Chiphunzitso
Javaharlal Nehru anali mtsogoleri wachipembedzo mu nkhondo ya ufulu ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa India ndi munthu wotchuka muudindo wandale komanso wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mutu wa Congress, yomwe idakhala nduna yayikulu yoyambirira ya Udindo wa Mahatma Gandhi ndi Wolemba Zachuma, zandale komanso zandale zomwe zidafuna kusintha kuchokera ku Republican.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Javaharlal Nehru adabadwira kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Colon India pa Novembala 14, 1889. Abambo Chitrigal Nehru anali cholembedwa chonchi chomwe chinali pagulu la Kashmir Panditov, ndipo kawiri kawirikawiri monga Purezidenti wa National National Congress. Amayi a Savorroup Rani anali mbadwa ya oimira Caste of bramin, omwe anali m'dera la Pakistan.
Kukhala mwana wamkulu m'banjamo, Jawearlal anakulira ku Allahabad atazunguliridwa ndi mlongo - Vidzhai Lakshmi, yemwe adakhala wapampando woyamba wa Msonkhano wa General, ndipo adalemba mtsogolo Krishna Krishna Krishna Krishna
Ubwana Nehru unapita mumkhalidwe wogwirizana komanso bata, wotetezedwa ndi udindo waukulu wa makolo. Mnyamatayo ankaphunzira kunyumba moyang'aniridwa ndi maulamuliro ndi aphunzitsi, adawonetsa kuthekera kwa sayansi, amakonda njira yosiyitsa. Javaharlal werengani malembedwe achi Buddhist komanso achihindu, omwe adapereka luntha la luntha ndipo pambuyo pake akuwonetsedwa m'buku loti "Kutsegulidwa kwa India", lolemba m'ndende mu 1944.
Zochitika za ku Russia-Japan ndi Nkhondo ya Anglo-board zidasintha mapangidwe a malingaliro aung'ono neur. Anayamba kulinganiza paupolo wochokera ku ukapolo ku Europe ndipo anathandiza kwa Yarym za kukonda dziko lako. Ataphunzira ku sukulu ya Britain ya ku Britain, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi mbiri ya Repoltion Giuse Grabibaldi ndi lingaliro la nkhondo yofuna kudzilamulira.
Mu 1907, Nehru adalowa ku Cambrid Terrid College College Pakati pa Sayansi Yachilengedwe, yofananira idaphunzirira chuma ndi ndale. Atalandira digiri ya Bachelor, Jawearlal adasamukira ku London ndipo adalowa mdera lolemekezeka m'Kachisi wamkati, womwe udaloledwa kutenga malo m'bwalo lamalamulo.
Kubwerera Kudziko Lapansi M'chilimwe cha 1912, Nehru adakhala wotetezedwa ku Khoti Lalikulu la Allahabad, koma sanasangalale ndi machitidwe azamalamulo. Anayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi ndale ndipo posakhalitsa adapeza gawo la gawo la dziko la Chiwerengero cha Natiya ku India, chogwidwa pa Patney.
Ndale
Mu 1912, mnyamatayo anavomera kuphwando la Mahatma Gandhi, omwe anathandizira gulu la "ufulu wachiwembu,", anatenga zopereka ndalama zofunikira pa zochitika zandale. Pambuyo pake, Jawaberlal adatsutsa zochita za Ethersing, kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zantchito ndi mawonetseredwe ena omwe Ahipras m'maiko achingerezi adakumana nawo.
Pakutha kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi, Nehru, yemwe anali ndi malingaliro andale kwambiri, adalankhulidwa momasuka kuti agwirizane ndi olamulira komanso oyimilira omwe adawayimira ku boma lankhanza.
Mu 1916, Jawearlal anakhala mlembi wa gululi akufuna kuti akhale nzika ya ulamuliro, ndipo zaka 4, wandale wachichepere adalowa. " Zochita zoterezi zimangidwa mwamphamvu ndi akuluakulu aboma, ndipo Neura adamangidwa chifukwa cha boma la Anti-Born.
