moyo wake. Kusiya kutaya mtima, adaganizanso za chipembedzo cholankhula "chogulitsa" mwana: Mwana wopweteka "adapatsa" ndalama. Mwanayo, kumene, adatsala ndi makolo ake, ndipo munthu wosaukayo, monga amakhulupirira, adadwala ndi Iye.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wa ntchito ya abambo, banja nthawi zambiri limasunthidwa, ndipo zaka 8 zoyambirira za ndakatulo zimakhala ku Omsk ndi pepropavlovsk. Kenako, mu 1924, bambo ake anatumiza Petro ndi mchimwene wake Nicholas ku Tobolk, kotero kuti ana aamunawo anaphunzitsidwa bwino ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, kwa nthawi yayitali, anyamatawa amayenera kuti azikhala momasuka kwa makolo awo, a amalume a amalume, wamalonda wa Nikolai Stesatovich Pilenkov. Iye, munthu wolemera ndi Patron, anali wa adzukulu abwino kwambiri.
Munthu wina amene adachita nawo moyo wa Peter anali mkulu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi a Ivan Medeleev, bambo wa Great ketmeleev. Pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake Ershov anakhala abwenzi ndipo mpaka anapatsa ana ake omupha kuti amukwatiwe.
Nditamaliza maphunzirowa ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, abale Erphov anapitiliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ya St. Petersburg, monga momwe Atate adatumidwa ku likulu. Pambuyo pake, Petro adalandira maphunziro apamwamba m'masiku 20, ngakhale anali osagwirizana: atamasulidwa, sanadziwe chilankhulo chimodzi chakunja, ngakhale adaphunzirapo zachikhalidwe komanso zachiwerewere.
Chilengedwa
"Konk-gorboon," Yemwe adabweretsa Peter kutchuka adalembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo wachichepere wazaka za wophunzira. Poyamba, ku St. Petersburg, zinali zovuta kwa mnyamatayo: ku likulu, kolera busheva, anthu akumanga. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti chidwi cha iyal.
Kenako adakumana ndi lingaliro la mbiriyakale, munthu wamkulu wa omwe angakhale osauka komanso osauka. Gawo la ndakatulo la "konk-gorbok" lomwe lapezeka, chifukwa cha Peter Alexandrovich Cetnev, yunivesite ya mabuku aku Russia ndi Pulofesa wa ku Russia. Anaonetsa wophunzira ku Jeryeav ya nthano ya Junshov Alergeevich Puspnin, ndipo wolemba wa Novice pamapeto pake adasankha njira yokongola ya chiwembucho komanso ndakatulo.
Pamene "Konk-gorbok" adamalizidwa, Petro adapatsa ndakatulo ku Khoti ku Alexander Pushin ndi nthochi zhukovsky, yemwe adayandikira kuti aphunzire. Zovuta zake zidapangitsa kuti kuvomerezedwa ndi kandachikwa, ndipo Puspkin adanena kuti Skate-gooon, sakanakhalanso ndi nkhawa za mtundu wokongola ndikusiyira njira iyi.
Pambuyo pake, gawo lokhala ndi nthano chabe, Yershov, adawerengedwa kuchokera ku Dodi la University, kenako kachidutswa kena ka "Skate ..." Wosindikizidwa mu Jource Journal "kwa 1834. Kupambana kunapangitsa kuti mu Okutobala 1834 nthanoyi idasindikizidwa kwathunthu. Buku la Horbuut la Peter Yerhova linagulitsidwa pamtengo wa ma ruble 5 pa kope.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, Petulo adapeza bwino - kusindikiza, gawo loyamba la "wakale" linaperekedwa, ma ballads "ku Siberian Clock", kenako yachiwiri. Ntchitoyi idachita bwino kwambiri: M'zaka za m'ma 1840, "zabwino" zinakhala nyimbo ya kachitidwe ka 2 ku Siberia Compack. Sanaiwale "Chibwaso cha Siberi" ndipo pambuyo pake - popanga nyimbo zambiri ndi oimba anachita mbiri yakale kwambiri, kuphatikiza nadezhda babkin.
Kupambana kwa "Skate-Gobink" adatsegula chitseko kwa wolemba wachinyamata kwa anthu olenga a St. Petersburg. Peter adayamba kupita kumisonkhano ya olemba, kudziwidwa ndi anzawo pantchitoyo ndipo adaganiza kuti ntchito yake idzalemba ntchito.
Komabe, ndi chiwawa ndipo, mwina, ubwana womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chigawochi, Erphov adalephera kuwunika ubale wambiri wa mabuku omwe ali ndi zochitika zandale ku Boma. Zotsatira zake, boma lidawona kuti ndi kusalemekeza mphamvu yachifumu ku "Skate-Surbunske", ndipo bukulo lidaletsedwa kuti lifalitsidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale atatchuka kwambiri ndi nthano za nthano, adasindikizidwa "Skate ..." Pokhapokha mu 1856, mutasintha mfumu.
