Chiphunzitso
Chithunzi chowala kwambiri komanso chokongola m'malo mwazinthu zojambulajambula - Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya. Monga princess truerbetskaya, adawoneka ngati kudzipereka wopanda malire ndi ntchito, atachoka ku Siberia kwa mwamunayo, Prince Sergei Repioncy atakwanitsa zaka 1825. Anasiyira chizindikiro m'mbiri ndi mabuku, kukhala wolemba "maliya a maria Volkonskaya", omwe adalimbikitsa wolemba ndakatulo Nikolai nekrasov kuti apange gawo lachiwiri la ndakatulo ".Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (nee raevskaya) adabadwa, pomwe amakhulupirira, pa Julayi 22, 1804 m'tauni wa Kamen Cigirinsky Conser. Koma pali zina pa tsiku lomwe adabadwa - Januware 6, 1806.
Biography ya mfumukazi yakale idalembedwa ndi denga lolemera komanso labwino. Abambo Nikolai NikolayEvich Raevsky - Mgonero waku Russia, General, Nkhondo, Nkhondo Yankhondo 1812. Sophia Alekseevna Konstantinova - Mdzukulu wa Asayansi Wakale wa Russia Mikhail Lomonosov. Banjali linabadwa ana 7 - ana amuna ndi ana asanu. Ambiri aiwo adawona kuwalako kukamenya nkhondo ndi mutu wa mutu wa banja, pomwe adatsagana ndi mnzake wokhulupirika.
Kuchokera kumbali ya Atate, ana adalandira chiyambi cha ku Poland (mpikisano wakale wakale, yemwe adagwira ntchito ya mafumu a ku Russia kuchokera kwa zaka za XV), ndipo kuchokera kwa amayi a mayi_akulu a ku Agonstantino Konstather, , linali Chigriki ndi dzikolo).
Magazi achi Greek anali owoneka bwino kwambiri pankhani ya Mariya, mwana wamkazi wachisangalalo wa Raevsky. Wakuda ndi wamdima, wokhala ndi khungu lakuda, anali bambo amene amakonda kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chinamupatsa mawu abwino kwambiri, ndipo onse analemba mphunzitsi kuchokera ku Italy kuti akatenge mawu a mwana wake wamkazi. Masha adatenga maphunziro apanyumba, ndi a French ndi Chingerezi, kuwerenga, kunali ndi chidwi ndi mbiri komanso mabuku.
Mlengalenga mnyumba ya Ruevsky, ngakhale panali gulu lankhondo laukadaulo, linali lotentha komanso wochezeka. Alongo anayang'ana abale ndi abambo akulu. M'madzulo mausiku atadya chakudya chamadzulo, anali miyoyo m'chipinda chochezera. Ndipo kubwerera ku mipira ya phokoso, yotsekedwa m'manda mwake, adalemba m'manyuziwo akamaya.
M'chilimwe cha Nikolai NikolayEvich Raevsky anatumiza banja lonse ku Crimea ndi Caucasus. Zinachitika kuti anali kutsagana ndi Alexander Sergeevich Pushquon, yemwe anakhala abwenzi ndi Nikolai NikolayEvich nthawi yakumwera. Pofika zaka 16, Maria Nikolaevna adakondwera, ndipo nkhani yokhudza kukongola kwake idafalikira mu St. Petersburg Society.
Moyo Wanu
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtima wokongola umatsika pamene adauka ndakatulo yachinyamata mwachikondi. Kuyenda ndi Raevski ku Caucasus mu 1820, Puskinn adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi mtsikana wazaka 15 ndipo sanabise zomwe akumva zachikondi. Zimawerengedwa kuti Mary Raevskaya amadzipereka ku ndakatulo yake yamiyala yolembedwa kum'mwera cholumikizira (pakati pawo, "osayimba," "Pa mapiri a Georgia). Komabe, mtundu uwu umakana ofufuza ena aluso komanso mbiri ya ndakatuloyo.
Komabe, chithunzi cha protess Volkonsky sichidzadzuka ngati ndakatulo ya ndakatulo. Adzamutsatira chikhumbo chake, ndipo atazindikira machitidwe ake a mcacireyo, amapereka mizere yatsopano kwa mayi wachichepere.