Kumasulidwa kwa ndende ya Javaharla, iye anali kuyang'ana maziko a ogwirizana ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi mayendedwe akunja kuti asungene ndi demokalase. Mu 1927, wogwirizira waku India adayitanidwa ku Congress ku Congress ya akakulu a ku Belgian, omwe amapangidwa kuti akonzekere ndi Impandoms.
Nehru adakhala m'modzi mwa atsogoleri oyamba omwe anali ofunitsitsa kusankha zomaliza kumenyedwa ndi ufumu wa Britain. Malingaliro ake adavomerezedwa ku Madrasia gawo la Congress mu 1927, ngakhale akutsutsidwa ndi Gandhi. Ogwira ntchito amakakamiza ku Britain kuti apereke mawonekedwe a ulamuliro kwa zaka ziwiri, ngati osatsatira mawu, Nehru adawopseza zipolowe ndi kuwukira.
Boma linakana zonena za gululi, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa 1929 ku Lahore ndi gulu lalikulu la anthu a Nehru, Ty Ty Ty Ty Ty Tysicolor yodziika ndikuwerenga chilengezo cha kudziyimira pawokha. Pambuyo pake, Javaharlal adapanga chiphunzitso cha ndale za Congress ndipo adatcha ufulu wachipembedzo, ufulu wokhala ndi chipembedzo, mosasamala kanthu, kutetezedwa kwa zikhalidwe ndi miyambo osawoneka, kusanza mafakitale ndi chikhalidwe.
Nehru adasankhidwa kukhala mutu wa phwandolo, ndipo posakhalitsa wandale wa ku Indian adazindikira zambiri za njira zomwe zidawalengeza. Mu 1936, Jawearlael anayenda kudutsa ku Europe, pomwe adatengedwa ndi ma Marxism. Kuphunzira mfundo za mfundo za fanizoli kwa Nehru kunapitilirabe kundende, kumene mamembala a Komiti Yogwira Ntchito Yopanduka adabzalidwa.
Mu 1947, Ufumu wa United Kingdom adavomera kupereka ufulu wina wa ku South Asia, ndipo Nehru adatsogola boma la India, kukhala nduna yayikulu yoyamba ya dziko laulere. Imfa ya Mahatma Gandhi Gandé 30, 1948 idakumana ndi mavuto amitundu yomwe idathandiza kulimbitsa maudindo a boma latsopanoli. Congress adawongolera kwambiri chiwonetsero cha chisoni ndikukakamira zofunkha za mayendedwe akumanja, amangidwa pafupifupi anthu 200,000.
Mu 1952, phwandoli motsogozedwa ndi Chiawehalala adalandira ukulu wosasinthika mu zisankho ndipo adadzipereka pazaka 10 zotsatira. Pachuma, Nehru adalimbikitsa ubale wosakanikirana, pomwe boma la boma lidayendetsedwa ndi maboma omwe ali ndi mabizinesi achinsinsi.
Kuwongolera ndalama m'mafakitale ofunikira, mtsogoleri wa Congress adathandizira kukulitsa chitsulo, zitsulo ndi magetsi. Ngakhale izi, India anathamangitsidwa kumbuyo kwa maiko ena chifukwa cha ulamuliro wa boma komanso malamulo omwe amaletsa kukula kwa GDP. Kusintha kwaulimi kwa Nehru, cholinga cha zinthu zapamwamba, sanachite bwino.
Pazochitika zamakhalidwe, zinali zabwinoko: Sukulu ndi mabungwe apamwamba ophunzira adapangidwa, komwe ana ochokera ku mabanja ovutika amatha kuchita. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya zaulere m'masukulu ndi kutsegulidwa kwa mabungwe ophunzitsa ndi malo achimiyambo kwa akulu kuti achikulire akukwaniritsa.
