Chiphunzitso
Kalsal Kamal - wolemba Chitata, wolemba sermar amagwira ntchito, munthu wapagulu komanso woyambitsa milandu ku Tatarstan. Anamasulira ntchito za gulu lakale la Russia ndipo adathandizira kupanga kwawo kwa mfumu ya kwawo.
Dzinalo la wolemba ndi Gallias Galliliarbochich Kamaletdinov. Za ubwana wa wolemba amadziwa pang'ono. Adabadwa pa Januware 6, 1879 ku Kazan. Bambo wa mnyamatayo anagwira ntchito ngati wad, ndipo banja silinasiyane bwino.
Ubwana Wagiya wakhala m'mudzimo, pomwe amayi ake akubwera. Anaona moyo wake motsika, ndipo adachita zomaliza zokhudza chipangizo cha padziko lapansi.
Maphunziro amene wolemba mtsogolo adalandira ku Madrasa "Gomania" ndi "Muhammadia" ku Kazan. Mnyamatayo wodziphunzitsa yekha aku Russia komanso monga chidziwitso chikukulirakulira komwe adapezeka padziko lonse lapansi wa sewero la ku Russia ndi zisudzo. Zowona kuti Galliacar amakhudzidwa ndi luso ndi mabuku, linadziwika kuti anali wachinyamata, motero zinali zosavuta kuganiza ndi mayendedwe akewo.
Chilengedwa
Sewero loyambirira lofalitsidwa, lofalitsidwa kuchokera ku nthenga zamtsogolo, chinali ntchito ya "unyamata watsoka." Gali lagiliamba analemba mu 1898, ndipo mu 1907 adapanga buku lachiwiri. Choyimira chachikulu cha zomwe zidapangidwazo chinali zovuta zokhudzana ndi maphunziro ndi malingaliro ophunzirira omwe wolemba wa Novice adafotokoza.
Democrat yotchulidwa ya Democration, analimbikitsa kusinthasintha kwa chisinthidwe cha 1905 mpaka 1907 ndipo anakhala oyambitsa manyuzipepala angapo. Mu 1906, "Azat" idawonekera ngati "ufulu", pambuyo pake "Azat Halyk" ("Anthu Oyera"), ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri, Zolemba Zoyambirira za Magazini ya Jashen ("mphezi") idasindikizidwa Kufalitsidwa, komwe gerialkar Kakuma apangidwa palimodzi ndi wolemba ndakatulo wa Gabdullah tukay.
Kukonda achinyamata kwa zisudzo sikunachoke Kamala ndi zaka zakale. Analimbikitsa kukula kwa zisudzo ndi kutenga nawo mbali polenga mawu oyamba, omwe amaperekedwa pagulu mu 1906. Wosewerera adalemba ntchito zomwe zikuchitika powonekera, mikangano yoyenera ndi zilembo zowala. Masewera ake adapanga maziko a rencetoire ya Chitatar Pre-Srevolury Theatre.
Pang'onopang'ono, malingaliro aphunziri mwa maphunziro adasinthidwa ndi kunyoza kwa unyinji, boma ndi zopinga zina. Ma mbiya a Sattyric Sociewlity adakhala munthu wovuta kwambiri zomwe dziko lidadana naye. Anagwiritsa ntchito milandu yeniyeni ngati maziko a ntchitozo ndipo adawona zilembo zosavuta kuzionekera.
Mu 1908, oyang'anira mawu akuti "choyambirira choyambirira" chidachitika m'bwalo la zisudzo. Adafotokozeranso kulimbana kwa kusinthana kwa bungwe la The Gren the Seatre. Mu chithunzi cha munthu wamkulu, chipongwe chonse chidafotokozedwa, chomwe chidadedwa ndi wolemba. Mu 1912, omvera adawona kupanga "zinsinsi za anthu athu", pomwe wosewera mpirawo amasokoneza chigoba ndi kuchirikiza kwachifumu, omwe amapereka othandizira. M'chaka chomwecho, "kuperewera" kupulumuka, malingaliro a mkaka ponena zakukonzekera ndalama, zomwe zidalimbikitsa oimira am'deralo a Bourgeoiiie.
Ntchito zowoneka bwino kwambiri za Galliasciar Kamala zinayamba kudziwika kuti atsogoleri a Chitata ndi ochita ziwonetsero. Pamodzi ndi anthu owoneka bwino, wolembayo adatsimikizira kuti gawo la sitejiyo ngati chida chokweza anthu komanso kupewa mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi.
