Mbiri Yodziwika
Achinyamata achichepere aliyense amakhala ndi moyo pachilichonse. Ndipo ngakhale zovuta m'moyo wa ngwazi zimakhala ndi mthunzi wokongola - pambuyo pa zonse, kusankha kofunika kwa wachinyamata kudali ndi ma troll, mfiti ndi butgore. Mphepo yamkuntho ndiyofunikira kuti musasokonezedwe ndi halst yloe yachinsinsi ndikupanga chisankho choyenera.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Henrik Ibsen - Wolemba amasewerera zokhudzana ndi Pere Günta - adayamba kugwira ntchito yovuta komanso yodzaza ndi chiwembu cha mu 1867. Analandira wolemba akatswiri ndipo anasamukira ku Italy kuti adzipulumutse kuti agwire ntchito yatsopano. Kale mu Okutobala, ibsen akuti kusewera kwatsala pang'ono kumaliza:
"Ndakatulo" kapena chimfine "zimatchedwa - malinga ndi munthu wamkulu wochita, yemwe amatha kuwerengedwa za asbiirnsen. Ndi ndakatulo yanga, sindinapeze chofunikira kwambiri, koma kuti ndikadalamulira nkhaniyi. "
Kubukiza kwa Mbamba zaluso sikunakhale kosangalatsa. Chifukwa cha kumasulira kwaulere kwa mayiko, okhala ku Norway ndi Denmark adazindikira ndakatuloyo molakwika. Ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, pofunsidwa ndi abwenzi, Ibsen adapanga Librettto, yomwe idakhala ngati maziko a nyimbo. M'nyengo yozizira, wazaka 1874, wolemba adatembenukira m'kalata yopita ku Womes Edard Griega:
"Chinthucho ndichomwe. Ndikufuna kuzolowera zojambulazo "pa Gunta", womwe udzatuluke polemba lachitatu. Kodi mukuvomera kulemba nyimbo zofunikira pa seweroli? Ndikukusonyezani mwachidule momwe ndimaganizira kuti musinthe. "
Nyimbo zasintha chithunzi cha chiwembucho, ngakhale kuti ntchitoyo yakhala ya sutiyo yakhala yoyesa mayeso. Ntchito yolumikizirana ya Griga ndi Ibsen idapitilira pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, koma zotsatira zake zidapitilira ziyembekezo zonse. Kupangidwa "m'phanga la Mfumu yamapiri" kunali woyenera kutamandidwa mwapadera, ntchito yomwe Mlengi adatopa:
"Ndikumvera nyimboyi m'njira yeniyeni, yalowa ndi zikopa za ng'ombe", "kukhala zathu"! Komabe, ndikhulupirira kuti kung'ung'udza kumamvekanso kudzera mwa Iwo. "Zoyembekeza za Migra zinali zolondola - wowonera adagwira chipongwe. "Mtsogoleri" amalemekeza mayina a aja omweyo, kukhala zopanga nyimbo zonena za kudzipangitsa komanso kukhazikitsa zochita.
Puloti
Mnyamatayo wotchedwa Mernents ku Frent amakhala m'mudzi wa ku Norlygian limodzi ndi amayi ake. Abambo a ngwazi ndi omwe kale anali amalonda omwe adamwalira ndikuponya banja lake. Mnyamata amadziwika ndi zongopeka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwera kusintha. Anthu okhala mderalo sakonda ngwazi - mayi wa Gunty nawonso ngati atsikana ndipo ndi osiyana.
Kuukira kwa madotolo kumakupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi ukwati wa wokhala m'mudzi wanyumba. Kuledzera Mowa ndi Chikhumbo cha Advereure Galu Mnyamata Wamnyamata Mutu. Kuchita zinthu patha kumathandizira mtsikanayo dzina lake Falleig, ndipo atapatsidwa mphamvu, kuba mkwatibwi wa munthu wina.
Mnyamata wokongola wofulumira amadziwa kupusa kwa mchitidwewo ndipo amalola kuti akhale wochita zoipa. Kuyimba Kufunafuna, Mnyamatayo wabisidwa m'nkhalango yakomweko, pomwe zodabwitsa zimayamba ndi ngwazi. Kuyendayenda pakati pa mitengo, munthu aliyense amakumana ndi mayi wina wobiriwira. Atalankhula ndi mlendo wokongola kuyandikira, mnyamatayo amva kuti patsogolo pake, mwana wamkazi wa kudzudzulidwa mfumu - AMBUYE wa kuthengo.
Monga azimayi ambiri omwe amakumana pachiwopsezo, mayi wina wobiriwira wobiriwira amakhala wopanda chidwi ndi mnyamata wokongola. Kukongola kumapereka ngwazi kwa abambo ake, omwe amapereka kukwatiwa ndi mwana wawo wamkazi. Zowona, pamiyambo yakomweko, chimfine sichichoka m'nkhalango ndikupangitsa munthu kukhala wovuta - gulu la nkhalango limodzi lokha ndi lomwe limangovomereza mlendo.
Sadrod wokonda chikondi, mnyamatayo safuna kutsatira malamulo a aliyense. Malingaliro awa amakhumudwitsa nzika za Mfumu. Kuchokera pamagazi a cholembera ya cholembera, akupulumutsa kunenedwa kwa belu la mpingo.
Amayi a unyamata ndi sunweim apeza ngwazi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Akazi adabweretsa mbiri yoyipa - adalengezedwa chifukwa cha chinyengo paukwati. Chokhacho chomwe chotsalira chotsalira cha wachinyamata ndikukhala kuthengo. Mnyamatayo amatengedwa kuti akange nyumba yatsopano.