Kulowera Kwaulere India Kuyambira 1947 mpaka 1964, mtsogoleri wa Congress adapanga dzikolo kukhala wodziwika kwa dziko lapansi wamba, pamodzi ndi madera ena akale. M'bwalo ladziko lonse lapansi, nduna ya India idatchuka kwa Pachishist ndi Wamtendere, yemwe adasungabe nkhondo yozizira ndikulankhula za mkhalapakati pokana kusamvana pakati pa mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Western United States.
Tsoka ilo, Nehru sanaletse kupewa nkhondo kudziko lakwawo. Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa asitikali aku China kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, dzikolo linataya madera ena, ndipo Nehru adadzudzula kuti sawadziteteze
Pa nkhondoyi, Jawearlal analemba makalata ku Purezidenti waku America a Johnan Kennedy ndipo adapempha ndege kuti imenye nkhondo yolimbana ndi mnansi wa Asia. United States anakana, ndipo maubwenzi pakati pa maiko anaphwanyidwa. Pakadali pano, Soviet Union idathandiza India, yomwe idathandizira pachuma ku wachinyamata. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dzikolo lakhala likuchita maphunziro a kuwonongeka kwachuma ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa maubale azachuma, andale komanso pagulu, anapitiliza ndi mwana wamkazi wa nduna yayikulu ya India Gandhi Gandhi Gandhi Gandhi.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1916, Nehru adakwatirana ndi wokongola wachinyamata wotchedwa Kanga Caul, ndi chaka chimodzi mwa indira adawonekera kudziko lapansi, lofanana ndi Banda. Javaharlael adakonda mtsikanayo ndikulota, kotero kuti adakhala munthu wamphamvu, wophunzitsidwa, yemwe adadzilekanitsa, yemwe adalekanitsidwa ndi malingaliro ake pa buku la buku la Ephetion.
Mu 1930s, Kamala adadwala chifuwa chachikulu ndipo kumanzere kuti achitidwe ku Europe. Nehru anachezera mnzake wa Sanatorium ku Switzerland mpaka kumwalira kwawo mu 1936.
Pambuyo pake, mayi wina adatuluka m'moyo wa mtsogoleri wa mtsogoleri wa dziko lodziyimira, mkulu wa Edwin Mounterben. Maubwenzi awo anachitira makalata opezeka muzakale za nduna yayikulu ya India.
Imfa
Pambuyo pa 1962, thanzi la Nehlu lidayamba kuwonongeka. Ofufuza ena amagwirizanitsa mkhalidwe wovuta wa Prime Minister ali ndi zokumana nazo za nkhondo ya Sino-India, yomwe ankawaona ngati kukhulupirika.
Pa Meyi 26, 1964, Jawearlal adamva kuwawa kumbuyo kwake ndikutembenukira kwa madokotala. Pofotokoza zizindikiritsozi, andale andale sanathene ndipo tsiku lina anamwalira. Choyambitsa kufa kwa nehru, akatswiri amawerengera zomwe zimachitika mwadzidzidzi.
Pambuyo pa miyambo yachikhalidwe, thupi la Prime Minister lidakutidwa ndi mbendera yaku India ndikuyika kuti aliyense abwerezenso. Pa Meyi 28, 1964, adawuma motsatira miyambo yachihindu ku Wartine wakuda, ndipo fumbi lidachotsedwa pamtsinje wa Jamna.
Tsiku lobadwa la miyambo yamilandu yakhala tchuthi cha Natian India, lomwe limadziwika kuti tsiku lachitetezo cha ana, ndipo dzina la Nehru lidapatsidwa mabungwe ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pokhalamo ndi banja la mtsogoleri wa phwandolo, nthawi yomweyo imfa itatsegula Museum ya Chikumbutso, ndipo m'zaka zochepa chipilala cha Indian Great adaikidwa ku Delhi.
M'bali
- 1928 - Soviet Russia
- 1928 - "Makalata Ochokera kwa Abambo kwa Mwana wamkazi"
- 1935 - "Autobigy"
- 1944 - "Kutsegulidwa kwa India"
- 1949 - "Onani mbiri ya dziko lapansi"