Chiphunzitso
Andriyan Nikolaev ndi avied wamkulu wa ndege wa Soviet, wolemba, yemwe ndi woyenera kuchita sayansi yaukadaulo, anali nzika yachitatu ya USSR, yomwe idayendera. Wophunzira mu Asitikali ankhondo osayembekezeka pamtunda wopanda mpweya anali munthu woyamba kugwira ntchito yopanda scharrat.
Kuti mukhale ndi abambo, Nikolaev anaperekedwa kawiri konse mutu wa ngwazi wa Soviet Union ndipo adalandira malamulo osiyanasiyana ndi mendulo.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev, mbadwa ya m'mudzi wa Shoreshesndi Chuvaushkaya Farsern Nikolaevich Nikolaevich Nikolaevich ndipo a Ankseeva ndipo anali pakati pa ana anayi.
Atamaliza sukulu yasekondale mu 1944, Nikolaev adalowa Sukulu ya Marynotech Lesotechniol. Kenako katswiri wachichepere wokhala ndi diploma wa forester adagawidwa kuti agwire ntchito ku Karelia. Mnyamatayo yemwe amasilira ndi ma extanes ambiri amaganiza kuti ndapeza kuyitanidwa, koma nthawi ya ntchito yankhondo inali ikubwera, ndipo tsogolo la Andriyan lasintha kuziziritsa.
Nikolaev adafika kunkhondo ya ndege, kenako kumapeto kwa ntchito yofulumira adalowa sukulu ya nyenyezi yowombera ku Chernihiv yankhondo. Kukhala woyendetsa ndege komanso waluso, Andriyan anapitilizabe kutumikila ku Moscow dera, komwe anagwera kumapeto kwa avortor a Alexander Tashkin.
Zochitika zodziwikiratu za mlangizi wamkulu, Nikolaev adawonetsa zozizwitsa za chipolopolo zingapo. Nthawi ina, paulendo wophunzitsira, pomwe Maigiwo ankhondo adakanidwa, Andriyan adayika galimoto m'munda, kupewa ngoziyo ndikusungabe moyo wake. Kuti mudziyang'anire komanso kulimba mtima pakukhazikika kwa Nikolaev omwe amaperekedwa kwa maola ambiri ndi kujambulidwa kwa chipani chachikomyunizimu cha USSR.
Cosmomoatics
Marichi 7, 1960 ndiye tsiku lofunikira kwambiri m'mwazipepala ya Nikolaev. Chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino za ntchito, Andriyan adamvetsera omvera kwa gulu la Cosmons, lomwe zidatchedwa gagarin.
M'tawuni ya Star, woyendetsa ndegeyo adayesedwa chifukwa cha asayansi a Soviet, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi akatswiri azachipatala.
Oyendetsa ndege asanu ndi limodzi omwe ali ndi luso labwino kwambiri komanso akatswiri komanso kukonzekera chimodzimodzi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi malo amodzi. Oyang'anira ndege, omwe asanasankhe, aperekedwa kwa oyendetsa ndege kuti asankhe cholowa pawokha. Andriyan ndi Comrades adaganiza kuti Yuri Gagarin anali woyenera kwambiri pakati pawo.
Pa Epulo 12, 1962, abwenzi adakhala ngwazi pa Baikonur cosmodrome ndipo pompopompo mitima idatsata chipilala cha Spoviet, ndipo pamene Gagarin adafika, chisangalalo chawo chinali osati malire.
Pa chipwirikiti cha pcu, chidayamba kukonzekera kukhazikitsa kwachiwiri kwa rocket "East-2". Mtsogoleri wa sitimayo anasankhidwa ku Germany Titov, ndipo Nikolaev adalamula kuti ntchito zitheke. Oyendetsa ndege anali ataphunzitsidwa kale, chifukwa amayenera kukhala tsiku lonse pamlengalenga ndipo anali ndi nthawi yoyamba kumva mkhalidwe wopanda nzeru.
Ndege yachiwiri idadutsanso popanda kutenga nawo mbali ya Nikolaev, koma woyendetsa ndegeyo sanathe maphunziro omwe adakonzekera. Kupenda bata, kusonkhanitsa, kuyankha mwachangu komanso malangizo otsatila momveka bwino, malo oyang'anira ndege adasankhidwa andriyan grigorievich andriyan gromer "East-3".
Kutuluka kumene kunayambira pa Ogasiti 11, 1962 kunakhala malo osindikizira ambiri mu malo omwe ma Roketi awiri omwe amatenga nawo mbali - sitima yayikulu ya Nikolaev inapita limodzi ndi "East-4, ndipo Palvel Popuvich. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito ya nyenyezi zomwe zinali zoyesera popeza khomalo popanda kuteteza mu mkhalidwe wotetezedwa, wochitidwa bwino ndi woyendetsa ndege wopanda mantha.
Ndipo patatha zaka, anthu anaphunzira za mbali yachinsinsi ya kutuluka kwa Space Revisietion "Kutsatira momwe sitimayo igwiritsire ntchito ngati yogwirira ntchito, ndipo inayo inali cholinga.
Pofika koyamba, Andriyan Grigorievich adadzuwa nthawi 64 kuzungulira pulaneti pake ndipo adakhala pafupi ndi maola 94 ndi mphindi 22, kukhazikitsa mbiri ya nthawi yayitali ndege. Anakhala wopeza "chakudya chamakona", katatu patsiku chotenga chakudya chophika mwapadera ndikupanga khofi. Pamapeto pa kuthawa, dzina loyendetsa ndege anali woyamba m'buku lolemekezeka la Kutchuka ndi Zitsamba za Chuvash Republic, ndipo dzikolo lidapereka mwayi ku dongosolo la kusiyana kwakukulu.
