Muttit Gfari - Chithunzi, mbiri yamunthu, moyo waumwini, womwe umayambitsa, ndakatulo

Chiphunzitso

Muttit Gfari ndi ndakatulo ya Soviet, wolemba komanso wolemba mabuku omwe adalemba tatar ndi Bashkir. Kuchita kwake m'gulu la Bashkortostan ndi Tatarstan ndipo anali kalilole wa malingaliro a anthu omwe amapita patsogolo kwa zaka za zana la 20 litayamba.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Gabdelmitsa Nurganievich Gfarov, motero dzina lonse la Magital, adabadwa pa Julayi 8, 1880 m'mudzi wa Zilim-Kanovovo Ufa Province (tsopano kodi malowa amatanthauza a Republic of Bashkortortistan). Bambo wa ndakatulo wamtsogolo adagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wokhazikika. Kudyetsa banja lalikulu (ndipo awo anali mwana wachisanu), a Narghany Gfarov adatsogolera famu yaying'ono ndikuphunzitsa ana nthawi yachisanu - nthawi yachilimwe bambo adachita njuchi.

Ali kale ndi mwana, ndakatulo yamtsogolo idawonetsa luntha losamasuka: Sukulu ya ku Meccoral Mecoral, sukulu yoyamba ya Asilamu, amatanganidwa ndi zaka 2-3, kuwerenga mabuku azachipembedzo kuyambira zaka 8. Zotsatira zake, bambo ake adapita naye kusukulu yake, ndipo mwana wazaka 11 adathandiza a Nurgani kuti aphunzitse ana ena.

Pofuna Mwana Wabwino ndi Kuwona Maganizo Ake Awo, Atate mu 1893 anakonza mwana wake ku Madrasa - The Analogue School ku Asilamu - mudzi wapafupi wa Utheshevo. Zitachitika izi, a Nargehani Gafarov adamwalira, ndipo mchaka cha chaka cha mnyamatayu adamwalira, namsiya iye wamasiye wozungulira.

Pambuyo pake, Muich anayesetsa kuphunzira ku Madrasa UFA, koma analibe ndalama zokwanira kuvomereza. Pakugwa kwa 1898, mnyamatayo anapita kumapazi ku Trotak kuti apitilize mapangidwe a rasulieva, yonama. Ali komweko mpaka 1904, ngakhale kuti maphunziro a chipembedzo komanso ophunzira sanamukonde ndipo amalimbikitsa mosalekeza kuti achite nawo kudzichita.

Mnyamatayo anaphunzira zilankhulo: Chiarabu, Turadish, Iraniki ndi Russia, sananyalanyaze mbiri yakale komanso nkhani za ndakatulo zakum'mawa komanso mabuku akum'mawa. Pamapeto pa maphunziro ake ku Utatu wa Madrasa, Gfarir adaloleza mawu otseguka motsutsana ndi machitidwe osakhutiritsa ndi maluso a sukulu, ndipo osapsa mtima ndi arpisma adakwiya ndipo adakhazikitsa gulu lomuzungulira.

Chilengedwa

Ndakatulo yoyamba ya Gafari idasindikizidwa mu 1902. Ku ShaKardam Izan, ndakatuloyo mwachichepere idalamulira a madrasa ndi kupembedza kwa ophunzira pamaso pa mphunzitsi, yemwe "wapamwamba" wamakhalidwe omwe amakayikira. Ihani wokwiyaletsa mnyamatayo kuti azikhala kusukulu, ndipo adakakamizidwa kubwereka chipinda, omwe posakhalitsa adayamba kusonkha chibwenzi.

Kenako ndakatulo yoyamba ya wolemba idalembedwanso - "njanji ya ku Siberia", zomwe zidatsutsa gulu la Asilamu a ku Russia ndikuwaitanira kuti aphunzire anthu owunikira ndi anthu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, moyo wa Gfari unayamba ngati wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba wothandizira.

Atachoka mu 1905 kupita ku Kazan, Mutuch anakumana ndi aluntha a Chitata: maseweredwe ndi olemba. Panthawi imeneyi, luso la wolemba ndakatulo limakhala ndi mtundu wina wonenepa komanso wosintha. Kuuziridwa ndi kusintha koyamba, Guuri adalemba "ndakatulo", mu 1906 - nkhani yaumboni "yanjala, kapena mtsikana wovuta", yemwe adalemeretsa ukadaulo wambiri wa akazi .

Pambuyo pa zochitika za Peter Stoneypin, a Mafata omwe adalembedwa pamndandanda wa anthu omwe akuyambitsa kukayikira kuti adakakamiza Gafari kuti athawe mu ma rings a Kazakh, kenako ku UFA. Kufunafuna wolemba ndakatuloyo kuti agwiritse ntchito ndale zathengo kokha mu 1917.

