Chiphunzitso
Wolemba Chingelezi a Mary Broge anakhala wotchuka kwambiri ngati Mlengi wa bukuli "Frankenstein, kapena promereraus amakono." Mbiri yake ndiyofanana ndi chilombo Dr. Viktor Frankenstein: Wotengedwa nthawi yachimwemwe, mavuto achisoni ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni. Uyu ndi mayi amene anaika mwamuna wake (wolemba ndakatulo a Peri la Bery), abambo ndi amayi, ana anayi ndi alongo awiri, koma mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa luso ndi talente.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A Nee Mary Walstonkroft Godwin adabadwa pa Ogasiti 30, 1797 ku London ku London mu Union of Wandale William Golwin ndi mankhwala otchuka a Mary Walstopyft. Banja lidakwezedwanso ndi mwana wamkazi wa Mariya kuchokera paukwati woyamba ndi wopereka zamalonda Gilbert Wece - FAVNI ENA (1794).
Patangomera matenda a Mariya, mayiyo anamwalira ndi ulonda wa intrautero, ndipo anawo anakhalabe oyang'anira Wedin. Anali ndi ngongole. Kukhumudwa sikungakhale ndi ana aakazi awiri, William anathamangira kukafunafuna mkaziyo.
Mu Disembala 1801, Mulungu wa kukwatiwa ndi Mulungu Claromont, mkazi wophunzitsidwa bwino ndi ana awiri - Charles ndi Claire. Anzanu ambiri a William sanakonde mkazi watsopanoyo, amamuwona ngati wofulumira komanso wosakwiya. Ubale ndi mayi wopeza ndi Mary sanapangidwe: Clarmonmont adabweretsa ana ake achibadwa okha, osalabadira ana aakazi a Mulungu.
Ukwati sunasinthe zachuma mkhalidwe wa banja: William adatenga ngongole zatsopano kulipira akale. Umphawi sunalolere kwa Maphunziro athunthu. Abambo adatsogolera ana aakazi kuti aphunzitse zomwe zikuphunzitsidwa, adalola mabuku ku laibulale. Atsikana ena atsikana anapatsa Good Somold, kuphatikiza wolemba ndakatulo Samuel Taylor Kalridge.
Mu 1811, a Mary adagwira theka la chaka chakubizinesi ya Rmsgitis, ndipo mu Juni chaka chamawa, abambo ake adamutumizira kuti akakhale ku Scotland, m'banja la Britany William Bakter. Mu diary, Baxter adalemba kuti Mariya adaleredwa "ngati wafilosofi, ngakhale ngati cynic." Mtsikanayo adangokhala kawiri ku Totny, pa Marichi 30, 1814 adabwerera kunyumba kwake.
Mabuku
Roman wokhala ndi wolemba ndakatulo Tarsi Bishi Alon Byron amathandizidwa bwino pantchito ya wolemba. Tsiku lina, atatu atakhala pamoto, adauzana nyanga za wina aliyense, ndipo Bayani adapereka mkangano kuti alembe nkhani yokhudza mizukwa. Usiku womwewo, mtsikanayo analakalaka wasayansi wa sule yemwe watola cholengedwa chokhumudwitsidwa pazinthu zina. Anali amoyo.
Pamaziko a mayiyo akuwona m'maloto ake, adakonza zolemba nkhani, koma Percy adamuthandiza kukulitsa lingaliro la buku lokhathamira. Pa Januware 1, 1818, nyumbayo ndi ntchito yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya wolemba Frankenstein, kapena promaus amakono inabwera kudziko lapansi. Buku loyamba la bukuli, lokhala ndi makope 500, linamasulidwa mosadziwika. Owerenga adatinso kuti wolemba - Percy Bishi Blojerly: Adalemba mawu oyamba, kulumikizana ndi Mariya ndi abambo ake a William Goodhin Goodhin Goodhin.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa Frankenstein adamasulidwa pa Ogasiti 11, 1823, ndipo a Mary Shelley adawonetsedwa patsamba laudindo. Mtundu wachitatu wa bukuli, womwe watulutsidwa pa Okutobala 31, 1831. Anakulitsidwa ndi mawu atsopano, pomwe Mariya adauza zamphamvu za mbiri yakale.
Mu 2008, Charles I. Robinson adatulutsa ntchito ya "Frankenstensten". Anaphunzira zolemba zoyambirira za Mary Shelley ndikuwona zomwe zimasintha kuti akhomere akhale odzipereka.