Kubwerera Padziko Lapansi, Nikolayv adalowa ku Moscow Nhukovsky Air Force, komwe adabwezera ndikupanga luso la "Pilot-Cosmonout". Andriyan Grigorievich adakhala woyang'anira wa gulu la trellar, ndipo mu 1965 adatenga nawo gawo pokonzekera ndege pafupi ndi mitambo. Ulendo wokonzekera sunachitike, ndipo Nikolaev adatenga chithunzi cha nduna ya Yuli Gagarin atalandira ndege ya Colonel.
Mu 1970, Andriyan Grigorievich adakhala woyang'anira wa a Souz-9 a Vitaly, ndi Vitaly Sevastastyanov adakhala wokondedwa wawo wobwera. Oyendetsa ndege adayamba kuzungulira dziko lapansi ndikukhala m'malo 17 maola maola 16 ndi mphindi 58, ataphwanya zolemba zonse komanso zofananira.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yogwirizanitsidwa, Nikolaev ndi mnzake adachita kafukufuku wasayansi ndi zamankhwala, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mdani aphedwe papupo pap ndipo adasewera chipani choyambirira ku Frand Cent Center. Pobwerera pamaziko a deta pamkhalidwe wa oyendetsa ndege, asing'anga adakhazikitsa pulogalamu yokonzekera kuti zinthu zitheke komanso zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa cha ulendowu, womwe ukufotokozedwa m'filimu yojambulidwa "padziko lapansi, andriyan grigorievich adalandira mphotho - dongosolo lachiwiri la ngwazi ya Soviet Union ndi mutu wa ndege yayikulu kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa kuthawa, Nikolaev adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ngati mutu woyamba wa maphunziro a Speade, adasankhidwa kukhala mphunzitsi wamkulu wa RSFS, ndipo kuyambira 1994, woyendetsa ndege wotchuka adagwira ntchito ku Russia Federation. Polemba pafupifupi mapepala a asayansi 70 ndi luso la asing'anga, Andriyan Grigorievich mu 1975 amateteza malingaliro ake ndikulandila mutu wa sayansi.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1963, Nikolaev, mwana womaliza wa tawuni ya trellar, adakwatirana ndi mkazi woyamba wa Valentina Tereshkova. Ukwatiwu unachitika m'nyumba ya boma potenga nawo gawo la Secler Secretary General Nikita Khwashchev.
Anzanu omwe adaganiza kuti mgwirizanowu wothandiza pa sayansi ndi anthu ndipo sanakhulupirire chisangalalo cha mwamuna ndi mkazi wake. Izi za andriyan grigorieviizing m'buku la "tidzakumana ndi moyo wamunthu," kuti, chikondi ndi chikondi ndi chikondi chayankha za theka lake.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, mwana wamkazi wa Elena, yemwe anali ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimabadwira m'banjamo. Sizinalepheretse mtsikanayo kumaliza sukulu ndi zamankhwala ena ndiulemu, kukwatiwa kawiri ndikukwatiwa kawiri ndikukhala mayi wa ana awiri.
Zambiri za ubale womwe uli m'banja wa Nikolaev adabisala. Mwa anthu, okwatirana amapereka chisamaliro china chilichonse ndipo chimakhala chikuchepera zaka pafupifupi 19, ndipo, atatha pafupifupi zaka 19, andrinan gladigoriirovna osudzulana.
Tereshkova anakwatirana ndi Yulia shaposhnikova, ndi Nikolayyev asanamwalire yekha.
Imfa
Andriyan Nikolaev, yemwe anali ndi thanzi labwino mzaka komanso wokhwima, adayamba kudwala ndi mtima wake kumapeto kwa moyo.
M'chilimwe cha 2004, anyani a nyenyezi adayitanidwa ku Chebokork ngati woweruza wamitundu yonse yakumidzi. Julayi 3, atatha kumapeto kwa zochitika ndi msonkhano wotakataka, pomwe chithunzi chomaliza cha woyendetsa ndege wotchuka chidapangidwa, Nikolaev adazindikira kuzindikira ndikumwalira. Madokotala adazindikira kuti chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwapamwamba kwambiri kunakhala infraction.
Andriyan Grigoririevich adayikidwa m'manda akungula padziko lapansi kufunitsitsa kwa mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Chithunzi cha cosmonouti sichifa chofaliridwa mu malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zomwe zili m'mudzi wa Hartela, yemwe kuyambira 2006 amatchedwa Chikumbutso, zipilala zamisewu ndi mabwalo a Russia Mizinda.
Mu 2018, anthu okhala ku Russia adavotera kuti awonetsetse kuti dzina la woyendetsa ndege wotchuka adatumizidwa ku Chuvash Capital eyapoti yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Maina ndi Mphoto
- 1961 - "dongosolo la nyenyezi yofiira"
- 1962 - Pilot-cosmonautity wa USSR
- 1962, 1970 - ngwazi ya Soviet Union
- 1962, 1970 - Mendulo "
- 1962 - "dongosolo la Lenin"
- 1970 - "Mendulo yagolide yotchedwa Yu.Gagarin"
- 1976 - "Dongosolo la Banner Red Barner"
- 1981 - Mphoto yaboma ya Ussr
- 1988 - Order "pantchito ya amayi munkhondo ankhondo a USR" III
- 1991 - mendulo "polimbikitsa nkhondo yankhondo"