Chiphunzitso
Alexander Menshikov - omwe amakonda kwambiri Emperor Peter I, yemwe wadziwonetsa machitidwe aboma komanso ngati mkulu wankhondo. Anatenga nawo mbali pazandale ndipo amadziwika kuti ndalama zaboma. Chidziwitso cha Alexander Danililovich Menshikov ndichitsanzo chomveka bwino cha momwe munthu wochokera ku proshubin amalemekezedwa ndi myeru. Atadutsa njira kuchokera kumalonda kupita ku dzanja lamanja la mfumu, adakumana ndi Imfa pomwe alumikizane ndi Siberia.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mbiri ya Alexander Menshikov ili yodzaza ndi zokondweretsa, kugundana ndi kugwirizanitsa, koma zochepa zimadziwika za chiyambi chake. Mnyamatayo adabadwa pa Novembala 16, 1673 ku Moscow. Za momwe ubwana wake unali, umatha kunenedwa, kutengera malingaliro a ofufuza. Ena amakonda kukhulupirira kuti bambo wa Alexander anali wokhazikika, ena amatsatira malingaliro awo omwe adalandira ndalama, kukhala wophika.
Kamodzi pafupi ndi bwalo, menshikov omwe adalemba ntchito pofotokoza za pamndandanda wa makolo. Kuchokera pamikangano panali kuti makolo a Korinto anali a Arithuania. Koma, mwina, izi zidapangitsa kukondweretsa nkhope yayikulu.
Malinga ndi nthano, mnyamatayo Menshikov adagulitsa matties m'misewu ya Moscow, koma Alexander Sergeevich Bushn, akunena za "mbiri ya Peter yomwe nkhaniyo idabwera ndi mabwana ngati kunyozedwa. Chiyambi cha Menshikov anasonyeza kuti mnyamatayo anali wokhoza kukambirana. Anamutumikira ndi Pisari ndi alembi omwe adapanga mapepala.
Komabe, wachichepere wa ku Alexander Menshikov adagwera pa tsamba la munthu. Wamkuluyo adachitenga pansi pa khola. Mnyamata wazaka 14 anaona mfumuyo ndipo analandila makumi awiriwo. Ntchito idamupangitsa iye mwachangu. Adayambitsa chidaliro m'magulu aboma, ndipo koposa zonse - Peter I. Kukhala ndi bwenzi la Mfumu, Menshikov adalembetsa mu mphamvu zosangalatsa. Pofika zaka 20, anali wolemba wamkulu wa Probrazhensky, ndipo posakhalitsa adalandira valeleniner pa mfumu.
Alexander Menshikov adakhala tratile yapafupi kwambiri ya Peter I. Anakwaniritsa malangizo a mphunzitsiyo, kuposa kuchititsa manyazi. Anamupatsa limodzi ndi mkulu wa mfumukazi mu ulendo wakunja. Menshikov adasilira chidziwitso kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito ku Dutch Gutch. Pamodzi ndi Peter Alekseevich, adayamba kuvala ku European, akubweretsa mafashoni ku likulu la likulu la likulu, ndipo adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo.
Ntchito zankhondo
Alexander Daniilovich Menshikov adachita nawo kampeni ya Azov, adathandizira kuponderezedwa kwa misewu ya mumsewu wa mumsewu wa Misewu ya Misewu ya 1698, yomwe idalimbitsa chidaliro chake mwa iye. Franz Leya adamwalira mu 1699, Peter ndinali wotsimikiza: Menshikov adakhalabe mnzake wokhulupirikayo.
Mu 1700, nkhondo yakumpoto inayamba, momwe Alexander Danililovich anadzionetsera wankhondo wolimba mtima. Anali pachimake kutsogolo ngati woyang'anira gulu lankhondo ndi ana, kuphatikizapo kugwidwa, kuphatikiza Nienshanz, komwe mu 1704 adadzipereka ku chiin chachikulu.
Wolamulira amasangalala kuyamikira kuyenera kwa nkhaniyi, yomwe imamenyedwa ndi asitikali a ku Sweden ku Lithuania mu 1705, adaswa maarps mu 1706. Pofika nthawi yomwe anatsogolera gulu lankhondo, lomwe limaphatikizapo asirikali 15,000. Kulimbikitsa koteroko pyotr Alekseevich atumizidwa kukathandiza Mfumu ya Poland August kukachotsanso Swede. Menshikov anamaliza cholinga ndipo analandira mutu wa ufumu wowala wa Roma.
Nkhondo ya ku Poltava inabweretsa kalonga wa Lavra. Anawonetsa kulimba mtima pambuyo pa kuperekedwa kwa Hetman Mazepa, komwe kumatsogolera kuukira kwa avant-dimasi ndi kumanzere kwa chokhumudwitsa. Mtsogoleri wa Mtsogoleriyo anali kutengapo gawo kwa a Schlippenbachboment ndi ross Corps.
