Chiphunzitso
A Gabdulla Tukai ndi ndakatulo ya Chitata komanso yotsutsa, wotsutsa komanso womasulira. Woyambitsa nthano za mtunduwo wa mtunduwo, adathandizira kukulitsa chilankhulo cha Chitata. Olemba ambiri adakhala otsatira a wolemba.
Gabdulla Tukai anabadwira m'mudzi wa Kushlavych pa Epulo 26, 1886. Abambo ake adamwalira mnyamatayo, ndipo mayi adamwalira atasiya mwana wamasiye wozungulira. Stepheift sanamvere maudindo a kulenga kwa Galudulla ndikumupereka m'manja mwa agogo, mullenale. Moyo wa mnyamatayo sunali wophweka. M'masiku amenewo, zonse zinali zovuta kwa anthu onse, motero munthu wowonjezera m'nyumba amatanthauza ndalama zosayembekezereka komanso zosafunikira.
Agogo adapeza yankho labwino potumiza mdzukulu ku Karan mu banja lolandila. Mnyamatayo anavomera mwachikondi komanso kukoma mtima. Koma patatha zaka ziwiri, makolo omwe amatchulidwa adadwala ndipo adatumiza Gabdulla Exyay. Palibe amene anali kuyembekezera nyumba yake. Agogowo anayamba kufunafuna malo osungira ana.
Kusuntha kwamuyaya, umphawi kosatha, mosasamala bwino komanso chisamaliro chomwe chakhudza chithunzi cha dziko lapansi, chomwe chinatha komanso chopweteka. Adaganiza zomupatsa Sagdiase, yemwe amakhala m'mudzi wa Kyrlay. Komanso anali wosauka, koma dzanja lina m'mudzimo nthawi zonse limakhala malowa. Kuchokera kuntchito molimbika pano sikunathawe ku aliyense, ndipo ali ndi zaka zambiri kuntchito.
Mu 1895 Gabdulla Tukai adatsamira azakhali ku Uralsk. Anapeza nyumba m'nyumba yamalonda USmani. Mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzira kuyanjana pasukulu ya Asilamu. Anayamba kuphunzira Russian ndikuwonetsa maluso osiyanasiyana. Malo ozungulira adalipira talente yake.
Mu zaka 19, tukai adamasulira koyambirira ku Russia. Ntchito zomwe adagwira zidapangitsa kuti Basini avan krylov. Ndakatulo zidanyamula mnyamatayo kuti adayamba kumasulira ntchito za olemba za ku Russia ku chilankhulo cha Chitata, kudziwitsa anthu ambiri ndakatulo ndi olemba ndakatulo ambiri.
Mu 1904, ntchito ya Gabdullah idasindikizidwa m'magazini ya magazini "m'zaka 100 zatsopano". Poyamba, Tukui adaganiza za miyambo ya Chiarabic-Persia kulemba ndakatulo, koma mabuku aku Russia adabweretsa zinthu zatsopano moyenera. Zolemba za Alexander Pushkin ndi Mikhail Lermontov adapanga chithunzi chachikulu kwa wolemba ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo wouziridwa. Ngakhale anali ndi vuto laubwana, a Gabdulla Tukai adadziona ngati wokondwa ndipo ntchito zake zidaika zolinga zabwino kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi.
Ndakatulo ndi zochitika zina
Kusintha ndi nthawi yomwe idachitika, yomwe idayamba mu 1905, idawonjezera zolemba zatsopano mu ntchito za wolemba ndakatulo. Anakhala liwu la demokalase, kutsutsa mphamvu ndi capitalism. Kuponderezedwa kwa nzika za Nanuatari, wolemba adafotokoza ntchito, zomwe zidasindikizidwa m'matumbo. Analemba ndakatulo za ndakatulo za kusintha ndi mafunde akuphedwa mu chilankhulo cha Chitata.
Kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera ndi malembedwe, pang'onopang'ono Tukai adakhala wogwira ntchito kwa ofalitsa. Adaganiza zochoka m'mawu mpaka pano, kupititsa patsogolo kusinthaku, ndipo adatenga nawo mbali pazowonetsera. Mu 1907, a Gabdulla adachoka kusukulu ya Asilamu ndipo adakhala mbiri yathunthu ya chisinthiko. Ntchito zake panthawiyi zinali mu unyinji wamaulendo omenyera nkhondo. Wolemba anapatsa nzika zako kuti apikisane ulemu wa dziko lawo ndi demokalase pa mapangano ake, monga "osati kusiya!".
Gabdulle adadzakhala kovuta kuzindikira zifukwa zomwe kusinthana kunagonjetsedwa. Anasokonezeka, phokoso lalikulu, lomwe lalanda ndakatuloyo, linawonekera mu ntchito yake. Tukai anabwerera ku Kazan, pomuwona komwe akupita kukalimbikitsa mabuku mu mzinda wa kwawo.
Wolembayo anadziwana ndi achinyamata omwe akupita patsogolo ndipo anayamba kuyesera yekha ku satire. Kwa chaka chokhala ku Kazan, adalemba nkhani zingapo, ndakatulo ndi zolaula, mitu yayikulu yomwe inali kuda nkhawa anthu, ndi chiyembekezo komanso chikhulupiriro chopatsa ulemu, kupatula ulemu ndi ulemu. Wolemba adafalitsidwa "Zarisnja" ndi "mphezi". Kukhala wolemba wodziwa zambiri, tukai anatulutsa ntchito za anthu, omwe anali "kukumbukira kwa usuna" kunaperekedwa kwa mnzake wapamtima.
Wolemba sanazengereze kufotokoza zakukhosi ndi momwe akumvera papepala, kugawana nawo ndi owerenga. Ntchito za "GNET" ndi "kubwerera ku Kazan" zokhudzana ndi nyengo yaukadaulo, zimamveketsa bwino kuti wolemba salinso m'dziko loipali sililinso zinthu zovuta. Amafunikira ntchito komanso pakati pa anzeru za luso la kulenga. Ntchito zomwe zapangidwa mu 1911-1912 zidalembedwa mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro a nsanamira panthaka za kwawo komanso kukonda dziko lako.
Tukai adayenda motsatana ndi Volga. Adayendera Asthekann, komwe adakumana ndi omwe adalipo. M'ngululu ya 1912, wolemba ndakatuloyo adapita kudzera ku Ufa kupita ku St. Petersburg, komwe malingaliro ndi anzeru anzeru adayamba kukhazikika nthawi imeneyo. Kuonekera kwa ulendowo kunaphatikizidwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo Narmanov, kusinthanitsa mullanur Vatov ndi wolemba Magitorir Gfari.
Mavuto azaumoyo, kale, adziwitseni za iwo eni, sanayimitse ndakatuloyo. Kuchokera ku St. Petersburg, adapita napita ku Trotak, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo adapitilizabe kupita ku Kazakh Steppe, akuyembekeza mozizwitsa ndi Kuisma. Kubwerera ku Kazan, a Gabdulla Tukai adazindikira kuti zachifundo zakale sizinali kubwerera. Katundu wambiri komanso malo oyipa adakulitsidwa. Koma mtima wa m'sisitilo sunathe kuzinthu za ntchito zake.
Moyo Wanu
Malinga ndi mawu a anthu a m'nthawi ya aŵa, Gabulla Tukai akuyembekezera atsikana, manyazi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Lucky ndi wotsika, wokhala ndi m'mimba pamaso pa diso, omwe adakakamizidwa kuvala magalasi amdima, sanakhulupirire kuti angathe kukonda munthu. Wolemba ndakatulo sanamve kuti mod, chifukwa sanalole ndalama, ndipo sanachite chidwi ndi izi. Ndalama zomwe zili m'thumba mwazovuta, chifukwa Tukai adabweretsa ndalama kuti apulumutse: ndipo amagawa ngongole popanda kubwerera, omwe adathandiza.