Kutengera Frankenstein, magwiridwe ambiri, nyimbo, zishango, malo azomwe adapangidwa. Kanema wa 1931 wa 1931 amadziwika kuti ndi wowoneka bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe a chilombocho ndi machut, ngati masolasi pansi pozama, zomangira m'khosi ndikukula.
Munthawi yapakati pa 1819 ndi 1820, Mary adalemba buku la Nevenal "Matilda", lomwe linasindikizidwa mu 1959 chifukwa cha kudzipha Mutu ndi kuwuma mkati mwake. Komabe, nkhani zokondweretsa kwambiri kuchokera ku Shely, yemwe anamwalira ndi ana awiri aang'ono, anali ovuta kuyembekezera. Nthawi yomweyo, adapanga mbiri yabwino "Valperga, kapena moyo ndi maulendo a Kastrumcho, Prince LucI."
Mu 1826, ntchito yachiwiri ya Mary idasindikizidwa - buku "munthu womaliza", lomwe, silifanani ndi kutchuka ndi Frankenstein. Zochita zimachitika m'mphepete mwa Shelley 2073. Pano, anthu akukwera mahatchi, zombo zimayandama kwathunthu ndi ngalawo, nkhondo zimachitika ndi mfuti, ndipo njira yoyenda bwino kwambiri.
Bukuli lili ndi mavoliyumu atatu, aliyense mwa amene amafotokoza za nthawi ya moyo wa omwe ali m'gululi - Ligel Vernea ndi mlongo wake Perditi, Prince Adrian ndi Edzi ndi Edzi Mlongo wake Edzi.
Vutoli limafotokoza za otchulidwa, ndipo shelley imapangitsa kuti zinthu zizichitika mdziko lonse lapansi, m'chiwerengero chachiwiri mzindawu uli pachiwopsezo cha mliri, ndipo mu matenda achitatu, ndikupita patsogolo, kuwononga anthu. Kutanthauzira kwa Russia kwa "munthu womaliza" kupezeka mu 2010 kokha.
Mu 1830s, shelley adatulutsa mabuku "Fate Peter Warkina Warbina Warbina" (1830), "Lodod" (1835), ndipo analemba nkhani zolembedwa m'magazini a 6. Mu 1836, abambo Mariya adamwalira. Anadulira kuti amasule zifanizo zake, ndipo mwana wamkazi'yo anathana kuti akwaniritse zofuna za womwalirayo, koma atakana lingaliroli.
Chifukwa cha wolemba, luso la omwalira wa Percy Bishi Pofika 1837 linadziwika kwambiri: Mariya adafalitsa ndakatulo yake m'manyuzipepala, pamasamba awo. Chaka chotsatira, wofalitsa wamkulu wa Edard Moxson adatulutsa zolemba zake ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri am'munsi.
Moyo Wanu
Purring Bipsi Wamsiri, Mwamuna Wam'tsogolo Mary, adatsatira malingaliro a William Godwin, omwe amafotokozedwa mu "Chilungamo chandale" (1793). Wolemba ndakatulo apita naye kwambiri zomwe adalonjeza kuti adzabwezera ngongole za wafilofi. Komabe, banja lolemera lidakana masheya mu ngongole chifukwa chowazunza pantchito za Mulungu. Patatha miyezi ingapo, malonjezo achichepere adalengeza kuti sanathe kugwila ndalama. Wafilosofi, akumva kukhala wopita, adang'amba mnzake.
Nthawi zonse amawona m'nyumba ya Goddovina, Mariya ndi Apepolo adapisala chisoni. Iwo mobisa anakumana ndi manda a amake a amayi, nawonso anavomereza wina ndi mnzake mwachikondi. Tsiku lomwe lachitikali limadziwika chifukwa cha zikomo kwambiri kwa zolemba zapa diary - June 26, 1814. Tsiku lotsatira, mtsikanayo adauza bambo za kulumikizane ndi Percy, ndipo iye, chifukwa cha mwana wake wamkazi, adatsutsa.
Pa Julayi 28, banjali lidathawira ku France, adatenga mlongo Mariya, yemwe ndi akulu, komanso ku England, pakadali pano anali ndi vuto la mbuye wa Huley - Harriet Mr. Zaka 2 mwana atabadwa Chara Charles Charles, mayiyo adabzalidwa, osatha kupirira moyo wotere. Mu ulendo woletsedwa ndi Mariya yekha. Atabwerera kunyumba pa Seputembara 13, wokonda okonda amakonda thandizo kwa Welwin, koma sankafuna kukhala ndi chilichonse ndi mwana wake wamkazi.