Ndi izi, zinali zotheka kugonjetsa ndikusintha gulu lankhondo la otsutsa. Asitikali a Charles XII ndi manyazi adathamangitsidwa. Koma Menshikov adawapeza ndikudzipereka. Popeza anali kunkhondo zotentha kwambiri, anatsimikizira mobwerezabwereza kukhulupirika kwa Mfumu ndi kutsika.
Kupambana pansi pa Poltavaya kunamubweretsa mutu wa kumunda wa Marshal ndipo katundu wamkulu wokhala ndi nthaka adaperekedwa. 43 miyambo ya chikwiya 4,000 idawonjezeredwa ndi katundu wa Alexander Danilovich. Iye anali yekhayo kwa ziwerengero za ziwerengero za ziwerengero, zochulukira ku Alexander Menshikov Kupitilira mpaka 1713, kukhala mtsogoleri wa asitikali ku Kurland, Poland, Pomerania, Homerania ndi Homelenia. Mu 1714 adabwereranso ku Petersburg, wokhala ndi magulu, katundu ndi malo apamwamba mu Boma.
Zochitika wamba
Menshikov adatha kupita ku Stairseser Stairser Chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa nkhondo ndi zisankho zovomerezeka. Mu 1702, adalembedwa ndi lamulo la Nurburburg, ndipo kuyambira kale 1703 adalandira nthawi yoyikiridwa kwa kazembe wa St. Petersburg. Ayang'aniridwa ndi likulu latsopano, kudongosolo onyamula zinthu, mabizinesi opanga mafakitale, kuyika Kronshlot, Kronstadt ndi nyumba zawo zokha.
Menshikov nyumba yachifumu inali imodzi mwa nyumba zoyambirira mumzinda ndipo zimayesedwa ndi zapamwamba. Ndipo ku Oraniebam anali ndi nyumba yadziko. Pofika nthawi yomwe Bungulo linalinso kazembe wa Karelia, Estland ndi ingermanland. Alexander Danililovich sanali kotheka kuzunguliridwa pokondwerera udindo. Kuyambira 1713, mfumu ndi bwalo lidasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Tsopano panali dipatimenti yoimbirana ndi Nyumba ya Senate.
Kuyambira 1715, ngalawa ya Kronstadt Scadron inali m'manja mwa kalonga. Anachititsa milandu mosamala, ndipo nthawi zina amatenga nawo mbali ku Marine. Mmodzi wa iwo anali njira yopulumukira ku Heal Gangat pa sitima yokazinga ya Friedrichstadt. Ine ndi Peter ndinachititsa ziphunzitso, ndipo zomwe amakonda amachita ngati mdani. Mu 1721, Menshikov adapatsidwa mutu wa White Asphul.
Alexander Daniilovich Menshikov sanali chimo. Monga munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu, adamva kuwawa. Chifukwa chake, kukhala manejala, sanaganizire zosakanizo kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopanda malire. Casnocrad idagwidwa, yomwe idanenedwa kwa mfumu. Mosiyana ndi chilamulo, Menshikov sanapereke anthu kupha ndipo sanatumizidwe. Kuyika akusangalala kwa loya, Peter Alekseevich amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo ndi kukhululukidwa, kuchotsera pamkhalidwe wa kalonga wa kutayika.
Maudindo a Menshikov awononga mobwerezabwereza. Mmodzi wa iwo anali mwana wa Peter, Alexey, wotsekedwa mwa Petro ndi Paul Forress. Kalonga wowalayo adatengapo nawo mbali kuti azunzidwe kwa mnyamatayo ndikuwapangitsa kuti aphedwe mu 1718. Thandizo ndilongosoka motere, mwachidule Petulo ndinayamikiridwa. Komanso, Alexander Danilovich nthawi zambiri amathandizira kuthetsa zinthu zabanja. Anadziperekanso kuti achotse mdzakazi woyamba wa Mfumuyo, Evdokia, ndikumanga maubale ndi Marita wa ku Spaphanian, yemwe pambuyo pake, wa Catherine I.
Ngakhale anali pachiyanjano, Menshikov nthawi zonse amabwera kuonera chuma cha Menshikov nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti wolamulira akhale wosamveka. Mu 1722, adakumananso ndi zochitika zosaloledwa poyendetsa Crochlot ndi kuba. Peter adandilafanizira za malo angapo, fodya mosatekeseka, kazembe wa Pskov ndikuyika chilangocho. Asanaphedwe mfumu, zomwe ananena motero, zomwe adalandidwa ndi kazembeyo atakhala zaka 22.