Wosewera yemwe adadziyesera yekha monga womasulira, ndipo paphiri la zisudzo adayamba kusewera maphwando a Maxim Gorky, Alexander rostrovsky, Nikolai Gogol. Wogwira ntchito wa zisudzo adalembanso nkhani zowunikira, zomwe zimadabwitsa malingaliro ake pankhani yodziwika bwino pa siteji.
Kusintha kwa ntchito ya Okutobala ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni idalimbikitsa wolemba. Anayamba kupanga ntchito ndi mzimu wa Soviet, adalemba ndakatulo ndikupanga osasunthika. Kuthandiza munthu wogwira ntchito, Kamal adakhala wojambula m'magulu a Krasnoarmemmemmem Tarpe. Pansi pa Pseudony Aulia ndi kampaniyo, wolemba adalemba milandu ya Satairhical, omwe ogwira ntchito ndi anthu ambiri anali ndi chidwi chachikulu.
Mu 1921, agalokar adalengeza za anthu omwe amasewera "okongola a Hafili," akuuza zabwino za kusintha kwa anthu kwa anthu omwe akusintha. Mu 1926, wolemba adalandira mutu wa wowerengeka.
Ndimafunitsitsa kuti, kuwonjezera pa zochitika za pachimake, kuphatikiza, Gaisal Kamal amakonda zojambula ndi calligraphy. Anakhala wolemba zithunzi zambiri pa mitu yandale. Kugwirizana ndi nyumba zosindikizira nyumba, bambo wina anali ndi chidwi chachikulu cha zamakono za Cano oftarphy. Anachita nawonso ntchito ya luso ndi nthawi ya zisudzo, pofufuza magwiridwe antchito.
Moyo Wanu
Galliliarcar Kamal adadziwika mu moyo wamoyo komanso wamunthu. Wolemba komanso anthu amene anali pagulu anali mfumu yodziwika m'Chilamulo cha Kazan Disung Saybullina. Mwana wamkazi wa wamalondayo adakhala mkazi wake, ndipo wachibale watsopanoyo adachita maphunziro olemekezeka kwambiri ku Kamal.
Wogulitsayo anali ndi malingaliro ake a Galicar. Kudziwa kuti SALIA wa ku Sharia atha kumatha kuyanjana, ngati avomera kukhala amamam mu mzikiti, womwe Ha Habullin adamanga. Malingaliro amenewo amasamaliridwa. Kunyengerera kudapezeka chifukwa cha pangano: Mfumu idayamba kugulitsa zinthu zosindikizidwa.
Ukwatiwo unachitika m'ma 1900, ndipo bambo ake adapereka nyumba ku Namanov Street chifukwa cha mwana wake wokondedwa, amene akuyimirira ku Kazan lero. Ana m'banjamo adawonekera zaka zingapo pambuyo pake. Kaalkar Kamal adakondwera ndi kubadwa kwa Mwana mu 1908.
Agiliascar Kamal anali atakwatirana kawiri, mkazi wake wachiwiri anali mtsikanayo dzina lake Isa. Wosema anali ndi olowa m'malo 6: ana aamuna ndi mwana wamkazi m'modzi.
Imfa
Chitata cha Chitata cha Chitata mu 1933. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa wolemba sizinakhale chifukwa cholankhulirana. A Galliliascar Kamal anali m'modzi mwa ojambula ochepa omwe adakwanitsa kutenga boma lapadera komanso kupitilizabe kudzoza. Imfa yachisangalalo idatayika kwa mabuku ndi zisudzo.
Tsopano chithunzi chake chitha kuwoneka m'makoma a themberelicmic miyambo ku Kazan, wotchedwa Wosefera. Ku Tatarstan, pali misewu ingapo yotchedwa dzina la anthu onse, ndipo nyumba ya wolemba idakhala yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Mu 1959, adalandira mawonekedwe a chipilala cha mbiri ndi chikhalidwe.
M'bali
- 1907 - "Unyamata Watsoka"
- 1908 - "Chifukwa cha Mphatso"
- 1911 - "Wokonda"
- 1911 - "Zinsinsi za Mzinda Wathu"
- 1912 - "Bunk"
- 1921 - "wokongola Hafili"