Chiphunzitso
Mustispov rostrovovich - wochititsa ku Russia ndi wopanga, luso la anthu komanso chiwerengero chodziwika mu nyimbo za zana la makumi awiri. Zowonjezera za mitengo yosiyanasiyana, luso la anthu ku USSR ndi wokwatirana wa Galina Vishnevskaya.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
MstiSlav Rostropovich - Native baku. Wolemba nyimboyo adabadwa pa Marichi 27, 1927. Makolo ake anali pachiyanjano ndi luso la zojambula: Atate Leoprol Rostropovich anali wochita khungu, ndipo amayi ake Sophia Rostrovovich - piyano. Pofika zaka 4, mnyamatayo adasewera piyano, podziyimira pawokha amalemba nyimbo ndi kunyamula zomwe zikuchitikazo. Mu 8, adaphunzira kusewera Cello. Mphunzitsi woyamba wa chibwenzi wachinyamata anali Atate.
Mu 1932, banjali linachoka ku Baku kupita ku Moscow. Pofika zaka 7, a Mstislav adayamba kuphunzira pasukulu ya nyimbo. A Ginesins, momwe adawafotokozera abambo ake. Ali mwana, mnyamatayo adatsata abambo ake, ndikusintha mabungwe ophunzitsira, kotero mu 1937 onse oimba adasamukira ku sukulu ya Sverdlovskyky. Konsati yobowola idachitika munthawi yomweyo. MSTislav adachita pa siteji yophatikizidwa ndi Symphony Orchestra, pochita batch yayikulu kuchokera kuntchito ya Camille Saint-Sansaa.
Atalandira maphunziro achiwiri, Rostropovich adalowa sukulu ku Conservatory. Tchaikovsky. Loto la wachinyamata linali kupanga nyimbo. Koma nkhondoyo inali cholepheretsa kukhazikika. Banja lidasamutsidwa ku Oreleburg, kenako kuvala dzina la chkov. Ali ndi zaka 14, mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzira njanji komanso sukulu ya nyimbo, komwe amaphunzitsa Atate wake. Pano Rostropovovich adapanga makonsati oyamba.
Pambuyo pake, wachinyamata wina atakhazikika munyumba ya opera, komwe adayamba kulemba ma piano ndi Cello ndi thandizo ndi kuphunzitsa kwa mikail slulaki. Mu 1942, woimba wachichepereyo adasaka membala wa konsatiyo, komwe adayimilira ngati wolemba nkhani ndi wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zolankhula zimayambitsa kukonzanso. Kukhala pachibwenzi kunapangitsa omvera, otsutsa ndi atolatoni omwe anali ndi kukoma kwa chikhalidwe, nyimbo za rostropovich.
Mu 1943, olemba banja la oimbawo adabweranso ku Moscow, ndi Mstislav adayambiranso maphunziro kusukulu pa Conservatory. Khama ndi zoyesayesa zomwezo sizinatchulidwe aphunzitsi omwe anasamutsa mnyamatayo kuchokera pa 2nd pa 5.
Mu 1946, Rostropovich adalandira dipuloma ndi ulemu pazomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri: wopanga ma cell. The Cstislav adalembetsa sukulu yomaliza maphunziro, ndipo amamaliza maphunziro ake, adakhala mphunzitsi wa Colorvatories ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. Kwa zaka 26, kulera a Ivan Monigreti, Natalia Shakhovskaya, Natalia Shakhovskaya, Natalia Gutman, David Gundasi ndi oimba ena.
Nyimbo
Hafu yachiwiri ya 1940s idalembedwa chifukwa cha rostrovovovich ku Kiev, minsk ndi Moscow. Kupambana mu mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi kunapambana komanso kutchuka. Anakhala otetezedwa pofunafuna alendo m'mizinda yaku Europe ndi maiko osiyanasiyana adziko lapansi. Kuzindikiridwa kwanyengo kwaimbayo kunabwera mwachangu.
Rostropovovich adafunafuna kudzilimbitsa. Pokambirana, woimbayo nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi nthawi imeneyi pantchito yochita bwino "yomwe imafuna kusewera bwino." Monga wopanga ndi wojambula, matenda a MSTislav adaphunzira zambiri, matanthauzidwe a ma cellular ndi opanga ndi ojambula awo.
Chikondwerero cha "Puloguri wa Kingtorbovich" cha 1955 chinachitenga paonezekera ndi woyimba wa Opera Galine Glinavskaya. Awiriwa nthawi zambiri amachitidwa limodzi: Galina adaimbira mogwirizana ndi matenda a Crislav. Wolemba nyimboyo anachitanso m'chipindacho akugwirizana ndi David Tavoloslav Verterter. Mu 1957, a Rostrovoovich anapangidwa ngati wochititsa, atagwira mtsogolo "eugene" mu bwalo la bolshoi. Magwiridwewo anakhudzidwa ndi ukwati ndipo anabweretsa kupambana kovuta.