Menshikov anali pamagulu otsutsana ndi Mphunzo Catherine I. Kuthandiza m'bungwe la nyumba yachifumu atamwalira, ndipo adapambana boma, koma adafuna zoyipa zilizonse. Komabe, mphamvu zake zinali zopanda malire. Mu 1728, iye anakhala mutu wa Secretary Council yayikulu kwambiri ndipo anali ndi ufulu wotenga malamulo popanda chilolezo cha Katherine I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro Ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro Ake a Menshikov I. Malingaliro Ake a Menshikov I. Ufulu wake wa Menshikov adasankha kumbuyo, kutumiza mwana wake wamkazi kupita ku Peter II. Panthawiyo, Kalonga anali ndi udindo wa Admiral ndi ceresessimus.
Moyo Wanu
Ukwati Alexander Menshikova anali wokondwa. Kalonga anali atakwatirana ndi Daryya Mikhailovna arenyeva, mwana wamkazi wa kazembe wa Yakutsky ndi kapolo. Mtsikanayo kwa zaka zazing'ono anali ku Khotilo ndipo anali ndi ubale wabwino kwambiri wa Peter Alekseeevich, Natalia. Alongo a Menshikov anali ophatikizidwa mozungulira. Kuzolowerera kwa okwatirana mtsogolo pamene Alesandro anali ndi zaka 25, ndipo Dariyo, 16. Achinyamatawo anathandizira makalata othandizidwa ndi omwe poyamba anali owuma.
Daria Mikhalovna adatha kusungunula mtima wa kalonga, apita mphatso ndikuwonetsa chisamaliro. Ukwati wokongola wa Menshikov unachitika pa Ogasiti 18, 1706. Zinadziwika ku Kiev pamaso pa Peter I.
Pakati pa chibwana, okwatirana sankawona kawirikawiri. Mu 1709, Daria Menshikova adabereka mwana woyamba kubadwa. Pokhala pa kuwonongedwa, anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi mnzake yemwe adapita kwa iye. Mwanayo anabadwira panjira panjira, ku Belgorodod, komwe Menshikov anali panthawiyo. A Alexander Daniilovich anali atadzaza ndi chikondi ndi akazi. Anatsagana ndi mwamuna wake mu ulalo wa Rannburg ndi ku Berezov, koma anafa panjira ndipo anaikidwa panjira yapamwamba, pafupi ndi Kazan.
Imfa
Mbuzi Menshikov pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa woyang'anira wake, Wolamulira wake Wonse analibe malire. Atakonza zokambirana za mwana wake wamkazi ndi Peter II, kalonga wathandizanso kuthandizidwa ndi magonedwe ena. Zolinga zakezo zidaletsedwa ndi matenda oopsa, kwa kanthawi, omwe adagogoda bambo ku moyo wa bwalo. Munthawi imeneyi, adatha kupirira patsogolo pa Peter II, ndipo pofika nthawi ya Alexander Daniilovich sanali kuperewera. Anamangidwa, anthu ena, maudindo ndi mphoto zidachotsedwa, ndipo malowo adalandidwa.
Menshikov ndi banja lotchulidwa ku Runnburg la Rannburg, kenako ku Siberia, m'tawuniyi otchedwa Berezov pafupi ndi Tobolk. Kumeneku Menshikov, pamodzi ndi antchito okhulupirika, anamanga nyumba ndi mpingo. Mu 1729, Siberia adakutidwa ndi mliri wa gawo, womwe adayambitsa imfa ya Wantchito Wamfumu. Adamwalira ali ndi zaka 56, November 23, 1729. Kalonga anaikidwa m'manda mu mpingo, amene iye anakwera.
Manda a mtsogoleri anali asanasungidwe mpaka pano. Zokhudza zopereka zake m'mbiri zimapezeka kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana. Zithunzi za velmes zimasungidwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, ndipo kukumbukira kwake kumasinthidwa ku mibadwo yatsopano m'makalasi a m'dera lakale. Ana asukulu masiku ano ali ndi mwayi wophunzira mbiri ya oyang'anira otchuka m'mabuku komanso kukumbukira kwa anthu a anthu a m'nthawi ya anthu. Palinso malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane, mwachitsanzo, satifiketi ya kukula kwa Menshikov mu 2 Armankov (196 cm).
Mphongo
- 1703 - Dongosolo la mtumwi Woyera andrei woyamba amatchedwa
- 1705 - dongosolo la chiwombankhanga choyera
- 1710 - dongosolo la njovu
- 1713 - Dongosolo lakuda la chiwombankhanga
- 1725 - Dongosolo la St. Alexander Nevsky