Percy, ndipo adasiya Mariya ake kunyumba, adachokera ku Claire, yemwe adadzipangitsa mbuye wake, ndipo Mariya adatonthoza mtima m'manja a Thomas Hogg, loya wapamtima wa shelley. Moyo wa banjali sunasokoneze kusintha - onse amakhulupirira chikondi chaulere ndikuyamika wina ndi mnzake.
Pa February 22, 1815, Mariya adabereka bwenzi asanakwane miyezi iwiri. Adafa pa Marichi 6. Mkaziyo adakumana ndi nkhawa, ndakumana ndi mwana kulikonse. Maloto a mwana anali mchaka chimodzi patatha chaka chimodzi: pa Januware 24, 1816, wolowa kwa wolowa m'malo wozunzidwa - William adawonekera. Kungoyambira nthawi imeneyi, Mary adapemphedwa kuti amuyitane "Akazi a Shell."
Pa Disembala 30, 216, banjali linakwatirana, ndipo pa Seputembara 2, chaka chomwecho Mariya adabereka mwana wamkazi wa Clara. Kwa ana onse awiri sanali oti azikhala moyo wautali: Mu Seputembara 1818, Clara adamwalira, mu June 1819 - William. Shelley adayamba kudwala. Pa Novembala 12, 1819, Percy Florence adabadwa - mwana yekhayo amene akupulumuka.
Pa February 27, 1819, wolemba ndakatulo adadzifotokozera yekha ndi bambo wa Elena Adelaides - amadzinenera kuti ndi mwana wamkazi wa Mary. Sizikudziwika kuti mwana amene ali mwana wake kwenikweni, amaganiza kuti Claire adabereka ku Bairon.
Pa Juni 16, 1822, Mariya anali pafupi ndi imfa: Ankasokonekera, chifukwa adataya magazi ambiri. Adotolo adapulumutsa moyo wake, atakhala osamba ndi ayezi. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, paulendo wina wovuta unachitika - pa Julayi 1, a Pischi ndi mnzake Edwird Williams anamwalira m'Chitledreck. Matupi awo adatenga zaka 10 mkuntho. Malo owiritsa.
Mu 1826, a John Howard unde, waku America, anapangitsa Mary kuti apereke. Anakana, kuti akwatiwe anali atakwatirana kale ndi mwamuna wake wotsatira sayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wochepa. Pambuyo pake, wolemba ku French Veroge Merima, wolemba mbiri yakale Edward John Tyloni ndi andale obry Bokkerek adanenanso. Palibe amene wapeza malo a shelley.
Imfa
M'zaka za m'ma 1840s, Mary Sherly amakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna wa akumatira Florence, kuyambira pa 1848 - ndipo mwana wake wamwamuna Jane Gibson, mwana wamkazi waku America Gibson.
Kuyambira 1849, wolemba adadwala Migraine, nthawi zina thupi lake lidadabwitsa. Matenda a Shelley adakhala ndi zaka 2, anamwalira pa February 1, 1851 zaka 53 zaka 53. Mwinanso choyambitsa imfa chinali ubongo wa khansa.
Mariya adaonetsa kuti adamuyika pafupi ndi amayi ake ndi abambo ku St. Utchår ku London, koma mkhalidwe wamanda nthawi imeneyo anali wokhumudwitsa. Jane Gibson adakwirira apongozi ake mu mpingo wa St. Peter ku Barmethth.
M'chikondwerero choyamba cha imfa, bokosilo lidatsegulidwa, lotsatiridwa ndi Mariya. Anapezeka kuti tsitsi la ana ake akufa, lope lolemba, pomwe kulemba kwa pischi ku Pisa Belly kunalembedwa ndakatulo zosadziwika kale, fumbi limodzi ndi chidutswa cha mtima wake.
M'bali
- 1817 - "Mbiri ya Kuyenda Kwa Sabata Sili"
- 1818 - "Frankenstein, kapena Prometheus wamakono"
- 1819 - "Matthelda"
- 1823 - "Walperga, kapena moyo ndi maulendo a Kastrchchcho, Prince Lucca"
- 1826 - "Mwamuna Womaliza"
- 1830 - "Fate Perina Warbek"
- 1835 - "Lodode"
- 1837 - "Kutalikirana"