Atsikana omwe ndi mlanduwo adapereka zisonyezo za Gabdulla, kuyembekezera kuti ofesi yabwino, ndipo wolemba ndakatulo adapewe misonkhano iliyonse. Zitan Mavlydiova, mwana wamalonda, nawonso amalakalaka osazindikira. Analemba kuti athandize abale. Fatimah Amirkha adapereka msungwana kwa wolemba ndakatulo pomwe amasewera ndi anzanga m'mapu mwa wofalitsa. Misonkhano yoyamba inali yochepa kwambiri: Tukai sanasonyeze chidwi, ndipo zotukwana zidatha. Achinyamata onse adawona kasanu.
Msonkhano wachiwiri unachitika mwamwayi: Tukai anazindikira msungwanayo wa pawindo la tram ndikulandila. Kwa kachitatu, woyambitsa adawonetsa Zaitan. Kulankhulana kwawo kunatenganso pang'ono. Tukai anayang'ana, amachoka nthawi zonse, ndipo m'chikondi ndi mnansiyo adamupangira chinyengo. Diseji yachinayi idapereka mwayi woti mukhale omasuka.
Adakhala nthawi yolemba nthawi yayitali, akuyenda mumsewu. Kwa nthawi yachisanu, achinyamata adakumana muofesi ya Ordial. Zithan adachoka ku Kazan ku Chifuno ndipo adapita kukanena zabwino. Gabdulla adalonjeza kuti abwera ku pifa kuti anene zabwino ndipo sanabwere.
Zaka 5 pambuyo pake, pomwe Tukoy anali atatsala pang'ono kufa, Zathan adabwera kudzamuchezera kuchipatala. Anadikirira chilolezo cholowa mu Ward, koma Gabulla analetsa. Pambuyo pake, mtsikanayo anakwatira wantchito wa tchalitchi, mwana wake wamwamuna ndi mdzukulu wake atakhala ndakatulo. Asanaphedwe, mayiyo anapempha kuti amuike pafupi kwambiri ndi manda a Tuka. Pa mwala wake wammanda, mizereyo idasemedwa ndi ndakatulo yoperekedwa kwa okondedwa.
Moyo Wamunthu Gabdullah Tuka sanachite bwino. Iye analibe mkazi ndi ana. Mpaka kumwalira kwa imfa ya imfayo mumtima mwake, malingaliro ake anali akukula ku Zaitun.
Imfa
Mbiri ya ndakatulo ya Tatir ndi yochepa. Adamwalira ali ndi zaka 26 mu Epulo 1913. Choyambitsa imfa lidakhala chikondi, chovuta ndi njala. Gwirani ntchito m'nyumba yosindikiza yafumbi mu 1912 idakulitsa matendawa. Imfa ya Gabdulla Caququet yayamba kutaya mabuku ndi zaluso.
Tsopano chidwi ndi ntchito ya wolemba ndakatulo, womasulira boma komanso womasulira amathandizidwa ndi boma. Pokumbukira a Gabdul Cunka, Museum ya Museum yolembedwa idatsegulidwa ku Kazan. Mu lalikulu pa Stud Stung Street Street, dzina lake, pali chipilala kwa wolemba, ndipo zithunzi zake zimakongoletsedwa ndi zolemba pamalemba. Webusayiti yovomerezeka imakhala yodzipereka kwa munthu wake, yemwe amalongosola za biography ya tuka ndipo ndi zitsanzo za ntchito.
M'bali
- 1905 - "Pa Ufulu"
- 1906 - "majeremusi"
- 1906 - "State Duma"
- 1907 - "Ndi Shakdra Bwanji"
- 1907 - "Sadzachoka!"
- 1907 - "Shuraleile"
- 1908 - "Assokis Assolo"
- 1908 - "Sennaya Bazaar kapena New Kilekbash"
- 1911 - "GNE"
- 1911 - "Dacha"
- 1912 - "Achitata Achinyamata"
- 1913 - "Chiyembekezo cha anthu ..."