Mu 1907, GfarirI adapeza bungwe la maphunziro omwe amayankha malingaliro ake: Chifukwa cha kuchitika kwa Atrasa "Galiya" mu 1909, muich pomaliza adakwanitsa kupeza maphunziro apamwamba. Pambuyo pake, wolemba ndakatuloyo adakwatirana ndi zokonda zake, zopereka za mayiko. Komanso ndakatulo zake zimawonekera mtundu wamiyendo, ndipo Gfariri amadzaza nthano zawo ndi kununkhira kwadziko.

Munthawi kuyambira 1909 mpaka 1913, chinthu chachikondi chimawonekera mu ntchito ya magita, koma ngakhale nthawi yomweyo, malingaliro okhudza kukonda dziko lako komanso amalimbana ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo. Pamaso mwamphamvu ku biograography ya ndakatuloyi inali nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Munthawi imeneyi, magazini a Mulungu ayamba kuwuka pantchito za Gafari, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti wolemba ndakatulo akhale atsogoleri achisilamu asilamu.

Wogulitsa wamkulu wa October Mutich adakumana ndi chidwi, woyenera kwa iye, ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Pali nkhani zokhala m'ma vesi ndi akazi - amakhulupirira ndi mtima wonse kuti kumasulidwa kwa anthu ndi magawo oponderezedwa a chiwerengerochi chidachitika. Imawoneka bwino kwambiri mu mbali zapamwamba za "mtima wake", "masiku aufulu", "polemekeza ufulu."

Nayi mawu kuchokera pamenepo:

"Koma mphamvu za manja

Khoma linawonongedwa.

Ufulu ndi Mtengo Wosangalatsa

Thumba la Dziko "

Mu 1923, Commintiomenti ya Basin Central Central Central idayamika zopereka za Gafari ku chikhalidwe cha dziko. A Magita adalandira mutu wa wolemba ndakatulo wa anthu a Bashkir Republic, komanso analinso ndi thandizo lomwe wolemba ndakatulo akadatha kulemba mabuku. Kuyambira mu 1924 mpaka 1929, aminich, kuwonjezera pa ndakatulo ndi kulemba, kugwira ntchito muofesi ya Ordiol ya Chitata cha Chitata "mudzi wa New New" (Yana Avyl).

Nthawiyi inali yolemera ponena za nkhani ya "Gfauri adalemba nkhani ya" magawo a moyo "ndi" okonzanso, ndipo omaliza amadziwika kuti ndi luso la mabuku amitundu. Komanso, ntchito ya munthu yolumikizana ndi zisudzo: Adalenga sewerolo "lofiira", adalemba Libretto ku Opera "ESTE".

Mu theka loyamba la 1930s mu ntchito ya gafari, kuwonjezera pa zolinga zachikhalidwe zachitetezo, panali chitsutso cha machitidwe achilendo. Mu ntchito za "Ocean", adani akunja "ndi" padziko lapansi likulu "adapanga mfundo zamipando, kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu.

Moyo Wanu

M'moyo wa Ukulu Wafar Gafari, panali malo okha a mayi m'modzi - mkazi wake zuhron kamalebirigalnavna nasyrova, yemwe ndi wolemba ndakatulo m'makalata otchedwa Zuhra -Kum. Zinachokera m'banja la masitima, anali ophunzira kwambiri, ophunzitsidwa pogona ku UFA mabuku amtundu wa atsikana ndi chatar. Komanso kusamalira banja la Zuhra anapitilizabe kusoka.

Mkazi wa Gozhitu anakhala munthu womuthandiza kwambiri, wothandiza pantchito zonse, mnzake wapamtima komanso wosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ana amuna awiri anabadwa muukwati: Ankar ndi Khalit. Poona za banja la 1922, mabanja omwe ali m'banjamo, ngakhale anali ndi zipembedzo zachipembedzo, anali ndi mbiri ya Zuhra atavala suti wamba wamkazi.

Imfa

Muttit Gfari adamwalira pa Okutobala 28, 1934 ku UFA, chifukwa cha imfa chinali chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu. Wolemba ndakatulo adayikidwa m'manda CPKO dzina lake Alexander Matrosov.

Nyumba ya wolemba ndakatulo pa Gogol Street idakhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Gita Gafari. Komanso ku UFA, komwe ndakatulo adakhala ndi zaka 11, mu 1978 adakhazikitsa chipilala chomwe chidakhala chuma cha mzindawu.

M'bali

• 1904 - "Moyo Wosauka"
• 1909 - "Chiwopsezo choyiwalika"
• 1914 - "Magawo a Mabuku"
• 1920 - "tsekwe"
• 1923 - "M'mabowo a HANDS"
• 1932 - "Pamtendere wa golide"
• 1933 - "Chernoct"
• 1934 - "Tsopano ndi zabwino, zinali zovuta"