Ndi kubwera kwa nthawi yozizira, nthenga za Gunta zatha. Kuzolowera kusungulumwa, Balagen amakhala mwamtendere tsiku lililonse popanda chiyembekezo kuti akwaniritsenso chisangalalo ndi amayi ake. Koma lingaliro losayembekezereka la Desig limabweretsa chiyembekezo cha nthenga: mtsikana yemwe amasangalatsidwa ndi ngwaziyo amasiyira nyumbayo kuti akhazikike ndi wokondedwa m'nkhalango.
Posachedwa pafupi ndi nyumba yatsopanoyo, m'mphepete, mayiyo akukumana ndi wachikale. Mzimayi wina wobzala wobiriwira amadziwitsa nkhani zosangalatsa - Mwana wake wamwamuna adabadwa, ndipo banja liyenera kuchitiranso. Mnyamata wina pakusokonezeka ndipo sakudziwa momwe angadziwitse mbiri ya wokondedwa wake. Njira yokhayo yomwe ngwazi imawona ndikuchoka kutchire.
Asanayambe kupita kudziko lina, munthu aliyense amachezera mayi. Mkazi wokalamba yemwe amakhala m'miyezi yapitayi mu umphawi, amwalira. Kamodzi munthu wachimwemwe ndipo Balagen amamvetsetsa kuti ndi amene amangoyambitsa mavuto.
Pambuyo pazaka zambiri pambuyo pake, tsogolo lidasiya ngwazi ku Morocco. Pa nthawi yapitayi, munthu aliyense ndi wokhwima, amakhala ndi ndalama ndipo anapeza abwenzi ambiri. Polandila misonkhano yachuma ya Bachelor ndi malo ochezeka, pomwe bambo wopanda chipongwe amafotokoza momwe boma limapezera. Mkulu wina aliyense amayenda kwambiri, akuchita zabodza komanso kugulitsa akapolo.
Bizinesi yotsatira ya ngwazi ikugulitsa zida ndi zigawenga kuchokera ku Greece. Koma abwenzi a Pira Gantacchira yt olemera, akugwetsa munthu pachilumba chosadziwika. Zowona, kusiya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, sitimayo imaphulika, kotero palibe zifukwa zoyipa.
Kuti afike kumalo okhala, Peru ayenera kukhala ophatikizidwa mu gulu la anyani, kugonjetsa shuga ndipo ngakhale adayendetsa cache ya mavorase am'deralo. Zotsatira zake, bamboyo atakhala ku East, pomwe mwa kusamvetsetsana kwa mneneriyu.
Njira yakunyumba imayenda kudutsa ku Egypt, komwe aliyense amangomaliza ndi mapiramidi okha ndi sphinx, komanso ndi anthu okhala mnyumba yamisala, pomwe woyendali amalalikira. Kubwera kwa ngwazi yaulemu kumapitilira kwa zaka zambiri. Mwamuna wachikulireyu abwerera kudziko lakwawo - kumudzi kumene kunabadwira ndikukula.
Kugulitsa katundu wotsalira, bambo amakumana ndi batani. Wina watsopanoyo ali ndi chidaliro kuti: kapena chimfine chidzafa posachedwa, ndipo mzimu wa ngwazi udzagundika pa batani. Ambiri a omwe akuyang'anitsitsa ngwaziyo sanali woyeneranso mwayi wachiwiri, chifukwa, ngakhale atakhala, mwana wa wamasiye sanapeze umunthu wake. Pa moyo wonse, woperewera pa moyo wangodziwa zambiri zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizinakhale pachibwenzi chilichonse.
Pambuyo poika malo osungira kuchokera ku batani, pa Günt mu mantha akuyang'ana njira yothetsera. Mwamuna amadzutsa chibwenzi chakale, kukankha anzawo ndi adani, koma sapeza zosankha. Mwangozi, ndi nyumba yamatabwa m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, chimfine tikudziwa kuti tanthauzo la moyo wake lili pano, pafupi kuti lizikhala nayo kukakumana ndi anthu odziwika bwino ngati amenewo. Chabwino, batani lakhutitsidwa. Imalola kuti ngwazi yokalambayo kusangalala ndi kusangalatsa ndi kulonjeza kukakumana ndi Gunta panjira yotsatira.
Kutchinga
Ngakhale kuti ndakatulo ya Ibsen idatchuka ngati ntchito ya nyimbo, mu 1919 wotsogolera Viktovsky adavula filimuyo yomwe idaperekedwa kwa mnyamata waku Norway. Udindo wa nthenga Guanta adasewera sewero a Heinz zalz zida.
Mu 1934, filimu ina yaku Germany idasindikizidwa. Nthawi ino mkhalidwe waukulu udalumikizidwa ndi Hans Asbers.
Mu 1941, wolemba nyama waku Norwayyo anayesa kuzenera, wamkulu waku America David Bradley anayesa. Kinongortina samasiya choyambirira, kotero pali ochita masewera onse omwe ali mufilimuyi. Udindo wa cholembera chidachita Chartin Heston.
Mu 2006, Prifiere wa filimuyo "Ponena" pa filimu "idachitika, komwe wosewera Robert Stadobert adakwaniritsa gawo lalikulu. Zochitika zimasamutsidwa ku Makono, koma kudzipereka kwenikweni. Zithunzi zambiri zimachotsedwa pagombe lopanda kanthu, pomwe ngwazi imapangitsa kuti akhale komweko.
Zosangalatsa
- Mu 2011, wotsogolera Mark Zakhav adawonetsa kutanthauzira kwake koyenera kwa cholembera. Matikiti a Premiere adagulidwa m'maola ochepa.
- Kutengera ndakatulo ya Ibsen, mafilimu oposa 12 ndi katoni 2 adazijambula.
- Ku Norway mumzinda wa Oslo, pali malo ofeseka a cholembera.