"Monga ndakatulo, anaganiza kuti ndiri ndi udindo wake ndi akazi okongola komanso atsikana achichepere, omwe adakumana naye. Mwakutero, anali wodalirika chabe wotchinga wake, "Zosowa zidzalemba pambuyo pake m'mabanja ake.Widychal wina Maria Nikolaevna adawerengera Gustav Oolizar, wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Poland, wololeka, yemwe nthawi imeneyo anali mtsogoleri wa Dera la Kiev. Wokondedwa ndi zokondweretsa za akalonga achichepere, graph idakhala mlendo wa Kiev nyumba ya Kiev Raevsky ndipo mu 1823 adayambitsa mtsikana. Komabe, adalandira chithandizo kwa abambo ake. Olizar adakumana ndi izi m'moyo wake, ndipo chithunzi cha wokondedwa wake chimasambitsidwa nthawi yayitali pantchito yake.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, abambo adalandiranso ukwati. Nthawi ino, Prince Sergey Grigorievich Volwonsky, woimira dzina lomaliza ndi mtundu wakale wa mtundu wakale wa mtundu wakale. Anayambiranso kupita kunyumba ya Raevsky ndi momwe adakopeka nako tidamvetsera kuyimba kodabwitsa kwa Mariya, ndikusilira iye ndi ma curls akuda.
Anali wachikulire wa Masha wazaka 20 ndipo m'ma 37 anatumikira kale pantchito yayikulu, ngwazi yake idadziwonetsa kunkhondo ya 1812. Nthawi ino lingaliro lidapangidwa, ndipo pa Januware 11, 1825, ukwati udaseweredwa ku Kiev. Amakhulupirira kuti Maria Raevsky sanakwatire pa chikhumbo chake, koma pakukakamira abambo ake, omwe panthawi ya ku Shaky adafuna tsoka labwino kwambiri kwa mwana wokondedwa wake.
Ukwati unkachitikira ku Gurzuf, ndiye mndandanda wopanda choletsa unayamba: RunKonsky anasiyidwa kuti aphunzitse ziphunzitso, Maria, pakati kale, anapita kale ku Odessa kuti apume mphepo. Mu Disembala 1825, Volmonsky adalowa ku Umani ku Uman, adatenga mkazi wake ndikupita naye kunyumba ya abambo ku Kiev, adachoka pomwepo.
Chikhumbo cha onyenga chidachitika pa Disembala 14, 1825 pa Senate lalikulu la St. Petersburg, Maria sanadziwe chilichonse. Sanalole mimba yake. Pa Januware 2, 1826, mwana wa Nicholas adabereka ndikukhala pachipatala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Anaphunzira za kumangidwa kwa mwamuna wake pafupi ndi kasupe ndipo nthawi yomweyo adatumiza kalata yopita ku linga la pepropavlovsk ndi cholinga chogawa zamtsogolo mwake, ngakhale ndendeyo ikuwopseza. Volkonsky adayankha kuti
"Kodi safunafuna chiyembekezo kuti chidzaphuka chisangalalo chotere."Katorga ku Siberia
Chiganizo chotsutsana ndi chinsinsi chomwe chidapangidwa pa Julayi 12, 1826, malinga ndi iye, kalonga wa Volkyonsky adaweruzidwa zaka 20 za zojambula za ku Siberian. Popeza anaphunzira za izi, Maria analankhulanso motheratu. Kupatula apo, miyezi yonseyi adayenera kupirira pamsonkhano wozunzidwa ndi banja lake - bambo, amayi ndi mchimwene wake Alexander, omwe amafunitsitsa kuwotcha mkazi ukwati wochititsa manyazi, akumaumirira.
Azomwe akubisalirana ndi zilembo za mfumukazi, amaletsa mwamuna wake ndi abale ake. Koma Maria, anapulumuka zopinga zonse, amalemba mfumu ya Nikolai I, pempho loti lilole kutsatira Sergey ndikulandila yankho labwino. Kusiya Kohl wazaka imodzi ali pa chisamaliro cha apongozi awo, Maria Volkoloya apita ku Siberia. Abambo osimidwa adalonjeza kuti adzatemberere mwana wake wamkazi wokondedwa, ngati sangabwerere chaka chimodzi.
Mkaziyo anabwera kwa anga othokoza, pomwe omvera amachita, February 11, 1827. Kukumana ndi mwamuna wake kudayembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali komanso molimbika nthawi yomweyo. Maria adaona Sergey Grigorievich, womangidwa m'mabwato, ndipo m'chiwopsezo cha malingaliro adayamba kumpsompsona zovala, kenako zake. Kalonga wofika nthawi imeneyo atagwa kwathunthu mwa Mzimu ndipo adadwala kwambiri. Kubwera kwa mkazi wake kumathandiza moyo wake wabwino.
Volkolota idakhazikika m'nyumba yomweyo ndi mkazi wa chonyenga chaka cha Catherine Truberskoy. Masanawa anayenda m'masiku owopsa, azimayi adatsogolera famuyo, kuphunzira kupulumutsa chilichonse. Maria Nikolaevna adayambitsa udindo wolemba makalata a abale awo.