Chosangalatsa: Chithunzi cha OPala adapita, Peter Pavlovich mu 1857 zidapezeka kuti zikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa anthu oyenera kukhulupirira boma. Kuphatikiza apo, wolemba ngati wokoma mtima, wanzeru komanso woonamtima wodziwika mmenemo. Otsutsa adati: adayamwa kwambiri: adamtamandidwa, ndi kupemphera. Pakati pa anthu omwe "Konk-gorbok" adalephera kulawa, anali akudzudzuli, yemwe adagonjetsa ntchito ya wolemba m'nkhani yake.
M'tsogolomu, pamunda wa m'mundamo, Erphov adadziyesera ku Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: adalemba ndakatulo zingapo zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ntchito komanso ntchito zazikulu. Komabe, kupambana kwa "Skate ..." Sakanakhoza kubwereza zomwe adachita pambuyo pake. Ma ndakatulo a Petra anali achiwiri komanso ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino sanayambitse owerenga ndakatulo omwe adawononga ndakatulo ya azaka zagolide, alibe chidwi ndi zomwe zili.
Wolemba ndakatuloyo anayesa kubwerera ku "mtundu wa anthu" ndipo analemba ndakatulo ya Ivan-Tsarevich. Koma chifukwa cha ntchitoyi m'gulu la Erhova sanakonde, ndipo anawononga zolemba pamanja. Komanso, Peter anayesa kulemba liketto ku Opera ndi nkhani yooneka bwino "lupanga lowopsa". Ntchitoyi idachita bwino kwambiri, koma pakuwala kwa iyo sizinadziwitse - The Opera Fiste Mikhals Glinka "moyo wa mfumuyo" adapanga ntchito ya Yershov Wosafunikira.
Moyo Wanu
Bizinesi ya Peter Pachlovich, yakunja yakunja, sizinali zophweka. Pakati pa 1830s, mnyamatayo ananyamuka atachoka ku likulu: Iye anayamba kumwalira m'bale wake, pamenepo - Atate, ndi winayo amayenera kutenga mayi pa chisamaliro. Erphov adabwereranso ku Tobolsk, komwe adalandira positi ya aphunzitsi tobolsk masewera. Poyamba, Peter adakonza kuti akhale mphunzitsi wa mawu, koma izi sizinapezeke. Chifukwa chake, ndidayenera kuphunzitsa Theottist Latin, yemwe adatero yekhayo Petro yemwe sanakonde konse.
Amayi atamwalira, bambo adaganiza zobwerera ku St. Petersburg, koma momwe zinthu zimalowererapo: Peter adayamba kukonda. Mkazi wamasiyeyo adakhala wamasiye wa Serafim Leshchev, yemwe anali kale ana anayi. Ukwatiwu unati zaka 5, kenako mkaziyo adamwalira pobereka. Erdav adakwatirana ndi Olimpiki a Kuzmin, koma ukwatiwu udatha mu 1853 chifukwa cha imfa ya wokwatirana naye.
Ovdov mobwerezabwereza, Peter Pavlovich sanataye chiyembekezo kuti apeze chisangalalo m'moyo wake, ndipo pamapeto pake adatha. Wolemba wachitatu, wolemba wa Elena Cherkis anakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Onse, ana 15 adabadwa m'mabanja, ana 15 obadwa, koma ambiri asanakhale ndi moyo.
Ntchito ya Peter Pavlovich ngati mphunzitsi, ngakhale kuti sindingakonde Chilatini, zidachita bwino. Pambuyo pa ntchito 8 yantchito, adayamba kuyendera masewera olimbitsa thupi a Tobols, ndipo atakhala zaka 21 adatumikira asanafike positi.
Ntchito ya ErHhov idalipira nthawi yambiri ndikusamalira masewera olimbitsa thupi, Peter Pavlovich adakhazikitsa masukulu angapo atsopano, kuphatikiza mabungwe ophunzitsira azimayi osowa nthawi imeneyo. Analembanso nkhani pamutu wocheperako, unayambitsa bungwe la zisudzo m'bwalo la masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa ndani amalembakha.
Imfa
Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa Peter Pavlovich sikudziwika. Asanachitike, zomwe zidangofika kumene zidafikira kuti munthu wazaka zomaliza adamva kudwala matenda, pomwe madzi ambiri amadziunjikira m'mimba. Ngakhale panali zowawa zopweteka, Erphov anali atakhalabe wogwira ntchito komanso wamphamvu.
Peter Pavlovich Erhov adamwalira pa Ogasiti 18, 1869 ku Tobolk. Manda a ndakatulo ali pafupi ndi manda akomweko. Pampikisano pali cholembedwa, chomwe chimati pansi pa icho ndi wolemba nthano "konkbok".
Pambuyo paimfa, kuzindikira za chiyero cha Erphov kunadzakhala kwakukulu kuposa m'moyo. Pomulemekeza, misewu ku Tobolsk ndi Isima, ndi mudzi wandale ku Bezrukovo Retand Erphovo mu 1960. Peter Pavlovich Khazikitsani Zipilala ziwiri ndi zotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kudziwa lingaliro la wolemba chifukwa cha zojambula zingapo zomwe zimagwidwa m'moyo.
M'bali
- 1834 - "Konk-gorbok"
- 1834 - "Chizindikiro cha Siberia"