MstiSlav Leopoldovich anali wofunikira kwambiri. Mphamvu zowonjezera komanso kufunitsitsa kukhazikitsa chilichonse chokakamizidwa kuphatikiza zochitika zoyenda ndi zojambulazo, zojambula ndi kulemba zatsopano. Maestro anali ndi malingaliro ake pa chilichonse chomwe chinachitika m'malo mwa nyimbo, ndipo anali ndi malingaliro ake okhudzana ndi zochitika zandale mdziko muno. Sanasiye mwayi wolankhula ponena za nthawi yomwe amamudalira.
Mu 1989, a Cstislav Leopolwovich adalankhula ndi sutiyo, ndikuzikwaniritsa pa chida chake chochokera ku Berlin Khoma. Wolembayo analimbikira kuzunzidwa kwa Anna Akhmatova, a Joseph Brodsky, Alexander Sozhenitsnn. Komaliza adapatsanso malo ake a Dacha. Zochita za rostropovich zinayambitsa kusakhutira ndi kukakamizidwa ndi boma.
Kusayina kwa apilo ku Council yayikulu ya USSR yokhudza akatswiri a akaidi ndi kuthekera kwa chindapusa cha kuphedwa mu 1972 kudandaula woimbayo wa ntchitoyo m'mabwato a Bolshoi. Analetsedwa ndi maulendo akunja. Rostropovich ndi Vishnevskaya sanayikenso mainchesi oimba.
MstiSlav Leopoldovich adapeza chiphaso cha Visa ndipo ndi banja lake adachoka ku Ussr, atachoka ku United States. Pambuyo 4 zaka, wokwatirana naye adachotsa nzika za USSR pa antipatrism. Nthawi imeneyi inali yovuta kwa wovota. Panalibe zogwirira ntchito poyamba. Pang'onopang'ono, adayamba kupereka makonsati ndipo adalandira udindo wa zamatsenga mu Washington Symphony Orchestra.
Pambuyo paumoyo wa zaka 16 zakunja, worstropovich anali wopanga, wochititsa komanso wochititsane naye, adazindikira padziko lonse lapansi. Boma la Ussr lidachedwa kuperekedwa kwa iye ndi Vishnevian kubwerera kwa nzika kukhala nzika, koma nzika zimachitika "nzika za dziko lapansi", ndipo chizindikiro ichi chinali chophiphiritsa kwa iwo.
Kwa rostropovich ndi Vishnevskaya, zitseko zinatsegulidwa m'maiko onse. Anachita ku Moscow pamunda ndi mizinda ina. Thichch 1991 adakakamiza munthu kutenga nawo mbali m'tsogolomu. Anathandizira mwamphamvu kuti asinthane. Mu 1993, woimba ndi banja lake anasamukira ku St. Petersburg.
Kutsogolo kwa MSTislav Rostropovich inali yayikulu. Anachita moyenerera komanso m'kupita kwa m'kuwa, adagwira ntchito ndi symphony orchestra ndipo anali wochititsa opareshoni. Iko kunali kuyang'ana kwambiri za nyimbo zonse. Olemba oposa 60 adalembera amamupatsa ntchito, akuganiza kuti maestro angakwaniritse. Rostropovich anali woyamba amene anachita ntchito zoposa 100 cello ndipo anagwira ma premieres 70 ndi orchestra. Chida chaimbayi chimamveka pazinthu zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Rostropovich adachitidwa kuti "mayi" wopangidwa ku United States, "mkwatibwi" wa Tsaristist "ku Monaco," donal Macbeth "ku Germany ku Moscow. Wojambulayo nawonso adalemba makonsati a wailesi. Kuti akhale a Maestro, a Sbelinist ndi mphotho ya Lenin adawonetsedwa. Mu 1966, Rostropovich idakhala zojambula za anthu za USSR. MstiSlav Leopoldovich - mwini wa mandimu asanu ". Mu 2003, mphothoyo idaperekedwa "kwa ntchito yapaderayi."
Moyo Wanu
Kudziwana ndi Galina Vishnevskaya kunasintha moyo wa mstislav rostrovovich. Anakumana ndi maluso amodzi omwe ojambulawo, mwachizolowezi, anali otopa kwambiri ndi akazi ndi akazi osweka. Poona Galina, Grislav sanachoke kwa iye usiku wonse, akuchititsa. Kenako anatsagana ndi ulendo ku Prague, kuyesetsa kugonjetsa kukongola kwa manja. Mwamunayo anali ndi zaka 28, koma osakwanira mawonekedwewo, magalasi akuluakulu ndi kuwonekera kwa unyamata wa lysin kukakamizidwa ku zovuta.