Pakutha kwa chaka, akalonga onsewa adasamukira ku chinyengo. M'lifupi latsopano lakwanuko kusamutsa amuna awo. Mu Chita, Maria NikolayEvna akuyembekeza kuwomba kopitilira tsoka kamodzi. Poyamba, mu Marichi 1828, nkhani zoopsa zinachokera ku St. Mankhwala ophwanyika a Maria pofuna kuti asachite misala, afunsa mfumu kuti amulole kuti azikhala pachimake pafupi ndi mwamuna wake ndipo amalandira chilolezo.
Mu 1829, kukhudzana kwatsopano - imfa ya Atate. Thanzi lake linadabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi Maria, koma asanaphedwe mwana wake wamkazi. Ndipo akufa, poyang'ana chithunzi chomwe amakonda, adavomereza kuti "Maria ndiye mayi wodabwitsa kwambiri yemwe amadziwa." Amayi, omwe ali ndi khalidwe lovuta, sanamukhululukire mwana wake wamkazi, komanso abale ndi mlongo Sophia. Metaya analemba okha azing'ono achikulire Catherine ndi Elena.
Pa Julayi 10, 1830, Maria anabereka mwana wamkazi Sofia, yemwe anamwalira tsiku lomwelo. Kuchokera ku boma losakwaniritsidwa, mayiyo adatuluka kuthokoza kwatsopano - mu chomera cha petrovsky. Apa, onyenga adaloledwa kukhala pamalo abwino komanso akazi awo m'matabwa. Kenako woyamba kubadwa wa Volkonsy Mikhal (1832) adabadwa, ndipo mwana wamkazi wa Nallie (1834).
Mu 1835, Sergei Grigorievich adamasulidwa ku ntchito yaumoyo pamkhalidwe wathanzi, ndipo mnzanuyo adakwaniritsa kupita kwawo ku Urik kuti azikhala pafupi ndi Dr. nkhal omwe amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi. Okwatirana adamanga nyumba ya chilimwe "Kamachnik" ku Ust-kudow, komwe adatenga alendo osowa.
Ku Uka, mtsogoleri A. Sofohio, M. Lunin amakhala. Onsewa anali abwenzi akuluakulu a banja la Volkonsky ndipo, amakhulupirira kuti akumva chisoni ndi Mariya. Ndipo ngati woyamba anali kukondana ndi mfumukazi yopanda pake, kenako pakati pa njira ndi ma Volkonkaya, malinga ndi akatswiri ena a mbiri inayake, kunali ubale wachikondi. Komabe, a Mariko Nikolaevna amakana izi.
Atakhala ku Urick 8, Maria Volkoloya mu 1845 adalandira chilolezo chopita ku Irkutsk. Apa adatanthauzira ana ku masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo adagwirizana ndi moyo wadziko, adayamba kuyendera maphwando, ndipo posakhalitsa adampatsa salon wake, komanso princess tribetskaya.
Akakhala ndi atsikana okhulupirika kale tsopano amakhala oopsa ndikuchotsana. Pomaliza, azimayi adakwera, osagawana kanyumba, pomwe maso onse adalipo.
Pakadali pano, thanzi la Maria Nikolaevna ambiri. Ziri pafupifupi kuti zisatuluke m'nyumba chifukwa cha kuukira komwe kumachitika kwa iwo kuzizira. Yachangu kuti mudziwe tsoka la ana ndipo mu 1850 adakwatirana ndi mwana wamkazi wa Elena (Nilly) kwa Dmitry Molchanova, ngakhale anali ndi mbiri yoipa pagulu.
Mu 1855, Alexander II amabwerera ku Mpira wa Chirasha. Timery akuyandikira 1856, pomwe onyenga omasulidwa amasiya Siberia. Princess Maria amasiya kale chifukwa cha kufooka kwa Moscow kwa mwana wake wamkazi, ndipo Ristonky afika kumeneko.
Imfa
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mayi adayenda kwambiri. Mwana wamkazi anali atapereka kwachiwiri, wamasiye mu 1857, chifukwa cha kazembe Nicholat kochubuy. Adakwatirana ndi mwana wake pamndandanda wa mwana wake wamwamuna Elizabeti Volkonskaya, ukwati unachitika ku Geneva. Popeza anali atapita ku Roma pa manda a amayi ndi alongo Elena.
Maria Nikolaevna pang'ono adathawa mdzukulu wa Alexander atamwalira ndipo adamwalira mu 1861, m'gulu la mpongozi wa Nyimbo (Chernihiv). Rubgey Volmonsky inali nthawi ino, adamwalira, wosweka ndi ziwalo, mu 1865.