Vishnevskaya nthawi imeneyo adawala kwina ndipo anali pachinthu chaulemelero. Rostropovich adagonjetsa mtima wake ndi machitidwe, chidwi ndi luntha. Wopanga adafunsa wojambulayo kuti akhale mkazi wake masiku 4 atatha chibwenzi. Vishnevskaya analefukira ndi mkazi wake Markssi kukakhala naye.
Okwatirana, banja limakhala ndi banja kwakanthawi ndi banja la Mstislava, koma posakhalitsa anapeza nyumba yake. Moyo wa Rostropovich unakondwera: Mu 1956, wokwatirana naye anabereka mwana wamkazi wa Olga. Woyikirayo anali wokonzeka kuyika dziko lonse ku miyendo ya Galina, kupereka miseche, mizimu ndi zodabwitsa zina.
Mphatso zomwe wopepanga adabwera ndiulendo wopita ku England, komwe adasunga ndalama kuti akondweretse okondedwa wake, chifukwa gawo la ndalama zake lidayenera kuperekedwa ku Embassy ya Soviet. Moyo wa wovotayo adatsutsa malamulo omwe boma lidatsuka. Nthawi ina adagula malaya achinsinsi aku China ndikumuswa pa ofesi ya kazembe, yopereka kukagawana zidutswa "zanga" ndi "zanu."
Mu 1958, mwana wamkazi wachiwiri adawonekera. Atate amateteza akazi ake. Anachita nawo nyimbo ndi nyimbo ndipo ankatha nthawi yake yonse yaulere kudyera. Banja Idyll adaphwanya kusamukira ku United States. Banja lidakumana ndi kusowa kwa ndalama, wopanga ndi ndale.
Komabe, moyo watsopanoyo unakhala wolemera komanso waukwati. Rostropovich adayamba kukhala knight of dongosolo la ufumu wa Britain, adalandira dongosolo la Legion yolemekezeka kuchokera ku France ndi Groed ya mkuluyo kuti abwerere ku Germany. Magulu achi Japan a arts adapereka wochititsa chidwi kulandira mphotho yamfumu yoyimira, USA - membala wa Purezidenti, ndi Sweden - dongosolo la nyenyezi ya polar.
Kubwerera ku Russia, Rostropovich, kale, ufulu wa anthu komanso munthu wapagulu, sanawonetse gawo ndi zisudzo. Madyerero a Patwas omwe amakonda kumvera ana omwe ali m'masukulu wamba, amagwirizana ndi chithunzi chomwe mafani, sanakane zopempha zilizonse. Kwa woimba, kunalibe kusiyana pamaso pa mayiko omwe amasiya zowona za biography - amasamalira chilichonse chomwe chimamvetsetsa komanso ulemu.
Imfa
Mu 2007, thanzi la mattro linaipiraipira. Anali kuchipatala kangapo. Madokotala adapeza chotupa cha chiwindi. Opaleshoniyo idachitika, zomwe zikulonjezedwa, koma zomwe zidamufooketsa sizinafulumitse kuti achire.
Pa Epulo 27, 2007, woimbayo waluso sanatero. Choyambitsa Imfa chinali matenda ovutika komanso zotsatira zakukonzanso. Mpaka mphindi yomaliza, achibale ndi anthu oyandikira anali ndi Iye.
Kukumbuka
Imfa ya MstiSlav Rostropovich sanataye kukula kwa ntchito zomwe adakhalako. Mabwenzi apamwamba ndi omwe amadziwana amathandizira atayamba ndi iye m'moyo. Chifukwa chake, sukulu mu 2004 ku Valencia imagwira ntchito ndipo tsopano. Pokumbukira wopatsayo, chikondwererochi cha achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito, chotchedwa ulemu wake.
Wojambulayo adakhazikitsa thumba lomwe limathandizira ophunzira omwe ali ndi zida ndi maphunziro. Masiku ano, mtsogoleri wakeyo ndi mwana wamkazi wa Olga. "Vishnevskaya rostrovovich zogwirizanitsa ndi zopereka za oimba pakukula kwa chakudya, zomwe zimathandizira mwana wamkazi wa Elena.
Mu Moscow, munjira ya bryodov, chipilala chokhazikitsidwa. Polemekeza woimba wodziwika mabungwe angapo ophunzitsa ku Russia atchulidwa.
Mphotho ndi maudindo
- 1951 - Stelinsky Degree II mphotho
- 1955 - wojambula ulemu wa RSFSR
- 1964 - Mphoto Lenin
- 1964 - Wojambula wa anthu a RSFSR
- 1966 - Wojambula wa anthu a USSR
- 1991 - Mphotho yaboma ya RSFSR idadziwika pambuyo pa M. I. Slinka
- 1995 - Mphoto ya boma ya Russian Federation